磁处理水蒸汽对驱油效率影响的研究

新疆有极其丰富的稠油资源，注蒸汽采油是一种世界上发展比较成熟、行之有效的新工艺。目前，蒸汽吞吐技术在克拉玛依油田已得到了广泛应用，蒸汽驱先导试验也取得了可喜的进展。为了通过多种途径提高采收率、降低汽油比，我们试图对注入井下的饱和水蒸汽磁化，利用水蒸汽磁处理后产生一定的磁效应，提高驱油效率。     

应用核磁共振进行聚驱后泡沫驱油特性研究

采用并联岩心进行聚驱后泡沫驱油实验,利用核磁共振技术,对驱替后岩心的不同直径孔隙内的流体分布进行了研究,得到了水驱、聚合物驱、泡沫驱替阶段的驱出油的孔径范围以及剩余油分布.实验结果表明,与水驱和聚合物驱相比,泡沫驱增大了波及的孔径的范围.泡沫可以在水驱和聚驱易发生窜流的大孔径通道形成封堵,从而波及到了水驱和聚驱未波及到的孔径,不但大幅度的提高了低渗岩心的采收率,也驱出了部分高渗岩心的小孔径的油.     

分子动力学模拟研究方解石表面润湿性反转机理

利用分子动力学模拟技术从分子尺度探究方解石表面润湿性反转机理.首先,研究方解石表面润湿性反转过程;而后,从原油分子-方解石表面与原油分子-原油分子/水分子相互作用两个方面系统揭示方解石表面润湿性反转机理.结果:(1)水分子能够驱离方解石表面弱吸附的非极性分子造成润湿性的改变,但不能驱离强吸附的极性分子使润湿性反转难以实现;(2)原油分子极性越强与方解石表面相互作用越强,极性分子与方解石表面之间主要为静电力,非极性分子与方解石表面之间主要为范德华力;(3)原油分子极性越相近分子之间的相互作用越强,分子极性相差越大分子之间的相互作用越弱.非极性分子之间主要是范德华力,极性分子之间主要是静电力;(4)原油分子在方解石表面和水分子的共同作用下形成乙酸-吡啶-水-甲苯-己烷的稳定吸附序列.本研究为靶向提高采收率技术的设计与应用提供理论基础.     

基于低场核磁共振技术的储层可动油饱和度测试新方法

在评价储层的可动用储量时,可动油饱和度是重要参考参数之一．为了准确测试储层的可动油饱和度,在借鉴可动流体饱和度测试方法的基础上,提出了通过结合低场核磁共振技术和油驱水、水驱油离心实验来测试可动油饱和度的新方法．选取马岭油田的24块岩样进行了可动油饱和度实验,实验结果表明：2.28 MPa、0.22 MPa分别是低渗砂岩油驱水和水驱油离心实验的合理离心力;24块岩样的可动油饱和度分布为17.06%~60.49%,平均为41.95%;可动油饱和度主要由0.5 mm以上的喉道控制,喉道半径越大,控制的可动油越多;可动油饱和度与渗透率的相关系数达到0.845,要好于与孔隙度的相关性．实验结果较符合目标区块的实际情况,证明了通过该新方法来测试岩心可动油饱和度是可行的,改进了仅根据油相T₂谱的左峰和右峰测试可动油饱和度的传统方法．     

超疏水聚合物表面的水滴蒸发模拟

基于质量守恒和Fick第一定律，模拟了水滴在超疏水聚合物表面的蒸发全过程．研究从以往的接触角<90±扩展到>150±，液滴形貌扩展为椭球球帽模型进行疏水表面蒸发模拟．水滴在超疏水PC和FPU/PMMA表面蒸发的实验结果显示，计算的椭球球帽模型可以更好的反映出液滴接触角和高度的变化情况，并且不同聚合物表面接触角的相同变化趋势也揭示出微-纳二级结构表面结构不仅影响液滴接触角，也影响液滴蒸发模式．     

多孔介质中非等温互溶流体驱替过程的格子Boltzmann研究

利用格子Boltzmann方法,在孔隙尺度上对多孔介质内非等温混溶驱替过程进行数值研究,定量分析温度粘性膨胀系数（β_T）以及路易斯数（Le）对界面不稳定性和驱替效率的影响.结果表明：随着β_T的增大,界面不稳定性增强,驱替效率降低.当β_T>0时,随着Le的增大,界面不稳定性减弱,驱替流体与被驱替流体之间的界面趋于平缓,指尖残余率减小,驱替效率增大.当β_T<0时,Le对于驱替效率的影响相反.     

