A planar subharmonically-pumped 71 GHz receiver with integral feed antenna

A planar, subharmonically-pumped, hybrid millimeter-wave receiver with integral antenna is described. Coplanar waveguide filters are used to isolate the ports and provide image enhancement. The integral planar antenna has 12 dB gain and is suited for use as a feed. The main lobe is normal to the substrate surface. The receiver is designed for an instantaneous bandwidth of 10 GHz. Experiments at 71 GHz indicate single-sideband mixer conversion loss of 6.5 dB. We believe that this represents the highest level of integration yet demonstrated in this frequency range.     

A Ku-BAND WAVEGUIDE FREQUENCY MULTIPLIER USING HARMONIC-REJECTION MICROSTRIP PATCH TRANSITIONS

A compact frequency multiplier waveguide module is built by placing a planar microstrip section between two rectangular waveguides. The size of the microstrip section is minimized by eliminating all harmonic band-rejection filters. Special feed locations for the input waveguide-to-microstrip transition patches provide the second-harmonic rejection at the input, and a balanced circuit configuration formed with a pair of transistors produces the pump signal cancellation at the output. The measurements on a fully-assembled waveguide module showed a peak frequency conversion gain of-2.3 dB at 16.7 GHz with the associated output power level of 6 dBm.     

A broadband asymmetric microwave metamaterial based on LC and standing-wave resonances

Three metamaterial samples were simulated, numerically analyzed, and fabricated with different resonator lengths on similar unit cells. According to the results in addition to conventional LC resonance of the resonator, standing wave resonance was also observed within the resonator-dielectric-grounded back wire waveguide. We observed that the orientation of the sides of this waveguide relative to the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave has a direct effect on the resonant frequency. The best asymmetric shape of the resonator with the minimum reflection coefficient in a wide frequency range of about 5.5 GHz with only 3% of reflection was introduced. According to the results, metamaterial polarizers and optical filters can be produced based on the standing wave resonances.     

Optical properties of the two-port resonant tunneling filters in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

We have designed and fabricated two types of two-port resonant tunneling filters with a triangular air-hole lattice in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs.In order to improve the filtering efficiency,a feedback method is introduced by closing the waveguide.It is found that the relative position between the closed waveguide boundary and the resonator has an important impact on the dropping efficiency.Based on our analyses,two different types of filters are designed.The transmission spectra and scattering-light far-field patterns are measured,which agree well with theoretical prediction.In addition,the resonant filters are highly sensitive to the size of the resonant cavities,which are useful for practical applications.     

圆波导TM_(01)-TE_(11)模式变换器

提出了一种在圆波导中添加金属分割片及半边金属管壳的结构以实现圆波导TM01-TE11模式转换。通过金属分割片将圆波导分成两个半圆区域:其中一个半圆区域为空波导,另一半圆区域为填充一定厚度金属管壳的空波导。在S波段对设计的中心频率为2.8GHz的物理模型进行数值模拟与实验研究,模拟结果表明:在中心频率2.8GHz转换效率为99.56%,反射率低于0.01;在2.716～2.946GHz频带内转换效率大于90%,S11小于-10dB。实验中测试到的S11参数与模拟结果基本一致,证明了该变换器技术方案的可行性和模拟结果的正确性。     

220 GHz 折叠波导慢波结构

 优化设计了一种220 GHz的折叠波导慢波结构的尺寸,对其冷测特性如色散、耦合阻抗和衰减进行了分析。理论分析和软件仿真结果表明设计的折叠波导慢波结构在中心频率处具有较平缓的色散关系,较高的耦合阻抗和较低的电路衰减。互作用模拟表明,在电子注电压为20 kV,电流为10 mA时,27 mm（50个周期）的折叠波导慢波结构在220 GHz具有14.5 dB的增益,3 dB带宽为16.3 GHz（211.9～228.2 GHz）。     

同轴转弯波导的设计与实验研究

提出了一种同轴转弯波导。介绍了该同轴转弯波导的基本原理,设计并数值模拟了中心频率为4.0 GHz的同轴转弯波导,并对此同轴转弯波导进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:同轴转弯波导在中心频率4.0 GHz下,传输损耗约为0.17 dB,驻波系数为1.2;在3.8~4.2 GHz的频率范围内传输损耗小于0.2 dB,驻波系数小于1.25。同轴转弯波导内部无介质支撑,且体积小,结构简单,易于实现,适用于高功率微波馈线系统中的同轴波导的转弯和连接。     

