Efficient Power Characteristic Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization for an Irreversible Simple Closed Gas Turbine Cycle

On the basis of the established irreversible simple closed gas turbine cycle model, this paper optimizes cycle performance further by applying the theory of finite-time thermodynamics. Dimensionless efficient power expression of the cycle is derived. Effects of internal irreversibility (turbine and compressor efficiencies) and heat reservoir temperature ratio on dimensionless efficient power are analyzed. When total heat conductance of two heat exchangers is constant, the double maximum dimensionless efficient power of a cycle can be obtained by optimizing heat-conductance distribution and cycle pressure-ratio. Through the NSGA-II algorithm, multi-objective optimizations are performed on the irreversible closed gas turbine cycle by taking five performance indicators, dimensionless power density, dimensionless ecological function, thermal efficiency, dimensionless efficient power and dimensionless power output, as objective functions, and taking pressure ratio and heat conductance distribution as optimization variables. The Pareto frontiers with the optimal solution set are obtained. The results reflect that heat reservoir temperature ratio and compressor efficiency have greatest influences on dimensionless efficient power, and the deviation indexes obtained by TOPSIS, LINMAP and Shannon Entropy decision-making methods are 0.2921, 0.2921, 0.2284, respectively, for five-objective optimization. The deviation index obtained by Shannon Entropy decision-making method is smaller than other decision-making methods and its result is more ideal.     

冷热联供的空气制冷不可逆循环分析

本文分析了压气机排气余热利用的冷热联供回热空气制冷不可逆循环,并建立了仅忽略系统内所有换热器流动阻力损失的循环工作性能系数(COP)计算方程式。用该方程分析研究了透平膨胀机与压气机等熵效率、压缩机排气余热度、降温比、传热温差、压比等参数对系统COP值的影响,发现膨胀透平等熵效率提高对COP值的贡献远大于压气机效率同样提高的功效;在其它参数确定时,存在最佳压比,可使系统工作性能系数在该条件下达极值。在优化参数配置下,用于空气调节的冷热联供回热空气制冷不可逆循环的COP值可达2左右。     

Refuse-fired,pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion combined cycle analysis

Use of pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) has given a new opportunity to use municipal refuse as fuel for combined gas and steam power cycles keeping the pollutants of sulphur and nitrogen oxides to a minimum at reduced capital cost.In combined gas and steam power cycles, the heat energy in the exhaust gases of a simple gas turbine cycle is used to generate steam in a waste-heat boiler and the generated steam is used in the steam turbine for power generation.The effects of gas turbine pressure ratio and inlet temperature on the main parameters of refuse-fired, pressurized, fluidized-bed combustion combined cycles are determined.The results indicate a maximum combined cycle thermal efficiency and work output at a possible range of optimum pressure ratios between 10 and 12 for a range of gas turbine inlet temperatures of 750–1000°C.     

Performances of Transcritical Power Cycles with CO2-Based Mixtures for the Waste Heat Recovery of ICE

In the waste heat recovery of the internal combustion engine (ICE), the transcritical CO₂ power cycle still faces the high operation pressure and difficulty in condensation. To overcome these challenges, CO₂ is mixed with organic fluids to form zeotropic mixtures. Thus, in this work, five organic fluids, namely R290, R600a, R600, R601a, and R601, are mixed with CO₂. Mixture performance in the waste heat recovery of ICE is evaluated, based on two transcritical power cycles, namely the recuperative cycle and split cycle. The results show that the split cycle always has better performance than the recuperative cycle. Under design conditions, CO₂/R290(0.3/0.7) has the best performance in the split cycle. The corresponding net work and cycle efficiency are respectively 21.05 kW and 20.44%. Furthermore, effects of key parameters such as turbine inlet temperature, turbine inlet pressure, and split ratio on the cycle performance are studied. With the increase of turbine inlet temperature, the net works of the recuperative cycle and split cycle firstly increase and then decrease. There exist peak values of net work in both cycles. Meanwhile, the net work of the split cycle firstly increases and then decreases with the increase of the split ratio. Thereafter, with the target of maximizing net work, these key parameters are optimized at different mass fractions of CO₂. The optimization results show that CO₂/R600 obtains the highest net work of 27.43 kW at the CO₂ mass fraction 0.9 in the split cycle.     

