循环伏安法研究天青A与dsDNA的相互作用

用循环伏安法研究了染料天青A(AA)与鲱鱼精DNA(dsDNA)在0.20 mol/L pH4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中的相互作用。AA在玻碳电极上分别于-0.134 V和-0.082 V(vs.SCE)有一个还原峰和相应的氧化峰。加入dsDNA后,AA的还原峰和氧化峰电流均明显减小,但电子转移系数和电极反应标准速率常数基本不变。AA与dsDNA相互作用生成了一种非电活性的超分子复合物。求得AA与dsDNA复合物的结合比为n(AA)∶n(DNA)=3∶1,结合常数β=2.51×1015。紫外-可见吸收光谱法结果与循环伏安法结果一致。     

用于DNA杂交检测的丝网印刷型生物传感器的研究

将单链DNA(ssDNA)固定到丝网印刷碳电极上构成电化学DNA传感器,采用电化学指示剂,建立DNA杂交的检测方法.Co(phen)33+电化学指示剂通过钴盐与配体邻菲罗啉络合制备,采用等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和核磁共振法(NMR)表征功能基团,采用循环伏安法(CV)分析指示剂的电化学特性,并以此为基础研究ssDNA在电极表面的固定及DNA杂交过程.本研究探讨了直接吸附、静电吸附与键合等3种ssD-NA在电极表面的固定方法,结果表明,静电吸附法和键合法具有较高的ssDNA固定量,采用静电吸附法固定探针的电极杂交目标DNA后,Co(phen)33+易于嵌入双链DNA (dsDNA)中,CV峰电流(ip)信号随目标DNA浓度增加.本研究采用静电吸附ssDNA的电极检测DNA杂交,实验表明,当探针固定液中ssDNA浓度为5 mg/L时,目标DNA浓度在6.65×10- 8～4.26× 10-6mol/L范围内,Co(phen)33+在dsDNA修饰电极上ip值与DNA浓度呈良好的线性关系,R2为0.9819.本研究为建立新的微生物分子分型手段提供了初步依据.     

丁二酮肟双核铜配合物与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

用电化学方法研究了丁二酮肟双核铜配合物[Cu2(Hdmg)4]与DNA的相互作用. 考察了pH、温度、离子强度和配合物浓度等因素对配合物与DNA相互作用的影响, 初步探讨了配合物与DNA相互作用的机理. 实验结果表明, 配合物与DNA的碱基结合形成非电活性物质, 使溶液中游离配合物的浓度降低, 配合物的峰电流减小. 单链DNA(ssDNA)充分暴露的碱基使其与配合物的结合能力大于双链DNA(dsDNA). Cu2(Hdmg)4与ssDNA和dsDNA的结合比分别为2:1和1:1, 结合常数分别为3.56×109和2.75×105.     

电化学DNA生物传感器定量检测根癌农杆菌终止子基因片段

通过自组装法及共价法固定单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA),制备了电化学DNA生物传感器。将巯基丙酸(MPA)自组装于金电极表面形成单分子膜,再利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)的活化作用将ssDNA探针序列固定于金电极表面。将ssDNA修饰的电极与待测溶液中人工合成的转基因食品中常有的根癌农杆菌终止子(NOS)基因片段进行杂交,在[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-溶液中进行循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱扫描,表征ssDNA固定及杂交过程。优化了ssDNA固定条件。待测溶液中DNA浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-10mol/L范围时,其浓度的对数值和ssDNA/Au电极与dsDNA/Au电极峰电流差值的变化值呈线性相关关系,相关系数为0.9822,检出限为8.1×10-11mol/L。     

灯盏花素与DNA相互作用的电化学及吸收光谱研究

用电化学方法研究了灯盏花素与DNA的相互作用,考察了扫速对灯盏花素与DNA相互作用的影响,实验表明,DNA存在使灯盏花素氧化峰的电位正移,灯盏花素的氧化峰峰电流减小,灯盏花素335 nm吸收光谱的吸收峰降低,呈减色效应,且出现2个等电吸收点,说明灯盏花素与DNA的相互作用以嵌插作用为主。双链DNA(dsDNA)与灯盏花素的结合能力大于DNA(ssDNA),结合比为3:1,结合常数β为3.63×10¹³。     

