金沙江某水电站上下坝址岩体卸荷差异研究

油水乳化渗流是三元复合驱和热力采油过程中常见的现象,地层介质的微观 孔隙结构特征对乳状液流动有着重要影响. 现有描述乳状液渗流的理论模型都属于确定性方 法,只能反映出介质孔隙结构的体积平均效果. 当介质内部微观非均质性相比其尺寸不能被 忽略时,采用确定性方法描述会与实验结果存在偏差. 基于连续时间随机游走理论建立 了描述乳状液渗流的随机理论模型. 该模型引入反映液滴微观运动特征的跃迁时间和跃迁位 移两个概率分布函数来反映多孔介质微观非均质特征. 研究结果表明该模型能很好地刻画 实验曲线中出现的与介质尺度相关的拖尾现象,可作为更一般的过滤模型.     

基于规则网络的碳酸盐岩多尺度网络模型构建方法研究

碳酸盐岩油藏非均质性强,孔隙大小变化可达好几个数量级,描述碳酸盐岩油藏多尺度孔隙特征具有重要意义.本文首先基于三维规则网络模型建立了不同物理尺寸的溶洞网络、大孔隙网络和微孔隙网络;然后提出一种耦合算法,以溶洞网络为基础,通过添加适当比例的大孔隙和微孔隙,构建出碳酸盐岩多尺度网络模型;最后对比分析了各网络模型的几何性质、拓扑性质和绝对渗透率.结果表明,碳酸盐岩多尺度网络模型能够同时描述不同尺度孔隙的几何和拓扑特征;且相比各单一尺度的孔隙网络模型,多尺度网络模型有着较高的绝对渗透率,这是由于各尺度孔隙之间的相互连通极大地提高了网络的整体连通性和流动能力,为碳酸盐岩油藏微观渗流模拟提供了重要的研究平台.     

孔隙网络模型在渗流力学研究中的应用

孔隙网络模型广泛地用于同多孔介质有关的微观模拟中. 本文简介了利用网络模型研究储层渗流规律的基本思想、主要步骤以及网络模型同其它微观模型相比较的优缺点, 总结了在微观渗流研究中使用的两大类网络模型(准静态网络模型和动态网络模型)的特征及其适用范围, 综述了目前网络模型在研究渗流中的应用现状以及国内外研究比较活跃的几个方面,最后分析了网络模型今后的发展趋向.      

多重介质渗流研究进展

从已发现的油气田来看,裂缝性油气田通常都是大油气田,其储量很大,单井产量每天数百吨到上万吨不等,经济价值极高。油、气、水在裂缝性孔隙介质中的流动特征与一般孔隙介质的特征有本质上的差异:各重介质问液量交换性,多重介质的非均质性以及各向异性等.因此,研究多重介质渗流有较大的理论和实际意义。      

露天矿边坡饱和渗透系数随机场数值模型研究

为分析强降雨入渗及渗透系数空间变异性对闭坑露天矿边坡渗流场的影响程度,基于非饱和渗流理论和随机场理论,采用非侵入式随机方法,通过FISH语言编写非饱和区单元饱和度、渗透系数与基质吸力的修正函数,建立饱和-非饱和渗流随机场模型,开展强降雨作用的高大陡深岩质边坡渗流特征研究。研究结果表明,修正饱和-非饱和渗流随机场模型能够准确地描述露天矿边坡的降雨入渗过程。且降雨入渗主要影响到露天矿边坡浅层渗流场。随降雨持时变化,在坡面与地下水位线之间形成包围的且逐渐缩小的非饱和区。坡面最早出现暂态饱和区且厚度逐渐增加,但增幅逐渐放缓。同时坡面点孔隙水压力最早达到稳定值零,离坡面越远的点孔隙水压力达到稳定值零的用时会越长。该结论可为闭坑露天矿边坡的地质灾害风险预测提供参考意义。     