螺旋波导压缩频率调制脉冲的初步研究

利用螺旋波导对频率调制脉冲进行压缩可大幅度提高脉冲峰值功率。利用所编Matlab程序对螺旋波导的色散特性进行了计算和分析,获得了波纹幅度和纵向周期长度等结构参数对其色散特性的影响规律;给出了脉冲功率压缩比的计算公式,对不同脉宽和频带宽度、不同频率调制形式的微波脉冲通过螺旋波导后的功率压缩比进行了计算和分析。计算表明:脉冲的频率调制形式对功率压缩比影响较大;相同频率调制形式下,脉冲长度越长,工作频带越宽,功率压缩比越高。为了获得尽可能高的功率压缩比,需对脉冲的频率变化方式进行调节,使其与螺旋波导色散特性匹配。同时还需要在高的功率压缩比和高的压缩效率之间做出权衡。计算得到,当注入脉冲的脉宽为40ns、工作频带为8.8~9.5GHz、频率调制形式与螺旋波导色散特性匹配时,功率压缩比达到了15,压缩效率约为40%。     

Phase constant peculiarities of cylindrical zero-index anisotropic metamaterial waveguide

Here, we present the phase constant dependencies of propagating eigenmodes of an open cylindrical anisotropic metamaterial waveguide when the metamaterial permittivity and permeability tensor components may accept values close or equal to zero. Dispersion characteristics of rod and hollow-core waveguides with the radii 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mm at the left-handed polarization of the microwave are shown here. There are unusual shapes of eigenmode dispersion characteristics and anomalous sectors of the characteristics at certain frequencies. The first eigenmode of the rod waveguide with the lowest cutoff frequency is a particularly important mode because it is a single one in the frequency range 1.0?C1.9 GHz, and some small variations on the frequency produce large changes in the phase constant. We can observe packages of dispersion characteristic branches when their cutoff frequencies closed to the metamaterial electric and magnetic plasma frequencies between 1.9 and 3.5 GHz. There are only three modes in the hollow core anisotropic metamaterial waveguide at the frequency range 1.4?C2.8 GHz.     

Instantaneous frequency measurement based on transversal microwave filters with high resolution

We propose a novel photonic technique for microwave frequency measurement based on transversal microwave filters with high resolution. Two parallel microwave filters with sine and cosine frequency responses are obtained by cross gain modulation in a single semiconductor optical amplifier, which introduces two different frequency responses to achieve an amplitude comparison function. We also demonstrate a proof- of-concept experiment. The measurement error is less than ±0.04 GHz for the first band range of 0–3.45 GHz and less than ±0.03 GHz for the second band range of 3.45–5.8 GHz. Our scheme is found to be capable of being extended for larger frequency range measurements using a shorter fiber length.     

Transmission characteristics of photonic crystal waveguides with stubs and their application to optical filters

We study the transmission characteristics of a photonic crystal waveguide with a single stub of a finite length and propose a double-stub waveguide structure for its application to optical filters. The proposed device operates as a Fabry-Perot interferometer and can be used as a broad bandstop filter and a narrow bandpass filter. These filters are inherently compact and their center frequency is given by the resonant frequency of the stub.     

高功率过模圆波导到两路矩形波导功分器

基于模式匹配法分析了高功率过模圆波导到两路矩形波导功分器在传输过程中高阶模式的传输和反射问题,分析得到了高传输效率对过模圆波导的要求,并以此仿真设计了中心频率为2.88GHz的功分器,设计结果表明:在中心频率下反射系数为0.05,对应的圆波导TM01模到矩形波导TE10模传输效率大于99%,真空中功率容量为2.83GW;在2.82~2.94GHz的频带范围内反射系数小于0.1,对应的传输效率大于98%。     

