一种用于主动降噪耳机的权重滤波误差信号滤波-x最小均方算法*

针对传统FxLMS算法前馈自适应主动降噪耳机系统因果性条件不足时在宽带噪声环境中产生的高频噪声抬升问题,该文引入权重滤波误差信号FxLMS算法用于抑制高频噪声的抬升,但该算法带来了低频降噪量不足问题。因此,进一步提出将固定系数混合控制器与权重滤波误差信号FxLMS算法结合,在解决高频噪声抬升问题的同时,保证了良好的低频降噪量。基于DSP平台实现了提出的主动降噪耳机方案。实验证明,该方案针对宽带和单频等噪声都取得了较好的降噪效果。     

一种数字有源降噪耳机控制器设计方法

为了得到一种作用于低频宽带噪声的有源降噪耳机,采用固定系数的数字控制器实施降噪,并提出了一种前反馈混合的控制器设计方法。比较了前馈及混合两种控制模式下对低频宽带噪声的控制效果;进一步提出了一种综合优化方法,改善噪声不同角度入射下的降噪性能。仿真和基于DSP平台的实验表明,提出的方法对多方向入射的20～1500 Hz低频宽带噪声均具有较好控制效果。     

水下目标辐射噪声时间序列的非线性降噪处理

噪声是信号检测和目标识别的障碍．对水下目标辐射噪声降噪,过去常用线性的方法来对信号进行滤波。对于线性系统产生的信号,用线性滤波方法可以达到较好的效果但对非线性系统产生的信号或受非线性因素影响较大的信号,用线性滤波万法不能很好地滤除噪声,已经证明,水下目标辐射噪声信号中具有明显的非线性成分。因此,本文提出运用非线性方法对水下目标辐射噪声时间序列进行降噪处理。通过降噪前后重构吸引子、关联积分曲线斜率及信噪比的比较,表明该方法对去除水下目标辐射噪声时间序列中的噪声干扰十分有效。     

水下流激孔腔噪声前馈有源控制实验研究

水流流经腔体时引起的自激振荡会形成流激噪声,该文通过仿真和实验研究了水下流激孔腔噪声的主动声场控制。应用有源前馈控制方法,对比了参考信号的选取以及控制器中增加的泄露因子对控制结果的影响,并在水循环管路中对流激孔腔噪声前馈控制效果进行了实验验证。研究结果表明,前馈有源噪声控制方法可有效抑制水下流激孔腔噪声,在误差点和辅助观测点都取得了良好的降噪效果,最大降噪量大于8 dB,并且使用腔内信号作为参考的控制效果优于上游信号作为参考。     

腐蚀声发射信号降噪方法

为了从复杂背景噪声中有效地检测出腐蚀声发射信号,采用短时分形维数和离散分数余弦变换相结合的降噪方法,利用声发射检测系统,对6% FeCl₃·6H₂O溶液中Q235钢板的全面腐蚀和局部腐蚀声发射信号进行了降噪处理。实验结果表明,腐蚀声发射信号分别加入白噪声、有色噪声和粉红噪声,在输入信噪比为0~15dB的条件下,此方法降噪效果与标准离散余弦、离散分数余弦变换方法相比,输出信噪比最高可提升8 dB。所述降噪方法对检测腐蚀声发射信号以及对金属剩余寿命的评价具有一定意义。      

基于声信号的铝锭脱模故障诊断研究

针对铝锭铸造是否脱模的故障检测难题,尝试利用铸模敲击声音信号进行诊断分析。本文首先提出基于改进的小波包算法对敲击声音进行降噪,在对声音信号频域分析后,发现一次敲击后如果铝锭脱模,则一次敲击声音信号和二次敲击声音信号存在明显的峰值频率差,将其作为故障特征参数,并设定阈值,可以对铝锭是否脱模进行故障诊断。现场采集的声音处理实验证明了本文所提方法的有效性。     