混凝土梁三点弯曲断裂模式转变的近场动力学模拟

混凝土结构的宏观损伤开裂与其非均质微观结构紧密相关。底部带切口的混凝土梁在进行三点弯曲破坏时,随着切口的位置由梁中向梁边转移,裂纹由从切口处萌生并生长转变为从梁的中部萌生。本文采用半均质化近场动力学（IH-PD）模型和全均质化近场动力学（FH-PD）模型,分别对混凝土梁三点弯断裂问题进行模拟研究。IH-PD模型根据混凝土中骨料体积分数随机生成不同键的组合方式,将微观尺度的非均质性引入模型,无需详细描绘骨料形状和分布即可考虑混凝土非均质性。本文将IH-PD与FH-PD模型得到的断裂模式随切口位置的变化关系,与实验结果对比,分析微观结构对混凝土梁开裂的影响;基于非均质材料特征尺寸与IH-PD模型网格参数的相关性,模拟骨料大小对混凝土梁断裂模式的影响;另外,通过在IH-PD模型中设置预损伤的方式引入随机分布的孔隙,探讨孔隙率对混凝土断裂模式的影响。     

渗流气体滑脱现象与渗透率变化的关系

气体在致密多孔介质中低速渗流时存在着因气体分子碰撞岩壁而引起的滑脱现象，它由介质的孔隙结构和气体分子的平均自由程共同决定。该现象使气测渗透率大于孔隙介质的绝对渗透率。介质中气体的低速渗流为黏滞流与滑脱流组成，各自所占比例与气体分子按自由程的分布有关。理论计算得到了低速气体渗流的气测渗透率Kg与绝对渗透率K0比值的关系式，实验结果与理论分析吻合。     

页岩气在超低渗介质中的渗流行为

基于页岩气藏复杂孔隙结构和页岩气在纳米孔隙表面的滑脱和吸附-解吸附等现象,通过引入表观渗透率,修正Darcy渗流模型,得到了页岩气渗流本构方程. 将计算结果与Darcy模型计算结果进行了比照,结果表明,在产量定常情形下,基于非Darcy渗流模型得到的井底压力高于Darcy流结果; Darcy流模型得到的压力衰减速度较快,改进后的渗流模型更能准确描述与表征页岩气渗流过程;研究结果可为页岩气藏的经营与管理提供基础参数.      

海陆过渡相页岩气藏不稳定渗流数学模型

海陆过渡相页岩常与煤层和砂岩呈互层状产出, 储层连续性较差、横向变化快、非均质性强, 水力压裂技术是其获得经济产量的关键手段. 然而, 目前缺乏有效的海陆过渡相页岩气藏不稳定渗流数学模型, 对其渗流特征分析及储层参数评价不利. 针对这一问题, 首先建立海陆过渡相页岩气藏压裂直井渗流数学模型, 其次采用径向复合模型来反映强非均质性, 采用Langmuir等温吸附方程来描述气体的解吸和吸附, 分别采用双重孔隙模型和边界元模型模拟天然裂缝和水力裂缝, 建立并求解径向非均质的页岩气藏压裂直井不稳定渗流数学模型, 分析海陆过渡相页岩气藏不稳定渗流特征, 并进行数值模拟验证和模型分析应用. 分析结果表明, 海陆过渡相页岩气藏不稳定渗流特征包括流动早期阶段、双线性流、线性流、内区径向流、页岩气解吸、内外过渡段、外区径向流及边界控制阶段. 将本模型应用在海陆过渡相页岩气试井过程中, 实际资料拟合效果较好, 其研究成果可为同类页岩气藏的压裂评价提供一些理论支撑, 具有较好应用前景.      

基于Hansbo渗流的圆柱土样Biot固结分析

诸多黏性土渗流试验表明,在低水力梯度下渗流会出现明显偏离Darcy定律的现象.为了分析渗流的非Darcy特性对固结过程的影响,引入Hansbo渗流方程描述圆柱土样内的渗流,重新推导轴对称条件下的Biot固结方程,并给出方程的Crank--Nicolson有限差分格式.通过与Darcy渗流条件下轴对称Biot固结方程解析解的对比,验证计算方法的有效性.然后分析Hansbo模型参数对圆柱土样固结过程的影响.计算结果表明:与Darcy渗流相比,Hansbo渗流会延缓圆柱土样的固结过程.随着Hansbo渗流参数m或I1的增大,在固结前期,Mandel--Cryer效应会更加显著,即孔隙水压力峰值将提高,且达到该峰值的时间会延迟;在固结中后期,孔压消散滞后的现象也更加明显.不过,Hansbo渗流对位移的影响很小.     