苯甲酸二聚铜配合物与DNA相互作用的电化学研究及应用

采用电化学法对自行合成的苯甲酸二聚铜配合物[Cu(R)2]与鲑鱼精DNA的相互作用进行了研究。配合物在0.197 V和0.162 V处有一对氧化还原峰。加入双链DNA(dsDNA)后,氧化还原峰电流明显降低且式量电位正移,说明苯甲酸二聚铜配合物与DNA以嵌入方式生成一种非电活性超分子复合物,导致苯甲酸二聚铜配合物的峰电流降低,峰电流在一定范围内与鲑鱼精dsDNA质量浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为3.0×10-2~4.5×10-3mg/L,检出限为3.5×10-4mg/L。同时,以[Cu(R)2]作杂交指示剂,把一种新型发夹结构锁核酸探针(LNA)固定在金电极表面制备了电化学生物传感器,将该修饰电极与人工合成的慢性粒细胞白血病BCR/ABL融合基因片段进行杂交,用差示伏安法进行检测,该铜配合物能够较好地区分探针序列、单碱基错配序列和互补链序列。     

碳纤维微电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

采用碳纤维微电极对1.0×10-4 mol/L对乙酰氨基酚(ACOP)标准品(用pH=7.2的Tris-HCl稀释)采用差分脉冲法和循环伏安扫描法进行连续测定,考察了响应电流的变化.实验研究了缓冲溶液pH对ACOP氧化峰电流的影响以及ACOP氧化峰电流与扫速的关系.结果表明,用pH=10.0的Tris-HCl稀释溶液的测定结果稳定性最佳.ACOP的氧化峰电流与扫速的平方根成正比,其线性回归方程为:Ip(A)=5×10-10 V1/2(mV/s)+1×10-8,相关系数r=0.998 6,碳纤维微电极上的ACOP的氧化过程受扩散控制.采用差示脉冲伏安法对ACOP标准品氧化峰电流与浓度的关系进行定量分析,在1×10-7~1×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内,ACOP的氧化峰电流与其浓度呈现良好的线性关系,线性回归方程:Ip(A)=7×10-5 c(mol/L)+5×10-11,线性相关系数r=0.999 0.该法可用于ACOP样品的分析测定,结果令人满意.     

咖啡酸与DNA相互作用的电化学研究

用电化学方法研究了咖啡酸与DNA的相互作用,考察了扫速对咖啡酸与DNA相互作用的影响。实验表明,DNA存在使咖啡酸氧化峰的电位正移,咖啡酸的氧化峰峰电流减小,咖啡酸在320 nm吸收光谱的吸收峰降低,呈减色效应,且出现两个等电吸收点,说明咖啡酸与DNA的相互作用以嵌插作用为主。双链DNA(dsDNA)与咖啡酸的结合能力大于单链DNA(ssDNA),结合比为1∶1,结合常数β为2.32×106。     

氧化锆/聚亚甲基蓝修饰电极检测CaMV35S启动子基因

制备了基于氧化锆(ZrO_2)/聚亚甲基蓝(PMB)修饰电极的无标记DNA传感器,用于转基因植物CaMV35S启动子基因的检测。探针DNA(ssDNA)通过ZrO_2和DNA的磷酸基的相互作用修饰到电极表面,以PMB氧化峰的示差脉冲伏安响应为检测信号,传感器和完全互补的DNA片段杂交后,PMB的氧化峰电流明显降低,当和完全不匹配的DNA片段杂交时,峰电流无明显变化。对于完全互补的DNA片段,在2.0×10~(-12)~2.0×10~(-8) mol/L浓度范围内峰电流的变化值和浓度的对数成良好的线性关系,检测限为4.1×10~(-13) mol/L(S/N=3)。所制备的传感器具有良好的稳定性、再生性和重现性,用于样品检测,结果令人满意。     

基于树状高分子固定DNA的电化学生物传感器的研究

用电化学氧化法使玻碳电极表面氧化生成羧基,利用偶联活化试剂将1.0G树状高分子(PAMAM)固定在玻碳电极表面,并通过共价结合固定ssDNA。以亚甲基蓝为指示剂,采用循环伏安法、示差脉冲伏安法等电化学方法对DNA电化学生物传感器进行了表征。结果发现,通过亚甲基蓝与双链dsDNA作用的氧化还原电流的变化,可以识别和定量检测溶液中互补的ssDNA片段。经过条件优化,本法测定DNA的浓度线性范围为2×10-9～2×10-7mol/L,检出限为1×10-9mol/L。     

