α-亚胺基磷杂二茂铁的合成、结构及配位化学研究（英文）

3,4-二甲基-1-苯基磷杂环戊二烯通过两次[1,5]σ-迁移在α-位分别引入苯基和亚胺基得到α-亚胺基磷杂环戊二烯负离子1,1和[Cp~*FeCl]_n反应得到新的P,N双齿配体α-亚胺基磷杂二茂铁2.2可以和Mo和Rh等形成配合物,其中2及其Mo配合物的结构由X射线单晶衍射确定.     

硅杂四元环化合物的合成和反应

硅杂四元环化合物在有机硅化学中是一类非常重要的小分子环系化合物, 广泛应用于有机化学、金属有机化学以及材料化学. 环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂环丁烷可以通过γ-卤代丙基硅烷的Grignard反应、Si＝C键与烯烃的 [2＋2]环加成反应以及硅杂环丙烷的扩环反应合成, 环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂环丁烯可以通过格氏试剂或锂试剂参与的Si—C键的关环反应、硅杂环丁烷的转化反应、硅卡宾对C—H键的插入反应、Si＝C键与炔烃的[2＋2]环加成反应以及二炔基硅烷的分子内成环反应等途径合成. 硅杂环丁烷和硅杂环丁烯由于存在环张力和具有一定的Lewis酸性, 能够通过扩环反应生成五元和六元含硅杂环化合物, 也能够通过开环反应生成不同结构的有机硅分子和聚合物, 抑或实现有机反应在温和条件下的转化.     

金属促进的1H-磷杂环戊二烯的合成方法学研究

1H-磷杂环戊二烯的合成、反应和性质的研究已成为有机合成化学和金属有机化学的主要研究热点之一并得到了迅猛的发展,它们在光电材料、配位化学和选择性催化等方面有重要的应用价值.从金属有机化学的角度,系统地总结了近十年来1H-磷杂环戊二烯的合成化学新反应、新方法及应用.     

多烯化合物的Cope重排反应:[5,5]σ迁移、串联[3,3]σ迁移与自由基重排机理

介绍戊二烯基苯基醚和1,3,7,9-癸四烯衍生物重排反应的机理。戊二烯基苯基醚的重排反应是经过[5,5]和串联的[3,3]σ迁移反应双途径进行的;而1,3,7,9-癸四烯衍生物重排反应既可以经过[5,5]和串联的[3,3]σ迁移反应双途径进行,也可以经过自由基机理进行。     

供体-受体氮杂环丙烷碳-碳键断裂的环加成反应研究进展

氮杂环丙烷有两种不同的开环方式:一种是碳-氮键断裂开环,另一种是碳-碳键断裂开环.其中,氮杂环丙烷以碳-氮键断裂的反应已经有很多综述报道.主要概述了近二十年来供体-受体(Donor-Acceptor,D-A)氮杂环丙烷以碳-碳键断裂的环加成反应研究进展.在合适催化剂作用下,D-A氮杂环丙烷经碳-碳键断裂开环形成亚胺叶立德,该叶立德可以和醛、亚胺、烯烃、炔烃和吲哚等发生[3+n]环加成反应.     

环丙烷与不饱和化合物发生[3+2]扩环反应的研究进展

由于具有较强的环张力,环丙烷能够与多种不饱和化合物发生[3+2]扩环反应构建五元碳环或五元杂环骨架结构.这些五元环化合物是许多药物、天然产物和生物活性分子的核心结构,同时也是一类重要的有机反应中间体,在医药、农业、化工、有机合成等领域具有十分广泛的用途.近年来,许多化学研究者以环丙烷作为三碳合成子,构建了结构复杂的五元碳环和五元杂环结构,促进了环丙烷领域的快速发展.对近十年来烯烃、醛酮、腈等含有不饱和键的化合物与环丙烷发生的[3+2]扩环反应进行了综述,并对该领域的发展方向进行了展望.     

有机叠氮化合物参与的反应:C—N3基团保留的研究进展

有机叠氮化合物在天然产物全合成、药物化学以及材料化学等领域有广泛的应用.叠氮基团在反应过程中倾向于脱除氮气,转化为多种多样的含氮杂环以及氨基类化合物,但在许多天然产物全合成的关键步骤中,都需要保留叠氮基团.总结了近二十年有机叠氮化合物参与的反应中C—N₃键保留的反应类型,主要包括环加成反应、与不饱和键的加成、Winstein重排和1,2-叠氮迁移等.     

硅杂环戊二烯并苯有机小分子化合物研究进展

硅杂环戊二烯并苯有机小分子结构的特殊性,赋予其独特的光电特性,在有机光电功能材料等领域具有广阔的应用前景.其中,并苯的刚性共平面结构可避免构象无序性、扩大π-共轭;硅杂环戊二烯能够形成σ*-π*共轭,可有效降低体系LUMO能级、提高电子亲合势.硅杂环戊二烯并苯有机小分子主要包括苯并噻咯、硅桥联对二苯乙烯衍生物、二苯并噻咯和双硅桥联对-三联苯等.综述了硅杂环戊二烯并苯小分子的合成方法、结构修饰、性能及应用的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

含六磷杂并环[3.1.0]己烷四负离子的三核稀土镥配合物的分离与结构表征（英文）

白磷直接合成有机膦化合物具有重要的科学意义,因为其不仅避免了磷化工生产过程中产生的大量污染,而且可以用于合成许多结构新颖的含磷化合物.从镥杂环戊二烯与白磷的反应中分离并表征了一例新颖的三核稀土金属配合物[{(η~5-C_5Me_5)Lu Cl}_3(THF)P_6][Li(THF)_4].该配合物具有一个六磷杂并环[3.1.0]己烷四负离子配体,相比于其他已知的六磷杂己烷类配体,该配体目前仍未被报道.X射线单晶衍射实验表明,该六磷杂并环[3.1.0]己烷四负离子配体采取的船式构象,与三个稀土金属分别以η~1,η~3,η~3的方式配位,形成一个结构新颖的[P_6Lu_3]笼状结构.密度泛函理论(DFT)计算表明,该化合物在其两侧分别有一个三中心两电子键.     

硅杂六元环化合物的合成

本文综述了环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂六元环化合物在有机合成方法学方面的进展。介绍了通过α,ω-双金属试剂的关环反应、硅烯参与的[4+2]环加成反应、生成C—Si键的关环反应、生成C—C键的关环反应、硅杂环扩环反应等来合成硅杂六元环化合物,总结了硅杂环己烷、硅杂环己烯以及硅杂环己二烯等不同结构化合物的常见合成方法,为促进硅杂六元环化合物在有机合成化学和材料科学方面的进一步应用提供了基础。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。