Dynamic Network Model of Mobility Control in Emulsion Flow Through Porous Media

Modeling the flow of emulsion in porous media is extremely challenging due to the complex nature of the associated flows and multiscale phenomena. At the pore scale, the dispersed phase size can be of the same order of magnitude of the pore length scale and therefore effective viscosity models do not apply. A physically meaningful macroscopic flow model must incorporate the transport of the dispersed phase through the porous material and the changes on flow resistance due to drop deformation as it flows through pore throats. In this work, we present a dynamic capillary network model that uses experimentally determined pore-level constitutive relationships between flow rate and pressure drop in constricted capillaries to obtain representative transient macroscopic flow behavior emerging from microscopic emulsion flow at the pore level. A parametric analysis is conducted to study the effect of dispersed phase droplet size and capillary number on the flow response to both emulsion and alternating water/emulsion flooding in porous media. The results clearly show that emulsion flooding changes the continuous-phase mobility and consequently flow paths through the porous media, and how the intensity of mobility control can be tuned by the emulsion characteristics.     

Effect of Organosilicon-Acrylic Emulsion Treatment on Wettability of Porous Media

To investigate the influence of the organosilicon-acrylic on wetting properties of porous media, contact angle tests were performed on two different sandstones. In addition, the effectiveness of the emulsion on wettability alteration of porous media was validated by capillary rise and spontaneous imbibition tests. The results of wettability tests showed that the wettability of two sandstones was altered from water-wet to gas-wet after treatment with the emulsion. The principle that the critical radius of pore throats and wettability of porous media affect liquids flow was derived analytically and verified experimentally. Coreflood results demonstrated that the latex resulted in increasing the water permeability through altering the rock wettability to gas-wetting, then decreasing the friction drag between liquids and rocks surface. Thereby, the emulsion treatment could increase the flowback rate of trapped liquids. Experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. In conclusion, all results indicated that the emulsion could alter the wettability from water-wet to intermediate gas-wet and enhance water permeability in porous media. It was extrapolated that the emulsion had the tremendous potential to be applied in field conditions, enhancing gas productivity through the cleanup of trapped water in the vicinity of the wellbore.     

基于蒙特卡罗随机有限元方法的随机多孔介质内流体自然对流不确定性研究

为分析孔隙率不确定性对多孔介质方腔内自然对流换热的影响,发展了一种基于KL（Karhunen-Loeve展开）-蒙特卡罗随机有限元算法的随机多孔介质内自然对流不确定性分析数理模型及有限元数值模拟程序框架。通过K-L展开及基于拉丁抽样法生成多孔介质孔隙率随机实现,并耦合多孔介质自然对流有限元程序,进行随机多孔介质内自然对流传热数值模拟,得出了多孔介质内流场与温度场平均值与标准偏差,并分析了孔隙率不确定性条件下Da数对Nu数的影响。结果表明,孔隙率不确定性对多孔介质方腔内自然对流有重要影响。随机多孔介质内流场及温度场与确定性条件下的流场及温度场存在一定偏差,Nu数标准偏差随着Da的增大先增大后减小。     

Pore Scale and Macroscopic Displacement Mechanisms in Emulsion Flooding

The flow properties of complex fluids through porous media give rise to multiphase flow displacement mechanisms that operate at different scales, from pore-level to Darcy scale. Experiments have shown that injection of oil-in-water emulsions can be used as an effective enhanced-oil recovery (EOR) method, leading to substantial increase in the volume of oil recovered. Pore-scale flow visualization as well as core flooding results available in the literature have demonstrated that the enhanced recovery factor is regulated by the capillary number of the flow. However, the mechanisms by which additional oil is displaced during emulsion injection are still not clear. In this work, we carried out two different experiments to evaluate the effect of emulsion flooding both at pore and macro scales. Visualization of the flow through sand packed between transparent plexiglass parallel plates shows that emulsion flooding improves the pore-level displacement efficiency, leading to lower residual oil saturation. Oil recovery results during emulsion flooding in tertiary mode (after waterflooding) in parallel sandstone cores with very different absolute permeability values prove that emulsion flooding also leads to enhancement of conformance or volumetric sweep efficiency. Combined, the results presented here show that injection of emulsion offers multiscale mechanisms resulting from capillary-driven mobility control.     

基于侵入混沌多项式法的随机多孔介质内顺磁性流体热磁对流不确定度量化

目前流体流动与传热问题的研究大都基于确定性工况条件,而现实流体流动与传热问题中存在着大量不确定性因素,计算流体力学的不确定性量化提供了一种理解流体物性、边界条件与初始条件等不确定性因素对模拟结果影响的能力.为揭示随机多孔介质内顺磁性流体热磁对流的传播规律与演化特征,本文发展了一种基于侵入式多项式混沌展开法的热磁对流不确...     