提升小波的X射线脉冲星信号降噪EI北大核心CSCD

对于短时间内X射线脉冲星信号形成的脉冲轮廓的信噪比低,提出基于提升小波的X射线脉冲星信号的降噪方法。分析了基于提升小波的信号降噪理论模型。在周期叠加的基础上,利用探测设备及空间环境的先验信息建立预降噪模型,并对X射线脉冲星的脉冲轮廓做降噪预处理。通过选择小波和自适应的阈值函数,利用提升小波对脉冲轮廓降噪。通过对多组罗西X射线计时探测器(RXTE)卫星探测的实测X射线脉冲星数据的仿真分析,结果表明,降噪后的脉冲轮廓信噪比得到提高,且算法有更快的处理速度。     

军用运输机机舱有源消声实验系统的设计与实现

为验证有源消声技术在军用运输机机舱低频噪声消除方面的有效性,设计和实现了一套机舱有源消声实验系统。采用“激振器+舱壁板”方式实现了飞机螺旋桨对机舱诱导噪声的声源模拟,设计了基于前馈控制结构的自适应有源噪声控制系统,构建了基于FX-LMS算法的自适应消声控制器,采用监测麦克风组对舱内空间的消声效果进行监测。实验结果验证了自适应有源噪声控制技术在军用飞机舱室消声降噪领域的有效性,并表明初、次级声源间距对自适应有源消声系统的消声效果具有重要的影响。     

基于ELMAN网络的非线性混沌微弱信号检测

为了快速和实时地从具有强噪声的较低信噪比的原始信号中检测出有用信息,设计了一种混沌相空间重构理论和ELMAN神经网络的信号检测方法;首先,描述了采用混沌相空间重构理论对原始信号进行重构的原理和方法,在获取重构的时间序列的基础上,采用ELMAN网络来近似表示用于检测信号的函数型,然后,设计了ELMAN网络中各层之间连接权值的计算方式,并提出了采用ELMAN网络进行信号检测的具体过程,最后给出了采用混沌相空间重构理论和ELMAN网络的信号检测模型;对Lorenz混沌系统模型进行仿真实验,结果证明了文章方法能有效地对瞬时信号和周期性信息进行检测,在具有高斯白噪声的情况下,仍然具有降噪效果好的优点,是一种用于信号检测的可行性方法。     

基于全卷积金字塔残差网络的能谱CT图像降噪研究

传统CT采用积分式探测器采集投影数据,反映的是物体的平均衰减特性,会在一定程度上造成信息损失,无法对物体进行较好的定性定量测量。基于光子计数探测器的能谱CT通过设定多个能量响应阈值能够探测不同能量范围内的X射线光子,采集更多被测物体的物质组成信息,有助于识别不同物理特性的材料,基于此,能谱CT被广泛的应用于小病灶、低对比度结构以及微细结构的成像。然而将整个能谱划分为多个能量段进行数据采集时,范围较窄能量范围内的有效光子数比例相对降低,导致图像中包含较多的噪声,图像质量较差,影响能谱CT的临床应用。为了有效的抑制能谱CT不同能量段内重建图像中的噪声,提出了一种基于深度学习的能谱CT图像降噪方法。我们将全卷积网络和金字塔残差网络结合为全卷积金字塔残差网络(FCPRN),实验中,利用能谱CT在不同的能量范围扫描小鼠样本,使用FDK算法和基于压缩感知的Split-Bregman算法进行重建并分别作为训练数据和标签数据训练全卷积金字塔残差网络。为了验证网络的降噪性能,选取了常见的降噪网络模型denoising convolutional neural networks(DNCN)以及residual encoder decoder convolutional neural network (REDCNN)进行对比,训练三种网络的使用的数据和实验配置都是完全相同的,实验结果表明训练模型可以有效抑制不同能量范围内重建图像的噪声,且使用的全卷积金字塔残差网络的降噪性能优于其他网络模型。模型训练好后,可以对FDK算法重建出的图像进行降噪,由此提高能谱CT图像降噪效率,保证能谱CT重建图像的质量。     

