东方超环上低杂波驱动等离子体环向旋转实验研究

旋转和旋转剪切能抑制磁流体不稳定性和增强等离子体约束.低杂波电流驱动作为未来聚变堆上可能的旋转驱动手段,探索低杂波在现有托卡马克装置上驱动等离子体旋转的驱动机制,可以为未来的聚变堆上旋转预测提供重要参考.在东方超环托卡马克装置上,早期发现了2.45 GHz的低杂波能有效驱动等离子体旋转的现象,认为是边界旋转的改变导致芯部旋转的同电流方向的增加造成的.更高频率下4.6 GHz低杂波电流驱动可以更有效地驱动同电流方向的等离子体旋转.本论文分析在欧姆背景等离子体下,不同功率的低杂波对等离子体环向旋转的影响,研究安全因子剖面变化对环向旋转的关系,利用功率调制获得了低杂波驱动旋转实验中的环向动量输运系数变化情况,发现环向动量扩散系数(χφ)、环向动量箍缩系数(Vpinch)的数值大小趋势是从芯部向靠外的区域逐渐变大.这与低杂波驱动环向旋转时,环向旋转速度由靠外的区域向芯部传递的特性吻合.     

水下环境中基于曲线约束的SIFT特征匹配算法研究

针对水下双目图像匹配时不再满足空气中极线约束条件以及尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)特征匹配算法处理水下图像误匹配率较高等问题,提出一种基于曲线约束的水下特征匹配算法。对双目摄像机进行标定获取相关参数,再获取参考图和待匹配图;利用SIFT算法对两幅图像进行匹配,同时利用由参考图提取的特征点推导出其在待匹配图上对应的曲线,将该曲线作为约束条件判定待匹配图上对应特征点是否在曲线上,从而剔除误匹配点,以达到提高精度的目的。实验结果表明,该算法优于SIFT算法,可以有效地剔除误匹配点,比SIFT算法匹配精度提高约12%,解决了SIFT算法在水下双目立体匹配中误匹配率高的问题。     

基于BP神经网络的景象匹配算法

针对以可见光图像为基准、红外图像为实测的景象匹配问题,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的景象匹配方法。该方法首先抽取满足平移、旋转、尺度不变性的Krawtchouk不变矩作为红外目标的特征描述并构造特征向量,随后,基于主分量分析法消除特征向量各个分量间的相关性,去掉多个对目标匹配识别贡献不大的特征的影响,形成描述目标的有效特征向量。接下来,构造三层BP神经网络,以有效匹配特征作为输入,匹配位置作为输出,按照经验公式确定隐层节点个数,基于样本集对红外目标在可见光基准图像中的匹配过程进行训练,最终形成智能化景象匹配识别器。实验结果表明,与常用的景象匹配算法相比,提出方法不仅具有更高的匹配精度和速度,而且鲁棒性好,能抵抗实测图像的旋转几何畸变。     

基于IECM特征匹配的红外弱点目标快速检测算法

提出了一种新的复杂背景下低信噪比红外弱点目标检测算法。根据红外弱点目标在图像中的三维空间特征,从空间认知的角度出发,将三维的灰度分布特征转化为二维的等高线曲线特征,建立红外图像的等高线图(IECM)描述,利用图论中的树结构(等高线树)形式化地表达等高线的空间关系,在此基础上,给出弱点目标检测的等高线树检测准则,同时给出了等高线划分等级的选择方法。理论分析与实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的检测性能,且结构简单,利于硬件实时实现。在信噪比为1.4的情况下,对红外图像序列的检测概率为96.3%。     

具有旋转不变性的图像矩的快速算法

在具有旋转不变性图像矩的传统算法中,必须将图像的坐标从直角坐标系转换到极坐标系,这种转换不仅会极大地增大计算量,并且会产生明显的舍入误差,从而导致以图像矩为特征的图像识别误差率上升,利用图像矩重建的图像质量下降。为了消除在像素坐标的转换过程中带来的不利影响,以圆谐傅里叶矩的计算为例,介绍了一种直接在直角坐标系下计算图像矩的方法。实验证明,这种方法不仅彻底消除了像素的坐标转换带来的误差,而且大幅降低了计算量。     

基于方向-频率分解的旋转不变性纹理分类

提出了一种用于纹理分类的旋转不变性特征提取的新算法.该算法是将一定大小的图像进行二维傅里叶变换;其次在变换后的图像中央选择一个圆盘区域,并在方向[0°,180°]内进行等间隔角度频率抽样,实现方向分解,使用一组复Morlet小波对每个方向上的映射切片进行小波变换,从而实现多通道频率分解;在各个频率通道中计算均值和方差作为特征,并利用线性回归模型计算频率通道之间的关系特征;将特征沿方向进行一维傅里叶变换并取其幅值,从而得到旋转不变性特征.实验结果表明所提取的特征具有较好的旋转不变性,与其它算法相比具有更好的分类性能,并且对无旋转纹理分类也能产生较好的分类结果.     