单轴恒速回热燃气轮机的变工况解析特性及初步经济分析

本文给出单轴恒速回热燃气轮机变工况特性的显式解析解,并且总结了其变工况的典型情况;发现当对所有参数都用与其设计值的比值表达时,燃气轮机效率可以基本总结为单一曲线,并定量论证了恒速单轴燃气轮机采用回热后变工况效率反而相对有所下降。利用得出的解析解,还对采用回热的经济评价给出了初步分析,给出了采用回热合适与否的判别公式。     

整体煤气化湿空气透平(IGHAT)循环的性能分析

IGHAT循环把新颖的HAT循环和先进的燃煤技术结合起来,是一种高效率、低污染和低比投资费用的燃煤发电技术,正待人们进一步去研究和开发,它也将为降低IGCC的比投资费用和发电成本提供一条新的途径[1,2]。本文主要分析了IGHAT循环的性能,研究了主要参数透平前温、压比和湿空气相对湿度对系统效率和比功的影响。     

Energy conservation in the refinery by utilizing reformed fuel gas and furnace flue gases

Decrease of fuel supplies and cost increases make it vital for industries, especially energy intensive ones, to consider conserving available sources and convert losses into sources of energy.In this paper, a gas turbine-based cogeneration system is suggested to utilize a refinery's reformer gas in the gas turbine, and furnaces flue gases together with the engine exhaust gases in a heat recovery steam generator, HRSG. This is proposed as an alternative to the currently used system where the gas turbine and the steam generator are used separately. Operating variables comprising compressor pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature are varied widely to evaluate performance; namely power, SFC, overall efficiency and annual fuel savings at design and off-design loading conditions using a dedicated computer program.Results show that the proposed system offers 100% higher overall efficiency and $5.25 million annual fuel saving for a 12 MW_e gas turbine.     

Comparative performance of closed cycle gas turbine engine with heat recovery using different gases

The unique features of the closed cycle gas turbine engine have been recently contributing towards its adoption in a multiplicity of applications such as power plants, space, and marine power supplies. Therefore, research is reactivated to serve its future developments.In this work, a performance analysis is carried out using different gases such as air, combustion gases, CO₂ and helium. Operating variables are turbine inlet temperature T₀₃, compressor pressure ratio R_c and inlet temperature T₀₁. A computer program is taioored to calculate specific work W_s and overall efficiency η_o over a wide range of operating variables. Results show that helium gives relatively higher W_s, but η_o starts to drop early after a low optimum R_c. Air and combustion gases offer nearly equal performance.     

三种高温气冷堆核能热力循环性能的比较

本文对三种新颖的核能联合循环系统进行了综合评价，从而揭示出过程的热力学完善性 并指出系统的改进方向。在建立公正、合理的比较条件的基础上，我们分析了系统关键参数对系统 性能产生的影响，得出如下结果：加湿型联合循环系统效率最高；比功输出最大的为余热锅炉型联 合循环；安全稳定性好是简单循环的主要特点。最终，我们可以得出这样的结论：选择何种透平排 热回收手段是影响系统性能的关键因素。以上工作对新型核能发电系统的研究提供了值得借鉴的 经验。     

单轴恒速燃气轮机及其功热并供装置的典型变工况特性

利用作者在本期给出的单轴恒速燃气轮机及其功热并供装置的变工况显式解析解，本文给出它们的变工况典型性能．当变工况性能均以其设计值的比值表示时，不同设计值机组的各种无因次变工况性能曲线均分别在一条狭带之中，尤其是燃气轮机的效率基本就在一条线上，而且此线与实际数据相当符合．对以饱和蒸汽供热的功热并供装置，本文特别指出当设计蒸汽压力较高时，其余热锅炉逼近温差在低工况下很容易变为负值，要注意其安全运转问题．     

