Effect of the Nature of the Oxidizing Agent on Conversion of Finely Dispersed Carbon on Binary Oxide Catalysts

We have studied the process of catalytic oxidation of finely dispersed carbon on the surface of the designed soot filters, prepared by successive deposition of a second support (γ-Al₂O₃) and a catalytic coating (CuCr₂O₄ or CuCo₂O₄) on ceramic honeycomb monoliths of synthetic cordierite, using different oxidizing agents: O₂, O₃, NO, NO₂, H₂O. Using ozone as the oxidation initiator allows us to solve the problem of comprehensive purification of automobile exhaust gases at fairly low temperatures (“cold start”). __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 307–312, September–October, 2005.     

Temperature Hysteresis in Oxidation of CO on Complex Oxide Catalysts

We have used thermal desorption (TD) with mass spectrometric detection of the desorbed species to study the state of the surface of oxide catalysts for oxidation of CO. Detection of weakly bound forms of water and the species H₃O⁺ and HO ₂ ^⋅ in the thermal desorption spectra correlates with the existence of temperature hysteresis in these samples. The data obtained are explained by the reaction occurring in a highly active state via a heterogeneous-homogeneous mechanism, and also by the effect of local superheating. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Eksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 323–327, September–October, 2005.     

Physical and Chemical Properties and Activity of Fe–Co–Cu Oxide Catalysts in Oxidation of CO

We have studied the physical and chemical properties and activity of Fe–Co–Cu oxide catalysts in oxidation of CO. We have shown that the high activity of these catalysts is promoted by formation of the Cu₂(OH)₃NO₃ structure, which is modified by hematite clusters. The presence of OH groups is favorable for the formation of active sites for CO oxidation on the surface of the oxide catalysts.     

Preparation of Cerium-Bismuth Oxide Catalysts for Diesel Soot Oxidation Including Evaluation of an Automated Soot-Catalyst Contact Mode

Cerium-bismuth oxides have emerged as promising candidates for Diesel soot oxidation. The catalysts are synthesized via automated co-precipitation methods. T₅₀ values, where 50 % of soot is oxidized, and the dynamic oxygen storage capacity (OSC_dyn) are used to compare the catalytic activity. The activity is measured by thermogravimetric methods. The synthesized catalysts are characterized through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and specific surface area (S_BET) measurements. This work investigates the influence of the contact mode between soot and catalyst. The literature-known manual contact modes “loose”, “tight”, and “wet” are compared with our developed automated contact mode, using a dual asymmetric centrifuge. The rotation speed rs and mixing time t_M have been varied independently. Both factors influence the T₅₀ value. A continuous transition from loose to tight contact mode with increasing rotation speed rs can be shown. Furthermore, the automated contact mode shows better reproducibility behavior compared to manual contact modes.     

乙烯齐聚催化剂研究进展

综述了乙烯齐聚催化剂的研究进展.按照碳链的原子数目,简要介绍了α-烯烃的用途.按照后过渡金属催化剂和前过渡金属催化剂分类介绍了乙烯齐聚催化剂的研究情况,并重点介绍了乙烯三聚催化剂的研究进展,给出了部分聚合机理.文章最后介绍了α-烯烃除用乙烯齐聚催化剂方法外,还有石蜡热裂解、烷烃催化裂解、烷烃脱氢、烯烃二聚和歧化等方法制备.乙烯齐聚法所得产品线性化程度高,聚合度分布窄,分离费用低,产品质量好.在我国,石蜡裂解法为主要生产方法,因此在我国开展乙烯齐聚的研究,开发具有自主知识产权的齐聚催化剂,具有十分重要的意义.     

吡啶在金属氧化物催化剂上的氧化和NOx生成的控制

吡啶在金属氧化物催化剂上的氧化和ＮＯ_ｘ生成的控制罗孟飞，余敏，袁贤鑫（杭州大学催化研究所杭州３１００２８）关键词吡啶，催化氧化，负载金属氧化物催化剂，ＮＯ＿ｘ控制含氮有机物，如吡啶完全氧化的最终产物有如下两种情况：除ＣＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ外，可以是Ｎ２，也?..     

NaA分子筛膜催化剂上CO和C2H4混合气的选择性氧化反应

Defect-free zeolite NaA membranes were coated onto the surface of spherical Pt/Al2O3 particles using a two-step hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the synthesized composite catalysts were characterized using XRD and SEM techniques, respectively. The results indicated a layer of compact and uniform NaA molecular sieve membrane with a thickness of about 20 滋m was coated on the spherical Pt/Al2O3 particles after the two-step hydrothermal synthesis. The prepared NaA membrane coated catalysts were used in the oxidation of a mixture of CO and C2H4 to study the reactant selectivity over the coated zeolite NaA membranes. Under the optimized conditions, the oxidation selectivity for CO over C2H4 on the composite catalyst was as high as 96%. The feasible application of this composite membrane coated catalyst to the selective removal of CO in the presence of C2H4 was anticipated.     