Spectroscopic Electrochemical Studies of Interaction Between Fuchsin Basic DNA

Visible spectroscopic and electrochemical methods were used to study the interactions between DNA and fuchsin basic(FB). FB has an irreversible electro-oxidation peak in 5 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer solution at pH = 7.4 on a glassy carbon electrode(GCE). After adding certain concentration of dsDNA, the oxidation peak current of FB decreases, but the peak potential hardly changs. The visible absorption spectroscopic study shows that the binding mode of FB to dsDNA is intercalative binding and electrostatic binding when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA to FB is smaller than 0. 2, and a new substance, which produces a new absorption peak, is obtained via a covalent binding between dsDNA and FB apart from intercalative binding and electrostatic binding when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA to FB is larger than 0. 2. The visible absorption spectra varies no longer when the ratio of the concentration of dsDNA to FB is larger than 1.5. A mean binding ratio of dsDNA to FB was determined to be 1.4: 1,suggesting that two complexes FB-dsDNA and FB-2dsDNA be formed. The interaction between FB and ssDNA was only electrostatic binding. The more powerful interaction of FB with dsDNA than with ssDNA may be applied for the recognition of dsDNA and ssDNA, and in DNA biosensor as hybridization indicator.     

Interaction of the mutagen ethidium bromide with DNA, using a carbon paste electrode and a hanging mercury drop electrode

The interaction of ethidium bromide (2,7-diamino-10-ethyl-9-phenylphenanthridinium bromide; EB) with double stranded (ds) calf thymus DNA and thermally denatured single stranded (ss) DNA was studied in solution and at the electrode surface by means of transfer voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) as working electrode in 0.2 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0. As a result of intercalation of this dye between the base pairs of dsDNA, the characteristic peak of dsDNA, due to the oxidation of guanine residues, decreased and after a particular concentration of EB a new peak at +0.81 V appeared, probably due to the formation of a complex between dsDNA and EB. The non-intercalated EB gives another peak, but at an increased concentration of the dye. A similar behaviour was observed during the interaction of the dye with ssDNA.Furthermore, the interaction of EB with ds, ss and supercoiled (sc) DNA was studied at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) surface by means of alternating current voltammetry in 0.3 M NaCl and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.5) as supporting electrolyte. dsDNA yields a smaller peak at −1.42 V (peak III) compared to the one yielded by ssDNA, since the latter is a relaxed and more accessible form. By addition of EB into the buffer solution an increase of peak III was observed in the dsDNA form as well as in ssDNA resulting from their interaction with EB. Furthermore, the appearance of peak III in covalently closed circular scDNA after exposure to increasing concentrations of EB is a result of the introduction of ‘free ends’ in DNA affecting its structural integrity.     

Sensitive detection of cyclophosphamide using DNA-modified carbon paste, pencil graphite and hanging mercury drop electrodes

The interaction of cyclophosphamide (CP) with calf thymus double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and thermally denatured single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immobilized at the carbon paste (CPE) and pencil graphite electrodes (PGE), was studied electrochemically based on oxidation signals of guanine and adenine using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).As a result of the interaction of CP with DNA, the voltammetric signals of guanine and adenine increased in the case of dsDNA while a slight increase was observed in ssDNA. The effect of experimental parameters such as the interaction time between CP and DNA forms and the concentration of CP, were studied using DPV with CPE and PGE. Additionally, reproducibility and detection limits were determined using both electrodes. A comparison of the analytical performance between CPE and PGE was done. Our results showed that these two different DNA biosensors could be used for the sensitive, rapid and cost effective detection of CP itself as well as of CP-DNA interaction.Furthermore, the interaction of CP with dsDNA and ssDNA was studied in solution and at the electrode surface by means of alternating current voltammetry (ACV) in 0.3 M NaCl and 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.5) supporting electrolyte, using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) as working electrode.The conclusions of this study were mainly based on tensammetric peaks I (at −1.183 V) and II (−1.419 V) of DNA. This study involved the interaction of CP with surface-confined and solution phase DNA where experimental parameters, such as the concentration of CP and the interaction time, were studied. By increasing the concentration of CP, an increase of peak II was observed in both ds and ssDNA, while an increase of peak I was observed only in the case of dsDNA. An overall conclusion of the study using HMDE was that the interaction of CP with surface-confined DNA significantly differed from that with solution phase DNA. The increase of peaks I and II was lower in the case of interaction of CP with surface-confined DNA, probably due to steric positioning of DNA at the electrode surface.     

灿烂甲酚蓝在DNA修饰金电极上的电化学行为

利用自组装技术将巯基乙醇固定在金电极表面形成巯基乙醇自组装膜修饰金电极, 用乙基-(3-二甲基氨丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)为偶联试剂, 分别将鲱鱼精单链DNA(ssDNA)和双链DNA(dsDNA)固定于金电极表面形成ssDNA和dsDNA 修饰电极. 考察了灿烂甲酚蓝(BCB)在不同DNA 修饰电极上的电化学行为,结果表明, BCB 在ssDNA 和dsDNA 修饰电极上的吸附常数分别为1.67×10^4和3.22×10^4 L·mol-1, BCB 与ssDNA 主要以静电作用结合, 而与dsDNA作用存在静电和嵌插两种模式. dsDNA 对BCB 具有更高的亲和力, 使BCB 可以作为一种有效的电化学杂交指示剂.     

