空心阴极灯激发的微波等离子体炬原子/离子荧光光谱研究--钙的原子/离子荧光光谱

用强短脉冲供电技术的空心阴极灯作激发源、微波等离子体炬作原子／离子化器，建立了原子／离子荧光光谱实验装置。详细研究了微波等离子体功率、观察高度、空心阴极灯电流等因素对原子／离子荧光信号强度的影响，测量了系统对Ca的原子／离子荧光光谱的检出限。     

微波等离子体炬离子／原子荧光光谱研究：稀土元素铕的离子／？…

文中用微波等离子体炬作离子／原子化器,强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯作激发源,进行了稀土元素的离子／原子荧光检测。详细研究了系统对Ｅｕ检测时的最佳工作条件,对微波等离子体功能,空心阴极灯电流,观测高度等因素对Ｅｕ离子／原子荧光信号的影响进行了讨论测量了离子荧光和原子荧光谱的检测限。     

微波等离子体炬离子/原子荧光光谱研究 --稀土元素铕的离子/原子荧光光谱

文中用微波等离子体炬作离子／原子化器,强短脉冲供电空心阴极灯作激发源,进行了稀土元素的离子／原子荧光检测。详细研究了系统对Ｅｕ检测时的最佳工作条件,对微波等离子体功率,空心阴极灯电流,观测高度等因素对Ｅｕ离子／原子荧光信号的影响进行了讨论,测量了离子荧光和原子荧光谱的检测限。     

同步辐射时间分辨荧光光谱技术

时间分辨光谱技术是研究原子、分子和凝聚态物质的激发动力学，特别是研究发光动力学的有力工具，文章主要介绍以同步辐射为激发光源研究时间分辨光谱的两种方法－时间相关单光子计数法和相移调制法，并比较了两者的优缺点。还讨论了同步辐射光源与其他激发光源相比的特点。     

用激光激发的荧光等离子体中原子和离子空间分布模型

等离子体作为强有力的原子化器、离子化器和激发器已经广泛地用于光谱化学分析中。有些作者已经研究过等离子体的温度空间分布、电子数密度以及分析物原子(离子)在等离子体的空间分布。大多数作者,使用发射强度测量的方法得到空间模型,但是,要求Abel转换技术,先变换成横向后再变换成空间模型。这种模型不仅受基态原子(离子)的影响,而且也受随等离子体温度分布而指數变化的Boltzman因子的影响。1980年,Omenette和Coworker首先提出了荧光方法并测定了钡原子和离子的空间分布模型。     

稀土原子与离子的自然辐射寿命测量

概述了当前自由原子和离子的激发态自然辐射寿命测量技术的进展。以LaⅠ和PrⅡ为例,系统介绍了几种稀土元素自由原子和离子激发态寿命测量技术并分析了它们的优缺点;以SmⅡ为例,详细介绍了激光烧蚀产生自由原子(离子)技术及结合激光诱导荧光时间分辨光谱技术进行激发态寿命测量的优缺点。最后,探讨了改进上述技术局限性的解决思路,以期进一步提高辐射寿命测量的精确度。     

蔬菜中西维因农药残留监测用荧光光谱仪的研究

根据西维因农药受到紫外光激发能够发出荧光的特征，利用脉冲氙灯作为激发光源，利用光纤进行传输和探测荧光，并结合电荷耦合器件(CCD)光谱探测技术，设计出了一套能够测量农药含量的荧光光谱仪器。分别利用稳态光谱仪和该仪器实现了对黄瓜中西维因农药残留的快速测定。实验结果表明，在激发波长为319nm和荧光发射波长为647nm情况下，西维因的线性范围为0.0～120μg／L，最低检出限LOD为5×10-7μg/L,线性相关系数r为0.9991(S／N=5)。该仪器可满足荧光检测的需要。     

稀土配合物的荧光特性实验研究

对稀土元素铕、铽、镝的氯化物与咪唑二元配合物,与丙氨酸、咪唑三元配合物,乙酰甘氨酸铕、镧、钕、铕与苯并咪唑配合物以及它们的配体,以可见光为激发光进行了荧光光谱测量,比较了不同稀土元素的荧光特性,分析了不同配体对稀土离子荧光特性的影响,讨论了稀土离子在配合物中的发光机制,同时还观察分析了升频荧光现象.     

Sm3+掺杂稀土硼酸盐玻璃的光谱参数计算和荧光光谱分析

制备了具有高效可见荧光发射的Sm3 掺杂稀土硼酸盐(LBLB)玻璃,对玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱展开了测试与分析.根据Judd-Ofelt理论对吸收光谱进行了拟合,求得Sm3 离子的晶场调节参数Ωt=(2,4,6)分别为6.81×10-20,4.43×10-20和2.58×10-20 cm2,并进一步计算出各能级跃迁的谱线强度、自发辐射跃迁概率、辐射寿命和荧光分支比等光谱参数.紫外光激发下,Sm3 掺杂LBLB玻璃发出明亮的橙红色光.激发光谱表明,氩离子激光器是Sm3 掺杂LBLB玻璃有效的激发光源.     