Performance characteristic of a Stirling refrigeration cycle in micro/nano scale

The aim of the paper is to present the performance characteristics of a Stirling refrigeration cycle in micro/nano scale, in which the working substance of cycle is an ideal Maxwellian gas. Due to the quantum boundary effect on the gas particles confined in the finite domain, the cycle no longer possesses the condition of perfect regeneration. The inherent regenerative losses, the refrigeration heat and coefficient of performance (COP) of the cycle are derived. It is found that, for the micro/nano scaled Stirling refrigeration cycle devices, the refrigeration heat and COP of cycle all depend on the surface area of the system (boundary of cycle) besides the temperature of the heat reservoirs, the volume of system and other parameters, while for the macro scaled refrigeration cycle devices, the refrigeration heat and COP of cycle are independent of the surface area of the system. Variations of the refrigeration heat ratio r_R and the COP ratio r_ε with the temperature ratio τ and volume ratio r_V for the different surface area ratio r_A are examined, which reveals the influence of the boundary of cycle on the performance of a micro/nano scaled Stirling refrigeration cycle. The results are useful for designing of a micro/nano scaled Stirling cycle device and may conduce to confirming experimentally the quantum boundary effect in the micro/nano scaled devices.     

Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Power-Water Cogeneration System for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine

A power-water cogeneration system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (SCBC) and reverse osmosis (RO) unit is proposed and analyzed in this paper to recover the waste heat of a gas turbine. In order to improve the system performance, the power generated by SCBC is used to drive the RO unit and the waste heat of SCBC is used to preheat the feed seawater of the RO unit. In particular, a dual-stage cooler is employed to elevate the preheating temperature as much as possible. The proposed system is simulated and discussed based on the detailed thermodynamic models. According to the results of parametric analysis, the exergy efficiency of SCBC first increases and then decreases as the turbine inlet temperature and split ratio increase. The performance of the RO unit is improved as the preheating temperature rises. Finally, an optimal exergy efficiency of 52.88% can be achieved according to the single-objective optimization results.     

Beta Type Stirling Engine. Schmidt and Finite Physical Dimensions Thermodynamics Methods Faced to Experiments

The paper presents experimental tests and theoretical studies of a Stirling engine cycle applied to a β-type machine. The finite physical dimension thermodynamics (FPDT) method and 0D modeling by the imperfectly regenerated Schmidt model are used to develop analytical models for the Stirling engine cycle. The purpose of this study is to show that two simple models that take into account only the irreversibility due to temperature difference in the heat exchangers and imperfect regeneration are able to indicate engine behavior. The share of energy loss for each is determined using these two models as well as the experimental results of a particular engine. The energies exchanged by the working gas are expressed according to the practical parameters, which are necessary for the engineer during the entire project, namely the maximum pressure, the maximum volume, the compression ratio, the temperature of the heat sources, etc. The numerical model allows for evaluation of the energy processes according to the angle of the crankshaft (kinematic–thermodynamic coupling). The theoretical results are compared with the experimental research. The effect of the engine rotation speed on the power and efficiency of the actual operating machine is highlighted. The two methods show a similar variation in performance, although heat loss due to imperfect regeneration is evaluated differently.     

燃气轮机考虑经济性和环保因素的热力分析

主要符号表人，从，C，H年运行小时数对热效率风，i二1，2价格方程的系数Hu燃料低位发热量雷压比c燃料含碳百分比d贴现率，温比CO投资额J单位质量C02罚款Cj年均燃料费M比例系数下标Cth年均运行维修费N电站容量0基准值COE发电成本。运行年限C发电成本E考虑变工况的系数P单位功率价格…最佳值G空气流量马单位能量燃料价格，热效率G，燃料流量产年投资费用率1概述在进行动力机械的循环热力分析时，结合经济因素与环保因素来定量进行，是实际生产的要求，也是热力循环分析的一次创新。本文将以燃气轮机发电机组为例，对此进行首次试探，…     