过模圆转弯波导的设计与实验

 研究了一种新型的过模圆转弯波导,可实现圆波导TM₀₁模的转弯传输。介绍了这种过模圆转弯波导的基本原理：即沿转弯平面插入一块金属板,将圆波导转换为两个半圆波导。圆波导TM₀₁模在半圆波导中转换为半圆波导TE₁₁模,经转弯传输后,重新将半圆波导TE₀₁模转换为圆波导TM₀₁模,从而实现圆波导TM₀₁模的转弯传输。基于这一原理设计了一个中心频率为2.856 GHz、转弯45°的过模圆转弯波导,并进行了数值模拟和实验研究。实验结果表明：其转弯半径为123.7 mm,转弯半径较小;在中心频点2.856 GHz处,传输损耗约为0.247 dB,驻波系数为1.217;在2.75～2.95 GHz的频率范围内传输损耗小于0.53 dB,驻波系数小于1.34。     

L/C双波段高功率微波同轴馈源的辐射特性

 设计了一种高功率微波双波段同轴馈源,从理论分析和数值仿真两方面进行了验证。它采用同轴结构馈电,C波段的工作中心频率为4.15 GHz,利用加入轴向波纹的圆波导结构馈电;L波段的工作中心频率为1.75 GHz,利用同轴波导馈电。通过调整外筒半径的大小,可有效抑制低频段高阶模的传输,同时径向波纹结构可有效改善高频段微波的辐射特性。利用模式匹配法和组合散射矩阵理论对馈源结构进行了分析,理论计算和数值仿真结果具有良好的一致性,所设计的双波段馈源结构紧凑,副瓣电平低,E面和H面方向图等化特性良好。     

Scaled model measurements of the sandwiched V-antenna

At frequencies above a few hundred GHz, waveguide mixer blocks become extremely difficult to build, so open structure feeds may be more appropriate. One promising planar antenna structure, which can easily be integrated with SIS junctions, is the sandwiched V-antenna. The antenna is completely enclosed in dielectric by placing it between substrate and superstrate blocks. Using a model scaled to a center frequency of 10 GHz, we investigated the beam pattern as a function of frequency, and measured its dependence on gaps between the super-and substrates. We plan to test the structure at a frequency of 345 GHz and to compare it with waveguide horn antennas for possible use in submillimeter astronomical receivers. The antenna patterns and analysis in this work are substantially more extensive than earlier published results.     

Experimental investigation of millimeter wave Gunn oscillator circuits in circular waveguides

Millimeter wave Gunn oscillator circuits using circular waveguides for 33–50 GHz and 75–110 GHz frequency bands are described. These oscillators are simpler to construct at millimeter wavelengths compared to the conventional rectangular waveguide circuits. The effect of various circuit parameters on the oscillator frequency and output power has been experimentally studied. The CW power and mechanical tuning range obtained from the circular waveguide Gunn oscillators are found to be comparable and sometimes even better than those obtained with conventional rectangular waveguide circuits using the same Gunn device.     

圆波导TM_(01)-矩形波导TE_(10)模式转换器

设计了一种高功率圆波导TM01-矩形波导TE10模式转换器,可以实现圆波导TM01模式与矩形波导TE10模式之间的相互转换。仿真结果表明:中心频率为9.7GHz时该模式转换器转换效率大于99.99%,回波损耗小于-40dB,转换效率大于90%时的带宽大于0.4GHz。调节底面短路圆波导长度可以实现模式转换器在9.2~10.1GHz范围内调谐(模式转换效率大于99%)。在圆波导和耦合段连接处引入倒角可有效降低场强,提高功率容量,注入功率0.7GW,其表面场强小于1 MV/cm。     

Research of sine waveguide slow-wave structure for a 220-GHz backward wave oscillator

A watt-class backward wave oscillator is proposed,using the concise sine waveguide slow-wave structure combined with a pencil electron beam to operate at 220 GHz.Firstly,the dispersion curve of the sine waveguide is calculated,then,the oscillation frequency and operating voltage of the device are predicted and the circuit transmission loss is calculated.Finally,the particle-in-cell simulation method is used to forecast its radiation performance.The results show that this novel backward wave oscillator can produce over 1-W continuous wave power output in a frequency range from 210 GHz to 230 GHz.Therefore,it will be considered as a very promising high-power millimeter-wave to terahertz-wave radiation source.     

Experimental evaluation of coplanar waveguide discontinuities

Design guidelines for conductor backed coplanar waveguide are reviewed. A range of coplanar waveguide discontinuities for use in a 44 GHz monolithic low noise amplifier and appropriate equivalent circuits are presented. The discontinuities are characterised over the frequency range 30–60 GHz. Details of the fabrication process for the test structures are also given.