基于波束形成的多类型多声源定位研究

为实现空压机多噪声源的准确定位,仿真对比了多种近场球面波多声源定位算法。基于时域波束形成,研究了相同声源平面、不同声源频率、不同声源纵向距离、不同声源强度下多声源定位以及声源频率、声源纵向距离和声源强度多因素联合的多声源定位仿真方法,模拟了更接近实际的噪声源类型。基于频域波束形成,仿真研究了1400 Hz,2400 Hz,3400 Hz,4400 Hz的多声源。分别利用互功率谱波束形成和除自谱的互功率谱波束形成,仿真研究了相干声源和不相干声源。开发了阵列声成像测试平台,运用频域波束形成和功率谱波束形成对空压机进行了定位试验研究。结果表明,1400 Hz下空压机的主要噪声源是气缸盖、空气滤清器和曲轴附近的机体,这可为空压机减振降噪改进设计提供依据。     

充液管路系统流体声与结构声的复合有源控制

采用基于谐频自适应控制算法的有源消声与消振系统对充液管路系统突出的低频线谱噪声进行有源控制实验研究.建立了泵水循环管路实验系统,在管路中安装有源消声器对流体声进行控制,在管路出口障板上采用8×8通道有源消振系统控制结构声辐射。开展的低频线谱噪声与振动有源控制实验结果表明,在50~200 Hz频带内,通过结合有源噪声与振动控制可在多数频点取得10 dB以上的降噪效果。针对该实验系统,通过分别控制流体声和结构声分析了两者的贡献.实验结果验证了有源消声与消振系统具有较好的降噪性能,各频点处流体声与结构声占比情况不同,需要综合控制流体声与结构声才可以取得显著的降噪效果。      

后掠叶片锯齿尾缘宽频噪声实验研究

本文采用线性传声器阵列分别对具有常规尾缘及锯齿形尾缘的后掠叶片的尾缘噪声进行了实验测量;运用CLEAN-SC数据处理方法精确地识别出叶片尾缘噪声的声学参数.并且基于多组实验结果的对比,深入研究了不同的尾缘锯齿长度、周期、几何比例对后掠叶片尾缘噪声降噪效果的影响.实验结果表明:在低湍流度、自由来流情况下,在总声压级降噪方...     

Process plant noise: Evaluation and control

The first step in the economic control of noise from a complete plant is to evaluate the contribution which each individual item of equipment makes to the total noise level. This involves determination of the sound power level of each source and estimation of the attenuation of noise between the source and the point where noise level is to be controlled. The second step is to identify the possible methods of noise reduction and to select the best by cost/benefit analysis. A computer program, based on the OCMA Specification, is helpful in this work.     

Identification of noise sources in factory’s sound field by using genetic algorithm

Noise control is important and essential in factory, where the noise level is restricted by the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Before noise abatement being performed, the identification work in searching for the location and sound power level (SWL) of noisy sound sources is absolutely prerequisite. Several researches on new techniques of single noise control have been well addressed and developed; however, the research work on sound identification for the existing multi-noise plant is hardly found sufficient. Under the circumstance of unrecognized noises, the noise control work will expectedly be extravagant and fruitless. Therefore, the numerical approach in distinguishing noises from a multi-noise plant becomes crucial and obligatory.In this paper, the novel technique of genetic algorithm (GA) in conjunction with the method of minimized variation square will be adopted and used in the following numerical optimization. In addition, various sound monitoring systems in detecting the noise condition within the plant area will also be introduced. Before noises identification, the accuracy of mathematical model has then been proved to be in good agreements comparing to the simulated data of SoundPlan, a commercialized simulation package in sound field. Moreover, three kinds of multi-noise plants have been fully discussed and acknowledged by GA optimization. The results reveal that the relevant locations and sound power levels (SWLs) of noises can be precisely recognized. This paper surely provides a rapid methodology in the noise identification work for a multi-noise plant.     