分段表面放电沉积效率研究

利用一种结构紧凑的分段表面放电辐射源模块，详细研究了在不同电压、电容、气压实验条件下回路等效电阻、等效电感及放电能量沉积效率的变化规律，利用四分幅相机拍摄获得了不同实验条件下的放电等离子体通道图像，分析讨论了放电等离子体运动对放电能量沉积效率的影响，提出了提高能量放电沉积效率的有效途径。     

分段表面放电沉积效率研究

利用一种结构紧凑的分段表面放电辐射源模块,详细研究了在不同电压、电容、气压实验条件下回路等效电阻、等效电感及放电能量沉积效率的变化规律,利用四分幅相机拍摄获得了不同实验条件下的放电等离子体通道图像,分析讨论了放电等离子体运动对放电能量沉积效率的影响,提出了提高能量放电沉积效率的有效途径。     

分段表面放电沉积效率研究

 利用一种结构紧凑的分段表面放电辐射源模块，详细研究了在不同电压、电容、气压实验条件下回路等效电阻、等效电感及放电能量沉积效率的变化规律，利用四分幅相机拍摄获得了不同实验条件下的放电等离子体通道图像，分析讨论了放电等离子体运动对放电能量沉积效率的影响，提出了提高能量放电沉积效率的有效途径。     

密度泛函理论研究KA油在氧化钨表面上的吸附分离

环己烷氧化生成环己酮和环己醇(产物合称KA油)是重要的工业反应,其产物环己酮可作为化学工业中重要的中间体,广泛的用于生产尼龙-6.然而,环己醇和环己酮沸点接近难以分离,因此开发有效分离KA油的材料受到科学工作者的广泛关注.本文基于密度泛函理论计算,研究KA油在干净和有机物修饰的氧化钨材料上的吸附能和吸附构型;通过差分密度电荷和态密度计算,揭示了主-客体吸附过程中的电荷转移特性;研究结果发现使用硅烷修饰后的氧化钨材料对环己醇吸附性能更好;而使用硅醚修饰后对环己酮有更强的吸附能力.该理论研究工作为实验提供了理论依据,缩短了研发分离KA油新材料的时间,节省了人力和资源等成本.     

植物叶片润湿性与光谱反射偏振度关系研究

城市绿化植物由于其滞尘能力能够有效改善城市大气环境,滞尘能力的主要影响因素是其表面特性和润湿性。植物叶片表面的润湿性和偏振反射特性都与表面粗糙度相关,因此以粗糙度为结点,探究植物表面润湿性与偏振反射光谱的关系,利用偏振反射特性对植物叶片润湿性进行快速无损监测。以长春市常见的八种绿色植物叶片为研究对象,利用Kruss DSA 100液滴形状分析系统测量其表面接触角,利用多角度光谱测量装置测量其在不同探测天顶角上的偏振反射光谱,探讨了润湿性能在400～1 000 nm波段对植物叶片不同探测天顶角上偏振度的影响。通过相关分析确定八种植物叶片的特征波段,并在特征波段对偏振度随探测天顶角的变化程度与润湿性的关系之间进行定量分析。结果表明,在特征波段(700±10) nm处,偏振度随着探测天顶角的变化程度θ₀与接触角距离100°的偏差值θ具有很强的相关性,可决系数R2为0.82,说明偏振度随探测天顶角的变化程度θ₀可以反映植物叶片的润湿性,可以利用偏振反射特性对植物叶片润湿性进行分析,研究成果将对今后城市绿化物种的选择提供可行性建议。     

粗糙表面形貌对湿润性的影响

采用自仿射分形对粗糙表面形貌进行了定量描述。基于分形粗糙表面形貌,建立了粗糙表面润湿性的理论模型并进行了数值计算,分析讨论了均方根粗糙度和表面分形维数对接触角的影响。研究结果表明,均方根粗糙度对接触角的影响较大,而粗糙表面的分形维数对润湿性的影响则并不明显。     

Wettability and surface energy of parylene F deposited on PDMS

For the first time, the wettability and surface energy of parylene F were investigated. The results showed that parylene F had a hydrophobic surface with an eigen water contact angle of 104.7 ± 0.6°. We found that 3.5 μl probe liquid was an optimal value for the contact angle measurement of parylene F. Moreover, we found that the Lifshitz–van der Waals/acid–base approach was unsuitable for determining the surface energy of parylene F, whereas the Owens–Wendt–Kaelble approach and the limitless liquid–solid interface wetting system were compatible. The surface energy of parylene F was estimated to be 27.06 mJ/m² (Owens–Wendt–Kaelble) and 40.41 mJ/m² (Limitless liquid-solid interface wetting system). Furthermore, this investigation also provided a reference for the applications of empirical and physics-based semi-empirical approaches for the estimation of surface energy.     