Ammonia Oxidation over Conventional Combustion Catalysts

The combustion of ammonia in air over different conventional oxidation catalysts has been studied in the present work. The final oxidation product is NO, although N₂O is also formed at intermediate temperatures. The environmentally desirable product, N₂, is only appreciably yielded over iron oxides catalysts.     

Liquid-Phase Selective Oxidation of Propane on Silica-Supported Nafion Catalysts

The liquid-phase partial oxidation of propane in the presence of the Fen+/H2O2 Fenton system at 70℃ and 1.4 atm on silica supported Nafion catalysts has been investigated. The reaction proceeds via a radical reaction path the efficiency of which is improved by silica-supported Nafion catalysts. Because of the direct relationship between reaction rate and concentration of sulphonic acid sites of Nafion catalysts, it is inferred that the active phase enahnces the kinetics of propane conversion by promoting the rate of active radicals generation.     

Liquid-Phase Selective Oxidation of Propane on Silica-Supported Nafion Catalysts

The liquid-phase partial oxidation of propane in the presence of the Fen+/H2O2 Fenton system at 70℃ and 1.4 atm on silica supported Nafion catalysts has been investigated. The reaction proceeds via a radical reaction path the efficiency of which is improved by silica-supported Nafion catalysts. Because of the direct relationship between reaction rate and concentration of sulphonic acid sites of Nafion catalysts, it is inferred that the active phase enahnces the kinetics of propane conversion by promoting the rate of active radicals generation.     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备高分散Au/TiO2低温CO氧化催化剂

用溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备了不同金含量的高分散Ａｕ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂,ＸＲＤ和ＴＥＭ测定结果表明,随着金含量的增加,金颗粒度增大,但直径都在１．８～３．５ｎｍ范围内,ＸＰＳ研究表明上于金属态,Ａｕ／ＴｉＯ２在低温下就显示出较高的ＣＯ知性,３２３Ｋ时ＣＯ的转化率可达到１００％,金颗粒度为１．８ｎｍ的Ａｕ／ＴｉＯ２催化剂活性最高。     

新型的乙烯聚合催化剂

简要介绍了新型的烯烃聚合催化剂－Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）、Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）类后过渡金属催化剂的发展,特点及催化乙烯聚合机理,并就它们的组成结构、聚合条件和配体体积对聚合产物结构,分子量等的影响根据配体不同分类进行了讨论。     

多级结构还原氧化石墨烯包覆的钴铁氧体的合成及电化学性能

以水滑石为前驱体合成微米花/纳米片多级结构过渡金属复合氧化物CoFe2O4,一种高性能锂离子电池负极材料。 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对其进行结构表征,发现得到的复合氧化物为单一晶相,且具有多级结构。 电化学性能测试表明,得到的负极材料具有高比容量和倍率性能。 通过还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)对CoFe2O4进行表面包覆制备CoFe2O4/rGO,其循环稳定性得到大幅度提高。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mo-Based Oxide Catalysts and Selective Oxidation of Alkanes

Mo-V-M(=Al, Ga, Bi, Sb and Te)–O mixed oxide catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time, characterized structurally, and tested for ethane and propane oxidation after activation by various ways. These catalysts were black solids of rod-shaped (fiber like) crystals, which had a layer structure in the direction of fiber axis and a high dimensional arrangement of metal octahedra in the cross-section plane. These fresh crystalline materials became active for catalytic oxidation of alkanes after heat-treatment at 600 °C and subsequent grinding in order to increase exposed plane of the cross-section. The resulting catalysts were very active for an oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with 80% of the ethylene selectivity in the reaction temperature range of 300 to 400 °C and also showed about 50% selectivity to acrylic acid in the propane oxidation. Multi-functional character which derived from the high dimensional structure of the catalysts and mechanism of the selective alkane oxidation were discussed.     