瓦状阻尼橡胶块对高铁车轮减振降噪的影响分析

依据声学测试标准,为了评价某型高铁车轮在安装不同形式橡胶块装置后的减振降噪效果,在半消声室内基于B&K振动噪声测试分析系统,对裸轮和橡胶块车轮开展振动声辐射室内测试实验,并基于有限元方法对车轮模态进行了仿真分析。测试结果可知:相比裸轮,WA、WB车轮模态阻尼比显著增加,车轮的减振效果明显,其中WA车轮的减振效果略优于WB车轮。径向激励下,WA车轮声功率级降低了8 dB(A),WB车轮声功率级降低了5.5 dB(A);轴向激励下,WA车轮声功率级降低了8.2 dB(A),WB车轮声功率级降低了6.2 dB(A)。分析可知橡胶块装置能有效抑制车轮的滚动噪声和曲线啸叫,对车轮的减振降噪有积极作用。     

The characteristics of sound radiation from a cylindrical shell coated with multiple compliant layers

The effect of multiple compliant layers on sound radiation from a finite cylindrical shell immersed in an infinite acoustic medium is studied. The transfer matrix is derived according to the continuous boundary conditions at each adjacent interface of the multi-layer system. With the shell theory and the acoustic wave equation, the theoretical model is developed to estimate the characteristics of sound radiation. The numerical calculation results show that the amount of the acoustic radiation power reduction increases as the wave speed or the density of the compliant layer decreases, and using multi-layer system could be more effective on noise reduction than the corresponding uniform single layer.     

参量阵扬声器在管道噪声控制中的研究*

为了解决管道有源噪声控制中声反馈造成的系统复杂度和计算量的增加,文中引入参量阵扬声器作为次级声源,利用其强指向性减小控制系统的声反馈。为了验证该方法可行性,本文分别在直管和L管中,对600 Hz单频噪声和频率范围为500 Hz~1000 Hz的窄带噪声进行了管道有源噪声控制,同时测量了参量阵扬声器的管内声场和降噪范围。结果表明,参量阵扬声器声反馈小,在没有声反馈补偿的条件下对单频噪声的降噪效果基本达到了声反馈补偿条件下普通扬声器的降噪效果,对窄带噪声的降噪效果稍差。此外,通过测量管道声场和降噪量,确定了参量阵扬声器的降噪区域为误差传感器下游整个管道,降噪面积为管道整个截面。这说明参量阵扬声器作为次级声源降低了系统的复杂度和算法的计算量,并取得了较好的降噪效果。     

Experimental study for control of sound transmission through double glazed window using optimally tuned Helmholtz resonators

This paper presents an experimental investigation of passively control of sound transmission through a double glazed window by using arrangement of Helmholtz resonators (HRs), which are commonly used for narrow band control application. The laboratory experiments were performed placing the window between reverberation chamber and anechoic chamber. The window was subject to diffuse field, approximate normal wave and oblique wave acoustic excitations. Three sets of HRs were designed and installed in cavity of window. The sound control performances at far-field were measured. The control performances from varying the number of HRs, incident acoustic field, excitation sources (band-limited white noise and traffic noise examples) are presented and discussed in detail. It is shown that a considerable reduction of the transmitted sound pressure levels has been achieved around the mass–air–mass resonance frequency (50–120 Hz). The obtained reductions in the transmitted sound pressure illustrate the potentials of HRs for improving the sound insulation characteristics of double glazed window. The experimental results also indicate that only tuning the HRs to the mass–air–mass resonance frequency does not guarantee the best possible insulation of the sound transmission.     

Purification plants: Noise aspects and provisions

Noise in and around purification plants will be dealt with in this paper. After studying potential noise sources in order to obtain a prognosis of the sound pressure levels with the help of empirical formulae for the specific noise sources encountered in purification plants—for example, cone aerators, bubble aeration, overflow weirs and Archimedial screws—the possibilities of making additional provisions for the reduction of noise from these sources will be discussed.New developments in the determination of the sound power level of splashing water produced by cone aerators and of the sound absorption of splashing water are described.Practical noise control provisions, resultant noise reduction and costs are discussed.