Surface energy and hybridization studies of amorphous carbon surfaces

Surface properties of a large number of amorphous carbon (a-C) films have been investigated using contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Dense a-C surfaces with variable sp³/(sp² + sp³) average hybridization were grown using sputtering or pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and were further chemically modified by thermal annealing, ion bombardment or covalent grafting of organic monolayers. The average carbon hybridization, impurity level and mass density, were deduced from XPS and photoelectron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS). The depth sensitivity of the dispersive (Lifshitz–van der Waals) interaction, estimated at 1–2 nm from the dependence of γ^LW on the grafted perflorodecene molecule coverage, is much better than XPS which probes a 3–5 nm depth. The observation of a non-monotonic behavior in the correlation between surface hybridization and electron donor component of surface energy reveals that the average carbon hybridization alone does not describe the entire surface energy physics. The role of π bond clustering in the polar interactions is thus considered and some implications on surface reactivity and mutual interactions with molecular or biomolecular species are discussed.     

Surface texturing of polytetrafluoroethylene by hot embossing

In this study, hot embossing by reusable Ni mold with features in the form of rectangular diffraction gratings of 4 μm period was successfully employed for surface texturing of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film above the glass transition temperature of PTFE amorphous phase with the aim to enhance surface hydrophobicity. Imprint pressure was set to 0.5 MPa and it was at least tenfold lower than reported by other authors using cold stamping. Embossed gratings were clearly seen on the surface of all imprinted samples even after the annealing at 140 °C and aging for 1 month at room temperature. The best results were achieved when imprint temperature was 150 °C. Measurements of the water contact angle on imprinted PTFE surfaces have showed that increase of the average contact angle for the current test setup was 8°. Using imprint stamp with the more favorable features may lead to somewhat higher hydrophobicity.     

激光反射法测量弯曲液面特性

发现了弯曲液面上边界反射光场的带状暗场扩张效应.当平行激光束垂直入射到由平板润湿效应引起的弯曲液面上时，边界反射产生特殊的反射图样，图样的中间为带状暗场，两侧有清晰的衍射条纹，并且带状暗场宽度随入射光束宽度的缩小而迅速变大.分析了反射图样的带状暗场宽度与入射光束宽度的解析关系，得出了弯曲液面的斜率曲线和高度曲线.建立了一种利用弯曲液面边界反射的暗场扩张效应来实时测量液面特性的新方法.     

ICP-AES测定三元复合驱采出液中硅含量分析研究与应用

应用ICP-AES测定三元复合驱采出液中硅含量,选用Thermo Elemental ICAP 6300型电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪,选择251.6nm谱线,测得方法检出限为0.0111mg.L-1,加标回收率为91.0%—100.6%,相对标准偏差为0.58%,方法精密度、准确度较高,检测线性范围宽。该方法操作简便,测定速度较快,共存干扰元素少。当采出液中表面活性剂浓度在500mg/L以下时,对检测结果基本没有影响;矿化度较高的油田水及聚合物浓度大小对测定有影响,但经过处理后都能满足检测要求。可应用于三元复合驱采出液中硅含量的测定。     

Relationship between sliding acceleration of water droplets and dynamic contact angles on hydrophobic surfaces

This study measured sliding acceleration of water droplets on hydrophobic solid surfaces and used expanding and contracting method to compare that value with dynamic contact angles. Sliding action of the droplet was classified into three motion categories: constant accelerated motion, constant velocity and stasis. Differences exist in the dependencies of contact radius and the injection-suction rate in dynamic contact angle hysteresis according to these categories. This method is an effective indicator of water droplets’ sliding acceleration.     

细菌视紫红质的自衍射效率与最佳入射角研究

研究了弱光强下细菌视紫红质膜(bR膜)的自衍射特性.给出了弱光强下相干光在bR膜中产生的振幅光栅光强分布模型,并用ysinαx近似表示透射光强分布,结果与实验吻合.给出了不同透射光强y与指数α的对应关系.结果表明,在bR膜及入射光波波长给定的情况下,入射光强越小,对应的α值越大,当入射光强为0.072/T(mW/cm2)时,α等于1.计算出不同入射光强和入射角下的自衍射效率.结果发现,对应于最大衍射效率的最佳入射角为2°.     

Study on the hydrophobic surfaces prepared by two-step sol-gel process

In this study, the two-step sol-gel process was used to prepare hydrophobic coating films on the glass substrates. The first step was to add hydrogen chloride into TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) solution, and then the second step was to add ammonia into the above reacted solution. We adopted different amount of hydrogen chloride and ammonia to control the sol-gel reaction and observed the change of the viscosity, gelatin period of the solution and contact angles of the coating films. By this method, we created a surface with roughness and then the hydroxyl groups were terminated by adding trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) to produce a hydrophobic coating layer. The amount of the acid, base and water added in the solution influenced the reaction rate and resulted in the aggregation and condensation of the particles to form rough surfaces. Consequently, the rough surfaces made by aggregation and condensation of the large particles, which were modified by TMCS resulted in higher contact angles (>140°). In this study, a surface with contact angle 150° was obtained.