对滤纸灰烬周围金色成分的实验探究——氯化铜水解及氧化铜被炭还原的综合实验设计

设计和探究CuCl2水解产物,水解产物受热分解以及分解产物被炭还原的综合性实验,实验现象明显、直观,操作简单,教学效果良好。     

NH4Cl分解实验的改进

NH4Cl的分解实验很容易与单质碘的升华现象相混淆。本方案改用恒温加热和各用酸、碱吸收剂分别检验2种气态产物，再使分解产生的2种气体相接近，观察冒白烟现象，从而使学生认识到NH4Cl受热确实发生了分解和化合反应而与碘的升华和凝华截然不同。     

铬酸铵钠复盐结晶的热分解

采用TG-DTG、DTA和XRD对铬酸铵钠复盐结晶(NaNH4CrO4•2H2O)的热分解过程进行研究,结果表明NaNH4CrO4•2H2O的热分解过程分为三步进行,第一步是在50～95 ℃温度范围结晶水的脱除,第二步是在100～180 ℃的温度范围铵的初步热分解,产物为铬酸钠和重铬酸铵,第三步是215～385 ℃进行的铵的完全分解.存在生成重铬酸钠与生成三氧化二铬的竞争反应.在氨不易扩散的条件下,最终分解产物为三氧化二铬、重铬酸钠和铬酸钠的混合物;在流动气氛中,400～790 ℃温度范围,NaNH4CrO4•2H2O热分解产物为重铬酸钠.与传统的铬酸钠硫酸酸化生产重铬酸钠工艺相比,该方法无副产物产生,是一清洁工艺.     

对“氯化铵受热分解”实验的探讨

为了说明“受热时,氯化铵分解生成氨和氯化氢,冷却时,它们又重新结合成氯化铵”(高中化学(甲种本)第二册第41页)的性质,在中学、中师的化学课本中安排了“氯化铵受热分解”的实验,但是,按课本介绍的方法去做,不仅达不到实验目的,而且会产生氯化铵受热时升华,其蒸气遇冷凝华的错觉。     

不同粒度高氯酸铵的热分解研究

利用高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC), 热重法(TG), 固体原位红外联用法(Thermolysis/RSFT-IR)和热分析与质谱和红外联用法(Thermal analysis-MS-FTIR)研究了不同粒度高氯酸铵AP在1.0 MPa压强下和常压下的热分解过程, 提出了不同粒度AP可能的热分解机理. 研究结果表明, 不同粒度AP的高压和常压下的热分解历程存在明显的差异, 较大粒度AP的受热分解过程中存在明显的低温分解阶段和高温分解阶段, 小粒度的AP则仅存在明显的高温分解阶段. AP的分解气体产物主要包括NO2, NO, N2O, O2, H2O和HCl.     

碱金属碳酸盐受热不能分解为相应的金属氧化物和二氧化碳吗?

高一《化学》（1979年第一版）188页中的一段是这样叙述的：“……除碱金属和铵的碳酸盐外,其它碳酸盐受热分解为金属氧化物和二氧化碳”。我认为,除铵的碳酸盐外,碱金属碳酸盐受热分解为相应的金属氧化物和二氧化碳。     

油页岩热解过程矿物质行为分析

采用XRD、SEM、灰成分测定等方法对桦甸两个矿区的油页岩样品以及制备的半焦样品矿物质组成进行了分析,确认其主要成分均为,石英、方解石和黏土矿物。而半焦中矿物组成反映了油页岩中矿物质在热解中的变化。研究表明,在热解过程中油页岩中矿物质变化细微,其中,石英、长石没有变化;方解石有微量分解,生成的固体产物CaO与黄铁矿分解的硫反应生成CaS矿物;黏土矿物质受热脱除羟基,放出大量水分,同时分解产生的无定形玻璃体氧化硅与其他金属形成低熔点的共融物,导致部分半焦样品颗粒表面出现熔融态囊状结构。     

补充实验两则

高中化学(甲种本)第二册第二章第三节安排了“氯化钱受热分解”的实验。目的有二:一是明确氯化按受热时分解,生成氨和氯化氢气体;二是冷却时,这两种气体又重新结合成氯化铵。     

氯化铵受热分解的实验改进

高中化学(甲种本)第二册第二章第三节安排了“氯化钱受热分解”的实验。目的有二:一是明确氯化按受热时分解,生成氨和氯化氢气体;二是冷却时,这两种气体又重新结合成氯化钱。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定EVA发泡材料中的甲酰胺北大核心CSCD

乙烯-醋酸乙烯树脂(EVA)具有良好的发泡性能和优异的回弹耐老化性、耐龟裂性,因而广泛用于如地垫、鞋垫用发泡片材及其它发泡体如童车轮、隔音板、汽车零部件、缓踏板、体操垫、游艇防护板等[1]。然而EVA发泡材料常含有对人体有害的甲酰胺,其来源主要是发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺在受热发泡过程中分解产物甲酰胺的残留[2]。甲酰胺对人的皮肤黏膜和眼睛有刺激作用。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.