关于渗流中流线不封闭的特性和条件

本文对于流体在多孔介质中流动的特性进行理论研究和数值计算，提出两个关于渗流中流线不封闭的特性和条件，得到了在一般工程实际情况中的多孔介质区域内部不存在封闭流线的结论。本文以突变截面圆管中不可压缩渗流为算例，利用半人工瞬变方法进行数值计算，得到流体在充满多孔介质的突扩截面圆管和突缩截面圆管中流动时关于速度分布和压力分布的结果。由此表明，在突变截面附近的渗流区域中不存在回流和分离流，也不存在封闭的流线。渗流的这些流动特性不同于在无多孔介质的空间区域中的流动特性。     

ON FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA

渗流是流体在多孔介质中的流动,渗流现象广泛地存在于自然界、工程材料、动物、植物中。多孔介质种类繁多,包括岩石(含各类矿藏)、土壤、生物材料和人工多孔介质材料等。渗流理论已经成为人类开发地下水、地热、石油、天然气、煤炭与煤层气等诸多地下资源的重要理论基础。本文从渗流的基本概念、渗流的分类、渗流的影响因素、渗流的特征以及渗流的研究意义等方面进行了阐述。     

聚合物流体渗流机理研究

聚合物流体在多孔介质中渗流的研究是近年来有重大进展的领域。本文介绍从力学与物理方法进行渗流机理研究的思路、主要结果和当前活跃的研究课题。流体的非牛顿性对复杂边界条件下均匀流体力学效应的影响已得到了较好的定量处理;揭示了拉伸流粘弹特性对渗流影响的机理,其定量描述则尚有待努力。进而讨论了石油工程中十分重要的非均一流体渗流的新进展,包括大分子效应与粘性指进效应及其分形描述。对于上述物理效应的综合考虑将使聚合物渗流力学研究进入新的阶段。      

Mesoscopic Modeling of Capillarity-Induced Two-Phase Transport in a Microfluidic Porous Structure

Mesoscopic modeling at the pore scale offers great promise in exploring the underlying structure transport performance of flow through porous media. The present work studies the fluid flow subjected to capillarity-induced resonance in porous media characterized by different porous structure and wettability. The effects of porosity and wettability on the displacement behavior of the fluid flow through porous media are discussed. The results are presented in the form of temporal evolution of percentage saturation and displacement of the fluid front through porous media. The present study reveals that the vibration in the form of acoustic excitation could be significant in the mobilization of fluid through the porous media. The dependence of displacement of the fluid on physicochemical parameters like wettability of the surface, frequency along with the porosity is analyzed. It was observed that the mean displacement of the fluid is more in the case of invading fluid with wetting phase where the driving force strength is not so dominant.     

Stochastic Finite Element Analysis for Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media

This study is concerned with developing a two-dimensional multiphase model that simulates the movement of NAPL in heterogeneous aquifers. Heterogeneity is dealt with in a probabilistic sense by modeling the intrinsic permeability of the porous medium as a stochastic process. The deterministic finite element method is used to spatially discretize the multiphase flow equations. The intrinsic permeability is represented in the model via its Karhunen–Loeve expansion. This is a computationally expedient representation of stochastic processes by means of a discrete set of random variables. Further, the nodal unknowns, water phase saturations and water phase pressures, are represented by their stochastic spectral expansions. This representation involves an orthogonal basis in the space of random variables. The basis consists of orthogonal polynomial chaoses of consecutive orders. The relative permeabilities of water and oil phases, and the capillary pressure are expanded in the same manner, as well. For these variables, the set of deterministic coefficients multiplying the basis in their expansions is evaluated based on constitutive relationships expressing the relative permeabilities and the capillary pressure as functions of the water phase saturations. The implementation of the various expansions into the multiphase flow equations results in the formulation of discretized stochastic differential equations that can be solved for the deterministic coefficients appearing in the expansions representing the unknowns. This method allows the computation of the probability distribution functions of the unknowns for any point in the spatial domain of the problem at any instant in time. The spectral formulation of the stochastic finite element method used herein has received wide acceptance as a comprehensive framework for problems involving random media. This paper provides the application of this formalism to the problem of two-phase flow in a random porous medium.