掺稀土离子激光玻璃荧光光谱的测量

介绍了荧光光谱测量系统的测量原理,讨论了激发光源、单色仪光栅、样品的制备、激发光的激发位置和入射角、探测器、荧光光谱波段等测量条件的选取对激光玻璃荧光测量结果的影响。实验表明,在掺稀土离子激光玻璃荧光光谱的测量中,只有选取合适的测量条件,才可获得准确、可靠的测试结果。     

The Hollow Cathode Discharge as a Spectrochemical Emission Source

Abstract

The hollow cathode discharge (HCD), a specialized type of glow discharge, has been the subject of investigations by physicists (in particular) and chemists for over a half century. Several hundred literature reports may be found concerning various aspects of the HCD. Despite this, many analytical chemists today would consider the HCD as merely a sharp line source for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). While this is certainly its most important present application, the HCD has a long history as a spectrochemical emission source allowing direct excitation and analysis of samples. Excellent sensitivities have been reported, but experimental difficulties, including construction of a demountable hollow cathode tube, have limited overall past acceptance of the HCD as an analytical emission technique. However, the current interest by analytical spectroscopists in new methods of atomization and excitation has revived interest in glow discharges. Also, the commercial availability of two demountable hollow cathode tubes and associated vacuum systems now allows easy accessibility to the technique.     

Lasers as Light Sources for Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract

Lasers have advantages compared to conventional light sources, which include high power, a monochromatic emission profile, stability, and rapid tuning across an atomic line. These advantages have resulted in superior analytical figures of merit and methods of background correction compared to conventional light sources. The most widely used lasers for atomic spectrometry include dye laser systems, optical parametric oscillator systems, and diode lasers. Three principal techniques employ lasers as light sources. Laser‐excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) involves the use of laser light to excite atoms that emit fluorescence and serves as the analytical signal. Laser‐enhanced ionization (LEI) involves laser excitation of atoms to an excited state energy level at which collisional ionization occurs at a higher rate than from the ground state. Diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry (DLAAS) employs a DL as a source to excite atoms in an atom cell from the ground state to an excited state. The analytical signal is involves the ratio of the incident and transmitted beams. Recent applications of these techniques are discussed, including practical applications, hyphenated techniques employing laser‐induced plasmas, and work to characterize fundamental spectroscopic parameters.     

Recent highlights in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an elemental analysis technique that has been employed for virtually all types of samples. Traditionally, hollow cathode lamps, line excitation sources, have been employed for excitation. However, in the past two decades, high resolution continuum source (HR CS) GFAAS has been shown to offer greater potential for multielemental analysis, greater flexibility in wavelength selection, the ability to determine molecules, and better characterization and correction for spectral backgrounds. The recent analytical literature is critically reviewed, including solubilization and preconcentration procedures. Solid and slurry sampling have been the focus of recent work; in particular, the enhanced capabilities of HR CS GFAAS provide green methodology with suitable sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. GFAAS has also been employed for elemental speciation, including characterization of forms using the atomization profiles.     

Kalman滤波法在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中的应用 Ⅰ．测定高纯氧化铥中的14种稀土杂质

本文研究了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法测定高纯氧化铥中的１４种其他稀土杂质的方法。Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法有效地消除光谱干扰，可利用受干扰的光谱灵敏线，因而可提高灵敏度，是一种在大量基体存在下测定痕量杂质的有效方法。     

Kalman滤波法在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中的应用──Ⅱ．测定高纯氧化铕中的14种稀土杂质

本文研究了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法测定高纯氧化铕中的１４种其他稀土杂质的方法。Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法有效地消除光谱干扰，可利用受干扰的光谱灵敏线，因而可提高灵敏度，是一种在大量基体存在下测定痕量杂质的有效方法。     

Molybdenum,Platinum, and Tantalum Metal Atomizers or Vaporizers in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract

The application of metal (tantalum, molybdenum, and platinum) devices in analytical atomic spectrometry is reviewed in this article. These metal devices have been employed in various analytical atomic spectrometric techniques for more than three decades, mainly as electrothermal atomizers or electrothermal vaporizers, in various physical shapes, such as tubes, platforms, loops, and wires (or coils/filaments). Their application spans from atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The analytical figures of merit and the practical applications reported for these metal devices are reviewed, and the atomization mechanism on these metal atomizers is briefly summarized, too. In addition, other applications of the metal devices are discussed, including analyte preconcentration by electrodeposition and sequential metal vapor elution analysis (SMVEA). Furthermore, the application of these metals in graphite furnaces encompasses the schemes with the metals in the form of furnace linings, platforms, or impregnated salts.     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定中药漏芦中微量镉的研究

本文提出了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）测定中药漏芦中微量镉的方法,对基体改进剂及其用量进行了选择试验,对石墨炉工作条件进行了优化,对共存离子的影响进行了考察,在优化实验条件下,方法的检出限为0．06ng.mL^-1,精密度（RSD）为2．43％,试样加入回收率为97－105％。     

Evaluation of a Continuous Flow Furnance Atomizer for Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

A system for continuous sample introduction into a ceramic atomization furnace for laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) was developed. The system was evaluated using two different excitation sources, a nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser and a copper vapor laser-pumped dye laser. Pure aqueous Pb solutions were used for system optimization and analytical calibration curves. These curves were linear over at least three     

Laser-induced breakdown of krypton near five-photon ionization threshold

Selective excitation of laser-induced breakdown in krypton in the pressure range 1–4 bar and the spectral range 420–620 nm at a laser intensity of 10¹¹ W/cm² has been studied. It is shown that the breakdown of krypton can be induced selectively due to resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization via excited atomic states. A number of four- and five-photon atomic resonances have been identified in breakdown excitation spectra. The role of different factors determining the selectivity of the breakdown has been studied. Possible analytical applications of a selective breakdown are discussed.