环境温度对燃气轮机功热并供装置及联合循环变工况性能的影响

采用动力机械变工况性能解析分析方法,研究了大气温度变化对燃气轮机功热并供和联合循环装置性能影响．指出燃气轮机在带有余热利用的条件下,大气温度的影响明显减弱,并对不同燃气轮机设计参数和蒸汽设计参数影响做了分析比较。     

The effect of the operating parameters of heat recovery steam generators on combined cycle/sea-water desalination plant performance

Combined gas/steam turbine cycle plants have been proposed for cogeneration of electricity and process steam. Examples are combined-cycle power plants coupled with sea-water desalination, district heating plants, chemical industries, etc. In combined heat and power plants, the gas turbine exhaust heat is utilized through the use of heat recovery steam generators (HRSG's). As a result, these waste heat generators (boilers), whether fired or unfired, control the performance of the combined plant lower side (bottoming cycle). Moreover, any changes made in the HRSG operating parameters (i.e. the pinch point, approach temperature, first and second stage pressures, and mass ratios) can greatly affect the HRSG performance and will eventually affect the overall combined plant performance. This paper presents a method to predict the performance of the heat recovery steam generators (HRSG)/steam bottoming cycle combined with sea-water desalination plant at various steam and exhaust gas conditions.     

采用烟气再循环和燃烧室回注水的燃气轮机循环分析及优化

1前言采用燃气轮机排气做为再循环烟气并向燃烧室回注水等措施，不仅可保证一定的透平进气温度，而且可有效的减少NOx生成及压缩机耗功。但还有以下问题有待解决：（1）若再循环烟气温度较高，不利于提高系统效率。（2）如果燃烧室回注水取自周围环境，造成系统水消耗大。因此即要能使再循环烟气降温又能使系统用水尽量来自系统本身。冷凝式换热器可适应上述要求，通过把烟气冷却至露点以下，烟气中的水蒸气凝结为水，然后汽水混合物进入气水分离器，产生较低温度的再循环烟气，同时分离出液态水，经泵加压后作为燃烧室回注水使用。本文在…     

Chemiluminescence as diagnostic tool in the development of gas turbines

To optimise the operation of gas turbine combustors with respect to emission, cycle efficiency and components lifetime, increased attention has to be attributed to diagnostic techniques and more flexible control schemes. Chemiluminescence is an obvious choice and a relatively easy and low cost option for such a diagnostic tool. Application examples include spectral analysis and light intensity scaling, temporal analysis studying flame dynamic effects and imaging techniques resolving spatial distribution of heat release zones, as well as combinations of the methods like phase matched imaging and tracking of ignition kernels using high speed imaging. Further fundamental work should be triggered on the nature for the excited species and their formation pathways as well as their connection to heat release and the NO _x formation processes.     

燃气轮机中热值合成气燃烧室改造技术——现场调试与考核

将某型烧天然气的燃气轮机改为烧中热值合成气,需要改造燃烧室、燃机控制系统、燃料供给系统和相关配套系统,并校核燃机关键部件的通流匹配情况.在完成合成气燃烧室设计、试验和制造之后,需要进行燃气轮机组的安装调试、现场测试和考核.本研究所建立了燃气轮机现场测试平台;进行了合成气燃气轮机的安装调试、168小时连续运行考核和第三方的燃机性能考核;初步掌握了燃机控制系统和配套系统的改造技术.现场测试平台用贴片式热电偶对火焰筒壁温进行了监测,用示温漆测量了满负荷工况火焰筒壁温分布,用燃气分析仪测量了燃烧室效率和污染物排放.考核结果表明燃机功率、燃机热耗、燃烧效率、污染物排放基本达标.     

小型透平逆布雷顿循环空气制冷机的研制

随着高效紧凑换热器和低温透平膨胀机特别是高速气体轴承透平膨胀机的发展 ,逆布雷顿循环空气制冷机在普冷和深冷领域拥有更广阔的应用前景。为了深入研究逆布雷顿循环空气制冷机系统及其主要部件低温透平膨胀机、换热器的运行性能 ,西安交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所研制了 30 Nm3/ hr小型透平逆布雷顿循环空气制冷机