温度对脱硫剂钙利用率和蒸汽活化效果的影响

在中温烟气脱硫过程中,蒸汽活化对于提高脱硫剂的钙利用率和脱硫效率起到了显著的作用。为了确定温度对于蒸汽活化效果的影响,研究了200～800℃的蒸汽温度范围内钙利用率的变化,给出了合适的蒸汽活化温度。进而分别在400、600、800℃条件下研究了脱硫反应温度与蒸汽活化温度的关系,提出了中温循环流化床烟气脱硫的适用温度范围。     

中温烟气脱硫过程中CO2对脱硫剂钙利用率的影响

本文在300～600℃的中温区段,实验研究了CO2在烟气脱硫过程中与钙基脱硫剂发生碳酸盐还原反应,削弱脱硫效果的规律,发现石灰钙利用率随温度升高呈跳跃式变化,并因碳酸盐反应程度的迅速增加而在500℃附近出现低谷.由此明确了减小碳酸盐反应效应,提高脱硫剂钙利用率的途径,为进一步发展中温烟气脱硫工艺提供了重要依据.     

增湿活化反应器内喷水脱硫试验研究

本文介绍在热态脱硫试验台上进行的生石灰和消石灰的喷水活化脱硫试验,研究了Ca/S比、饱和温距、入口烟气SO2浓度、烟气速度及水喷嘴雾化风对脱硫效率和钙利用率的影响规律,对两种脱硫剂的脱硫活性进行了比较,并对喷水增湿提高脱硫效率的机理进行了分析。研究表明,喷水增湿使两种脱硫剂的活性都有明显提高,生石灰具有价格优势。     

氧化铁对石灰中温烟气脱硫活化机理的流化床实验分析

运用小型热态流化床对石灰与氧化铁混合物的中温烟气脱硫反应特性再次进行了分析。研究表明:在石灰中掺入一定比例的氧化铁可以显著提高钙利用率,氧化钙晶粒以氧化铁颗粒为核心进行固硫反应,破坏了形成表层致密产物层的条件,改变了石灰表层孔隙结构,使更多的内部孔隙暴露,为同硫反应向纵深发展创造了条件。     

氧化铁促进石灰中温烟气脱硫的机理性研究

本文运用热重分析仪和扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对石灰与氧化铁混合物进行了测定，分析了在２００～７００℃的中温范围内氧化铁对石灰脱硫过程的促进作用．研究表明；在石灰中掺入一定比例的氧化铁可以显著捉高钙利用率，而且存在最佳氧化铁配比．其作用机理是氧化铁对石灰脱硫不仅具有一定的催化作用，同时还作为活性中心 改变了脱硫产物的形成规律和气体扩散等特性．     

O2/CO2方式下钙基吸收剂在脱硫过程中微观结构变化的研究

本文研究了O2/CO2方式下钙基吸收剂在脱硫过程中微观结构的变化。研究结果表明,不同浓度的CO2对孔隙结构的影响完全不同;且提高温度有利于改善高浓度CO2气氛下钙基吸收剂煅烧后的孔隙结构,较之空气气氛,高浓度CO2气氛更有利于高温下炉内喷钙脱硫。     

高CO2浓度下钙基吸收剂脱硫的实验研究

本文进行了高CO2浓度下钙基吸收剂脱硫的实验研究.结果表明,高浓度CO2下钙基吸收剂的脱硫效率随脱硫时间的变化与空气条件下显著不同.孔隙结构分析及热重分析等手段表明高CO2浓度主要影响了钙基吸收剂的煅烧分解过程,形成了有利于脱硫反应的孔隙结构.实验结果还表明提高温度有利于改善高浓度CO2气氛下钙基吸收剂煅烧后孔隙结构,在适当的脱硫时间内,高温下高浓度CO2气氛比空气气氛更有利于炉内喷钙脱硫.     

脱硫高钙灰在处理制革废水中的应用

通过对脱硫高钙灰和制革废水的成分研究,根据脱硫高钙灰的化学成分以及良好的吸附特性,用脱硫高钙灰处理制革废水,找出用脱硫高钙灰处理制革废水的最优化条件,达到对脱硫高钙粉煤灰的综合利用,化害为利、变废为宝,以废冶废的目的.     

蒸汽活化钙基吸收剂用于干法烟气脱硫的实验研究

本文简化模拟实验了燃煤锅炉省煤器后的干法烟气脱硫方案．在沉降炉上实验研究了蒸汽活化对钙基吸收剂脱硫（４００～８００℃）效果的影响．结果表明,蒸汽活化能显著改善钙基吸收剂的微孔结构,提高其转化率．在４００到６００℃下反应产物以亚硫酸钙为主,７００到８００℃反应产物以硫酸钙为主。     

T-T吸收剂脱硫模型的改进及与双流体模型的耦合

原有T-T吸收剂固硫模型以时间作为反应状态参数,无法用于欧拉法脱硫模拟.为此,基于钙转化率的概念,对已有的T-T吸收剂脱硫模型进行了改进.改进的模型形式简单,反应速率与钙转化率的平方呈双线性分布,模型中快慢反应的转折点和反应终止点均随温度升高而增大,表征了反应活性的提高.进一步推导了吸收剂钙转化率的输运方程并对两相质量守恒方程和SO2组分方程进行了修改,将脱硫模型与两相流模型进行了耦合,为循环流化床脱硫数值模拟打下了基础.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.