基于区域协方差的惯性组合导航景象匹配算法

 针对景象匹配辅助惯性组合导航系统需要快速准确获取飞行器位置和航向偏差的要求,提出了一种基于区域协方差的实时图像匹配算法.算法采用区域协方差矩阵的距离作为图像匹配时的相似性度量.首先,对图像进行高斯平滑滤波,提取图像的多种特征计算区域协方差矩阵,利用金字塔多级匹配技术进行全局搜索,获得测试图在参考图中像素级匹配位置.然后,利用全局匹配的结果,在实测图上选取多个局部区域,分别进行局部搜索匹配,获取参考图和实测图中一一对应的局部匹配集.最后,利用RANSAC算法和最小二乘算法计算出两幅图像间的最优相似变换参量.仿真分析表明,该算法能满足景象匹配辅助惯性组合导航系统实时性、精确性和鲁棒性的要求.     

基于区域协方差的惯性组合导航景象匹配算法

针对景象匹配辅助惯性组合导航系统需要快速准确获取飞行器位置和航向偏差的要求,提出了一种基于区域协方差的实时图像匹配算法.算法采用区域协方差矩阵的距离作为图像匹配时的相似性度量.首先,对图像进行高斯平滑滤波,提取图像的多种特征计算区域协方差矩阵,利用金字塔多级匹配技术进行全局搜索,获得测试图在参考图中像素级匹配位置.然后...     

基于旋转相位编码与照明光束匹配的叠层衍射成像算法研究

在传统的叠层成像算法中引入一种旋转相位编码与照明光束相匹配.采用分块均匀分布的旋转相位调制器对衍射光进行调制,在探测面获得了相应的衍射图样.这种照明光束与相位匹配的方式有效地增加了解的约束条件,具有收敛速度快、抗噪声及抗位置偏差能力强等优点.与随机相位调制相比,本算法所引入的旋转相位调制器构造简单、使用便捷,因而在实时显微成像、超分辨成像等领域将具有更高的实用价值.     

基于灰度统计的快速模板匹配算法

针对传统的基于灰度值的匹配算法计算量大、时间复杂度高的缺陷,提出了一种基于灰度统计的快速模板匹配算法,以十字特征直线代替模板进行粗匹配,仅对搜索图中像素点数目较少的一段灰度区域进行匹配,从而大大减小了计算量,使匹配速度得到极大提高.仿真实验证明本算法匹配速度快、较传统的灰度相关算法快了二至三个数量级,具有较强鲁棒性.     

Model-based algorithm for rotation invariant target recognition using laser radar range imagery

The out-of-plane rotation invariance is demonstrated for a recognition system for laser radar (ladar) range imagery. The key of our method is to transform an original ladar range image of scene data into a height-range image. We demonstrate experimentally that our method provides the out-of-plane rotation invariance property and preserves in-plane rotation invariant characteristics at the same time. We also show experimentally the relationship between the recognition rate and depression angles.     

A real time implementation of a pose invariant face recognition engine with a novel face segmentation algorithm

In this paper we propose a fast and efficient algorithm for segmenting a face suitable for recognition from a video sequence. We first obtain a coarse face region using skin color, then using dynamic template matching the face is efficiently segmented at varying scale and pose in real time. We have also developed and tested some heuristics which localizes only the face region, even when subjects are wearing skin color dress. The segmented face is then handed over to a recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. The on-line face detection, segmentation and recognition algorithm takes an average of 0.06 sec on a 3.2 GHz P4 machine.     

Optical rotation invariant corner detector

In this work we introduce a new approach for corner extraction with rotation invariance. The method is based on an optical processor where the filter in the frequency plane is composed by a spiral phase function and a binary amplitude. The output image of the optical setup presents intensity peaks in each square corner location. The performance of the proposed method was tested on synthetic scenes by numerical simulations and by optical measurements. The presented results show that the method allows the corner extraction, even with rotated scenes.     

Optical circular sampling system for translation and rotation invariant pattern recognition

A simple but effective rotation invariant pattern recognition method based on optical circular sampling of the input pattern is described. The object is decomposed by a set of concentric rings. The distribution of energy between those rings is independent of the orientation of the object and characterizes it sufficiently to allow its classification. A computer generated hologram formed of concentric diffraction grating rings of suitable spatial frequencies may perform the sampling in parallel. In combination with a lens, each ring is then focused to a given position on a CCD detector where the intensity distribution may be found. Translation invariance is added to the system by sampling the intensity of the Fourier transform of the input object in combination with a liquid crystal light valve. A phototypesetter is used to write the hologram whose quality is demonstrated by optical experiments.     