Electrochemical DNA biosensor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon detection

Four DNA electrochemical biosensors using four types of DNA (calf thymus ssDNA, calf thymus dsDNA, salmon testis ssDNA and salmon testis dsDNA) were constructed using graphite screen printed electrodes. These biosensors were exploited as analytical tool to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA interactions using benzo(a)anthracene and phenantrene as model analytes, the guanine oxidation peak variation being the signal revealing the interaction between PAHs and immobilized DNA. The salmon testis ssDNA biosensor resulted as the most promising device and was further evaluated for benzo(a)anthracene, fluorene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, anthracene, and phenanthrene in 5–40 ng mL^?1 solutions, and for benzo(a)pyrene (5–50 ng mL^?1). A concentration dependent variation of the DNA guanine oxidation peak was observed for all compounds. The effect of benzo(a)pyrene ultraviolet (UV) activation on the benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-DNA interaction was evaluated at concentration levels of 20 and 50 ng mL^?1, and a 3.5- and 2.7-fold increases of the guanine oxidation peak was measured respectively. The salmon testis ssDNA biosensor was examined with PAHs contaminated samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Upon UV irradiation of three sample extracts exceeding the BaP maximum level, a positive variation of the DNA guanine oxidation was obtained. An average 2.4-fold increase of the guanine oxidation peak was detected demonstrating that the sensor can be used to detect toxic degradation products of PAHs.     

Voltammetric Studies on the Recognition of a Copper Complex to Single‐ and Double‐Stranded DNA and Its Application in Gene Biosensor

A mixed‐ligands copper complex [Cu(phendione)(DAP)]SO₄ (phendione=1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione, DAP=2,3‐diaminophenazine) was synthesized. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the complex underwent an obvious decrease of redox peak currents and positive shift of formal potential after interaction with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA), suggesting that the copper complex behaved as a typical metallointercalator for dsDNA, The recognition properties of the copper complex to single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and dsDNA were assessed using surface‐based electrochemical methods and the results suggested that the complex had obviously different redox signals at ssDNA and dsDNA modified electrodes. The copper complex was further used as an electroactive indicator for the detection of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter gene.     

Immobilization of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid on gold electrode with self-assembled aminoethanethiol monolayer for DNA electrochemical sensor applications

A synthesized 24-mer single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) was covalently immobilized onto a self-assembled aminoethanethiol monolayer modified gold electrode, using water-soluble 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC). The covalently immobilized ssDNAs were hybridized with complementary ssDNA (cDNA) or yAL(3) gene in solution, forming double-stranded DNAs (dsDNA). Meanwhile, daunomycin as an electrochemical active intercalator in the hybridization buffer solution was intercalated into the dsDNA to form a dsDNA/daunomycin system on the gold electrode surface, which was used for DNA electrochemical sensor. The cathodic waves of daunomycin bound to the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by linear sweep voltammetry were utilized to detect the cDNA. The cathodic peak current (i(pc)) of duanomycin was linearly related to the concentrations of cDNA between 0.1 mug ml(-1) and 0.1 ng ml(-1). The detection limit was about 30 pg ml(-1).     

Determination of DNA Hypermethylation Using Anti‐cancer Drug‐Temozolomide

An electrochemical drug‐DNA biosensor was developed for the detection of interaction between the anti‐cancer drug, Temozolomide (TMZ), and DNA sequences by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry at the graphite electrode surfaces. TMZ is a pro‐drug and an alkylating agent that crosses the blood‐brain barrier, so it is mainly used for brain cancers treatment. In this study, we aim to develop a‐proof‐of‐concept study to investigate the effect of TMZ on formerly methylated DNA sequences since TMZ shows its anti‐cancer activity by methylating the DNA. Interaction between TMZ and DNA causes localized distortion of DNA away from an idealized B‐form, resulting in a wider major groove and greater steric accessibility of functional groups in the base of the groove. According to the results, TMZ behaves as a ‘hybridization indicator’ because of its different electrochemical behavior to different strands of DNA. After interaction with TMZ, hybrid (double stranded DNA‐dsDNA) signals decreased dramatically whereas probe (single stranded DNA‐ssDNA) and control signals remain almost unchanged. The signal differences enabled us to distinguish ssDNA and dsDNA without using a label or tag. It is the first study to demonstrate the interaction between the TMZ and dsDNA created from probe and target. We use specific oligonucleotides sequences instead of using long dsDNA sequences.