Method for simultaneously and directly measuring all six-DOF motion errors of a rotary axis

We report a method for simultaneously and directly measuring all six-degrees-of-freedom(six-DOF) motion errors of a rotary axis. Such a method combines the principles of laser interferometry and laser collimation measurement. One reference rotary axis and two retro-reflectors are used to achieve simultaneous sensitivity to all six errors in a full-circle measuring range. As no separation models are required, our method is capable of dynamically measuring these errors in real time and conveniently determining the origin of the errors. An automatic measuring device is built. The effectiveness of our method is experimentally demonstrated.     

Rotary resonance echo double resonance for measuring heteronuclear dipolar coupling under MAS

A rotary resonance echo double resonance (R-REDOR) experiment is described for measuring heteronuclear dipolar coupling under magic-angle spinning. Rotary resonance reintroduces both dipolar coupling and chemical shift anisotropy with an rf field matching the spinning frequency. The resonance effect from chemical shift anisotropy can be refocused with a rotary resonance echo. The R-REDOR experiment thus measures the dephasing of the rotary resonance echo from the heteronuclear dipolar coupling to determine the dipolar coupling constant. The rotary resonance experiment is suitable for measuring dipolar coupling with quadrupolar nuclei because it applies the recoupling rf only to the observed spin-1/2. The rotary resonance scheme has the advantages of a long T2' and susceptible to spinning frequency fluctuation.     

精确测量石英晶体旋光率的光谱分析法

提出一种精确测量石英晶体旋光率的光谱分析法。利用光学矩阵方法对测量原理进行了分析,指出通过测量由两个平行放置的偏光镜和石英晶体所组成系统的透射曲线就可以精确计算出石英晶体的旋光率;并利用分光光度计设计实验,验证了该方法的正确性。对实验数据进行了处理,拟合出了旋光色散方程,对比Lowry的公式,所得出的公式在可见光范围内的更为精准。对实验数据进行了误差分析, 结果表明：选取厚的石英晶体,长的测量波段、低的扫描速度、小的狭缝宽度都有利于提高测量精度。     

测量低真空系统压强的U型管油压强计

本文介绍了一种测量范围为１ｍｍＨｇ—２０ｍｍＨｇ，测量精度为０．１ｍｍＨｇ的低真空测量装置及其使用条件和方法。有效地代替了以水银为媒质的旋转式麦氏真空计。     

星敏感器光学系统弥散斑测试方法

提出了一种星敏感器光学系统弥散斑尺寸的测试方法,主要是利用平行光管、转台和CCD显微摄像系统组成弥散斑测量系统,采集图像后,采用双三次插值像元细分,提取图像中灰度值,依据瑞利判据计算弥散斑尺寸。通过实际测量和试验验证,光学系统0.8视场弥散斑测量精度可以达到0.5μm,重复测量精度可达0.2μm。     

激光跟踪测量系统中的光学误差分析

论述了在激光跟踪测量系统中由跟踪转镜机构和猫眼逆反射器产生的光学误差,并分析了它们对测量结果产生的影响。通过仿真得到了"计算中心点"的坐标。利用光学理论计算了跟踪转镜机构入射光束偏心和镜面偏心产生的误差。从猫眼的球度误差、材料折射率误差和光学中心误差几个方面对猫眼产生的光学误差进行了分析。结果表明,猫眼的误差对测量精度影响较大,因此要求猫眼精度要高。     

基于光纤应力传感的山体滑坡监测系统研究

介绍了一种基于光纤应力传感的山体滑坡预警监测系统。阐述了分布式光纤应力传感原理与滑坡体内应力监测方法,设计了应力测量范围0-15Mpa,空间分辨率2m,测量距离1km的山体滑坡监测系统,并实验验证了监测方法的可行性。     

气垫导轨在刚体转动惯量测定实验中的应用

本文介绍了一种测量刚体转动惯量的新方法。即把气垫导轨和刚体转动仪结合起来来测量刚体的转动惯量,使传统的气垫导轨实验和刚体转动惯量测定实验得以更新,提高了实验测量的精度,拓展了实验内容。     

Size measurement of nanoparticles using the emission intensity distribution of laser-induced plasma

A two-dimensional optical imaging method is presented for monitoring the laser-induced breakdown events of aqueous nanoparticles. The method is based on measuring the light intensity distribution of plasma from spatially resolved breakdown events. The number of laser breakdown events as a function of the emission intensity follows the Gaussian distribution and its full-width at a half-maximum appears in direct correlation with the particle size. Hence the particle size can be determined by measuring the plasma emission intensity distribution. Calibration of the method is carried out with reference polystyrene particles dispersed in water. Application is demonstrated for measuring bentonite colloidal particles of different sizes in groundwater. PACS 42.62.Eh; 52.25.Rv; 52.70.Nc     

长程轮廓仪用于筒状超光滑表面测量的误差分析及校正

为了提高使用长程轮廓仪对筒状超光滑非球面进行面型测量的精度,研究并总结了测量过程中常见的误差源及校正方法.针对测量过程中对结果影响较大的转台转轴与待测筒状镜光轴之间的倾斜和偏心误差做了详细的分析,提出利用数据处理校正这部分误差的方法.编写了相应的数据处理程序,通过数值模拟实验对该程序进行了验证.实验结果表明,该程序能够...     