介孔碳负载高分散Fe-P催化剂的制备及其催化硝基苯加氢性能研究

开发低成本和高性能的加氢催化剂对于基础研究和工业应用具有重要意义。采用浸渍-热解策略,将Fe3+-植酸的络合物负载到介孔碳（MPC）表面热解处理,实现了一步法合成磷掺杂碳负载金属催化剂,并可通过调节Fe和植酸比例制得一系列具有不同结构的Fe-P/MPC催化剂。结合XPS、XRD、BET、SEM和TEM等表征技术,发现高分散的Fe-P催化剂（0.1Fe-P/MPC）具有最优的硝基苯加氢催化活性（TOF = 334 h-1）,相较于单原子Fe1-P-C催化剂,活性提升了约7倍,同时该催化剂也展现出较高的稳定性,循环使用5次活性未见明显下降;而纳米金属磷化物Fe2P（0.5Fe-P/MPC）则几乎没有加氢活性。     

负载型La-Sr-Cu系复合氧化物催化剂用于CO氧化

 采用柠檬酸盐法经650 ℃焙烧制备了莫来石负载的具有K2NiF4型结构的A2BO4型复合氧化物La2-xSrxCuO4 (0.4≤x≤1.0), 用XRD和SEM考察了该系列氧化物的晶体结构和形貌特征. 在固定床微型反应器中于含氧的CO气氛中测试了催化剂对CO氧化的催化活性; 结果表明反应的起燃温度低,当x=0.8～1.0时催化剂具有良好的CO氧化活性,在300 ℃时CO的转化率可达100%. 在流化床反应器中以此催化剂作为CO助燃剂对积炭的催化裂化待生剂CRC-1进行的再生实验结果表明,当x=0.8时催化剂的助燃活性最高,CO2/CO比值R可达488, CO的相对转化率 可达99.5%.     

NaA分子筛膜催化剂上CO和C2H4混合气的选择性氧化反应

采用二次水热法,在Pt/Al2O3球形催化剂颗粒上合成了致密的NaA分子筛膜.分别以X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制备的分子筛膜催化剂结构及形貌进行表征,结果显示经二次合成的Pt/Al2O3球形催化剂颗粒上均匀地覆盖一层致密、均一的NaA分子筛膜,膜的厚度约为20 μm.将合成的NaA分子筛膜催化剂用于CO和C2H4混合气氧化反应,考察了催化剂表面分子筛膜对反应物分子的选择性,在最优条件下,CO对C2H4的氧化反应选择性始终维持在96%.这种复合膜催化剂可用于选择性除去C2H4,原料气中的CO.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Late Transition Metal Complexes of Mono-Acetate Pendant Armed Ethylene Cross-Bridged Tetraazamacrocycles with Promise as Oxidation Catalysts for Dye Bleaching

Ethylene cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles are known to produce kinetically stable transition metal complexes that can act as robust oxidation catalysts under harsh aqueous conditions. We have synthesized ligand analogs with single acetate pendant arms that act as pentadentate ligands to Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. These complexes have been synthesized and characterized, including the structural characterization of four Co and Cu complexes. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that multiple oxidation states are stabilized by these rigid, bicyclic ligands. Yet, redox potentials of the metal complexes are modified compared to the “parent” ligands due to the pendant acetate arm. Similarly, gains in kinetic stability under harsh acidic conditions, compared to parent complexes without the pendant acetate arm, were demonstrated by a half-life seven times longer for the cyclam copper complex. Due to the reversible, high oxidation states available for the Mn and Fe complexes, the Mn and Fe complexes were examined as catalysts for the bleaching of three commonly used pollutant model dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange, and Rhodamine B) in water with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The efficient bleaching of these dyes was observed.     

二氧化碳同环氧丙烷交替共聚用催化剂的研究

探讨了有机金属催化剂的组成及其对二氧化碳同环氧丙烷交替共聚产物结构的影响,发现二乙基锌—助剂体系的催化活性按如次顺序递降:二乙基锌—连苯三酚>二乙基锌—间苯二酚>二乙基锌—对苯二胺>二乙基锌—亚乙基脲。若用三异丁基铝代替二乙基锌同连苯三酚构成催化剂,则失去对二氧化碳同环氧丙烷交替共聚反应的活性同时,著者发现二乙基锌—二元芳胺催化体系与二乙基锌—二元酚催化体系的催化活性规律完全不同。     

M-Na-P-Mo-V/SiO2系列催化剂对异丁烯氧化反应的催化性能

 以浸渍法制备了M－Na－P－Mo－V／SiO2系列催化剂,并用FT－IR和TPR对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂上的异丁烯化反应．结果表明,在空速900h－1和345℃的反应条件下,过渡金属的引入可提高甲基丙烯醛的选择性．其中Cu对催化性能的改善最佳,甲基丙烯醛选择性可达65．7％;而在Na－P－Mo－V／SiO2催化剂上,乙酸选择性可达50％,但甲基丙烯醛选性仅为4．1％．在催化剂中引入过渡金属时,Cu在提高甲基丙烯醛选择性的同时,也抑制了完全氧化产物COx的生成;Fe提高双键断裂产物和完全氧化产物选择性的同时,使甲基丙烯醛选择性下降;Zn对反应的影响不很大．TPR结果表明,在入Cu的催化剂中,Cu与杂多酸阴离子之间可能存在“溢流”作用．