基于旋转不变态的测量设备无关量子密钥分配协议研究

本文提出了一种基于旋转不变态的偏振无关测量设备量子密钥分配协议,既适用于偏振编码测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统,也应用于相位编码测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统的相干过程.通过在线偏振基进入信道传输前嵌入2块q玻片,使得在传输过程中将线偏振基转化为旋转不变的圆偏振基,而第三方对接收到的脉冲进行Bell态测量前,利用q玻片的算符可逆性,将圆偏振基还原为线偏振基进行测量,可以有效消除信道传输中偏振旋转导致的误码.本文分析了偏振无关的三诱骗态测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统的误码率,研究了密钥生成率与安全传输距离的关系,仿真结果表明,对于偏振编码测量设备无关量子密钥分配系统,该协议可以有效提高系统的最大安全通信距离,为实用的量子密钥分配实验提供了重要的理论参数.     

Digital system of invariant correlation to position and rotation

A new correlation digital system invariant to position and rotation is presented. This new algorithm requires low computational cost, because it uses uni-dimensional signatures (vectors). The signature of the target so like the signature of the object to be recognized in the problem image is obtained using a binary ring mask constructed based on the real positive values of the Fourier transform of the corresponding image. In this manner, each image will have one unique binary ring mask, avoiding in this form the relevant information leak. Using linear and non-linear correlations, this methodology is applied first in the identification of the alphabet letters in Arial font style and then in the classification of fossil diatoms images. Also, this system is tested using the diatom images with additive Gaussian noise. The non-linear correlation results were excellent, obtaining in this way a simple but efficient method to achieve rotation and translation invariance pattern recognition.     

A novel algorithm for branch cut phase unwrapping

Branch cut method is a powerful noise-immune algorithm for correct phase unwrapping of noisy phase maps. The shortest branch cut length promises the optimal unwrapping result of the wrapped phase maps. A new algorithm is proposed to search for the shortest branch cut length by simple exchange operation. Although the algorithm is on the basis of stochastic search techniques, it has a high probability of finding the shortest branch cut length or an approximation of it. Compared with the traditional algorithms, the algorithm is fast and competitive.     

A novel algorithm for underwater moving-target dynamic line enhancement

When we use a traditional adaptive line enhancer (ALE) algorithm to detect an underwater moving target, there are two disadvantages: the ability to suppress colored Gaussian noise is low and the lower the SNR is, the worse the performance of the ALE algorithm. In order to greatly overcome these disadvantages, we take full advantage of the capability of higher order cumulants to alleviate the effect of colored Gaussian noise and develop a fourth order cumulant non-diagonal slice-based adaptive dynamic line enhancer (FOCNDSBADLE) algorithm and fourth order cumulant diagonal slice-based adaptive dynamic line enhancer (FOCDSBADLE) algorithm. The adaptive filtering coefficients of these algorithms are indirectly updated by the instantaneous fourth order cumulant slices. It is shown that these slices are comprised of noiseless sinusoids if the input signals are comprised of sinusoids corrupted by Gaussian noise. Therefore these algorithms are fit to handle highly colored Gaussian noise. Simulation tests are carried out using the measured data radiated by the underwater moving target. Simulation results have shown that the FOCNDSBADLE algorithm and FOCDSBADLE algorithm outperform the ALE algorithm and that the FOCNDSBADLE algorithm outperforms the FOCDSBADLE algorithm in the case of Gaussian noise.     

A novel acquisition-reconstruction algorithm for surface magnetic resonance imaging

In U-shaped, hand-size magnetic resonance surface scanners, imaging is performed along only one spatial direction, with the application of just one gradient (one-dimensional imaging). Lateral spatial resolution can be obtained by magnet displacement, but, in this case, resolution is very poor (on the order of some millimeters) and cannot be useful for high-resolution imaging applications. In this article, an innovative technique for acquisition and reconstruction of images produced by U-shaped, hand-size MRI surface scanners is presented. The proposed method is based on the acquisition of overlapping strips and an analytical reconstruction technique; it is capable of arbitrarily improving spatial lateral resolution without either using a second magnetic field gradient or making any assumptions about the imaged sample extension. Numerical simulations on synthetic images are reported demonstrating the method functionalities. The presented method also makes it possible to use U-shaped, hand-size MRI surface scanners for high-resolution biomedical applications, such as the imaging of skin lesions.