基于红外光谱环类锻件内壁状态监测方法研究

考虑到环类锻件内壁状态对于保证工业的生产安全具有重要作用,而基于红外光谱的测温方法可以大大提高测温精度,因此研究基于红外光谱的环类锻件内壁状态监测方法具有重要的意义。为了实时掌握环类锻件的内壁状态,提出一种红外光谱环类锻件内壁状态监测方法。首先利用红外光谱构建了三级FP型LCTF的测温系统,通过获取锻件表面辐射的两个单一光谱运用红外双色测温原理实现锻件表面温度的测量。相比传统的测温方法大大提高了锻件表面的测温精度。其次在拉普拉斯导热微分方程的基础上,运用分离变量法建立了环类锻件内壁状态监测模型;结合红外光谱测温系统测量的温度数据和锻件自身参数信息,实现了环类锻件的内壁状态监测;最后通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的可行性,实现了环类锻件的内壁状态监测,为保证环类锻件的正常运行提供了理论依据。     

基于计数法测量激光多普勒测速仪的测速精度

为了测量所设计的激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)的测量精度,用均匀转动的斩波片代替高精度的转台作为标准的速度源,并基于单片机AT89S52,采用光计数的方法测量斩波片上某一固定位置的切向运动速度,LDV的测量结果与之相比较。实验结果表明,LDV测速的相对精度不超过8‰,稳定性较好。     

高速动态非接触激光光学法测量光纤外径

光纤拉丝过程中必须对纤丝外径进行精密测控,但是通常用于圆柱形物体动态非接触测量的方法(如相关光通量比较法、电压鉴别法、补偿光通量法等等)精度太低,测量范围难适于光纤测量。本文介绍了四种测量高速运动的光纤外径很有效的非接触式激光光学测量方法:1.前向光散射法。它测量的是激光束射到光纤上的散射角和散射条纹;2.后向光散射法。它测量后向散射条纹的间隔; 3.直接衍射法。它测量激光束直射到光纤上产生的衍射图象;4.计量光脉冲法。它测量与光纤外径有关的光脉冲效。文中还对此四种方法进行了讨论。     

Fiber chromatic dispersion measurement by using a novel RF spectrum phase detection method based on DSP

In this paper, a novel chromatic dispersion (CD) measuring method based on a novel RF spectrum phase detection technique is proposed, this is performed using in-band tone monitoring RF, electrically down-converted to direct current (DC) or a low intermediate-frequency (IF) of less than 1 MHz through electronic mixing with local oscillator (LO). We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the CD measurement for CD components (etc. fiber). The method can support any CD range measuring with good accuracy through adjusting RF frequency.     

基于红外检测技术的旋转轮盘的温度测量

介绍了红外测温仪的工作原理和用红外测温技术测量旋转轮盘温度的结构原理。从旋转轮盘需要低温测量和高温测量的实际要求选取了合适的红外测温仪型号。对某型发动机涡轮盘在加温状态的同一点温度分别采用红外测温仪和热电偶进行了测量。结果表明,红外测温系统可以达到较高的测量精度,可满足工程实际的需要。     

Error of the local sound field’s maximum frequency shifts in shallow water

The error in determining the position of the spectral maximum of a signal against Gaussian white noise is considered. The sensitivity of the monitoring method based on measuring the frequency shifts of the field maximum is estimated. For a specific case of a Gaussian signal’s spectrum and the medium perturbed by background internal waves, results of calculations are presented.     

差分吸收光谱法测量大气污染的浓度反演方法研究

介绍了差分光学吸收光谱法(DOAS)测量大气污染气体浓度的基本原理,描述了对测量光谱所作的一些必要处理,对最小二乘法作了简单介绍,并将它用在DOAS方法中的浓度反演中,通过与当地监测站的数据进行对比,证明了最小二乘法非常适用于DOAS方法中的浓度反演. 关键词： 差分光学吸收光谱法 光谱处理 最小二乘法 环境监测     

Acoustic monitoring of background internal waves with the use of the correlation method for measuring the frequency shifts of interference maxima

A numerical experiment is carried out to demonstrate the reconstruction of the frequency spectrum of background internal waves with the use of the correlation method for measuring the frequency shifts of interference maxima. The method is based on monitoring the behavior of the frequency shift for the maximum of the cross-correlation function of signal spectra received at different instants of time. The noise immunity of the correlation method is analyzed in comparison with the direct method based on monitoring the frequency shift of a chosen maximum of the interference pattern.     

光象散法测量溶液浓度的研究

本文报道一种用光象散技术测量溶液浓度的新方法。给出其理论解析、测量原理、系统构成与实验结果。从理论研究与初步实验结果表明,本方法用于自动测量溶液浓度有好的可行性与实用性,亦可作为在线监测。