Perturbation of an abstract differential equation containing fractional Riemann-Liouville derivatives

We consider a Cauchy type problem in a Banach space. Under the assumption that the corresponding Cauchy type problem with the operator A is uniformly well-posed and the operator B(t) is subordinate to A in some sense, we prove the unique solvability of the considered problem and its continuous dependence on initial data.     

Preduals of von Neumann Algebras

Proofs of two assertions are sketched. 1) If the Banach space of a von Neumann algebra A is the third dual of some Banach space, then the space A is isometrically isomorphic to the second dual of some von Neumann algebra A and the von Neumann algebra A is uniquely determined by its enveloping von Neumann algebra (up to von Neumann algebra isomorphism) and is the unique second predual of A (up to isometric isomorphism of Banach spaces). 2) An infinite-dimensional von Neumann algebra cannot have preduals of all orders.     

Banach space properties forcing a reflexive, amenable Banach algebra to be trivial

It is an open problem whether an infinite-dimensional amenable Banach algebra exists whose underlying Banach space is reflexive. We give sufficient conditions for a reflexive, amenable Banach algebra to be finite-dimensional (and thus a finite direct sum of full matrix algebras). If \frak A {\frak A} is a reflexive, amenable Banach algebra such that for each maximal left ideal L of \frak A {\frak A} (i) the quotient \frak A/L {\frak A}/L has the approximation property and (ii) the canonical map from \frak A \check? L^{^} {\frak A} \check{\otimes} L^\perp to (\frak A / L) \check? L^{^} ({\frak A} / L) \check{\otimes} L^\perp is open, then \frak A {\frak A} is finite-dimensional. As an application, we show that, if \frak A {\frak A} is an amenable Banach algebra whose underlying Banach space is an \scr L^p {\scr L}^p -space with p ? (1,￥) p\in (1,\infty) such that for each maximal left ideal L the quotient \frak A/L {\frak A}/L has the approximation property, then \frak A {\frak A} is finite-dimensional.     

Generators of C0‐groups with smallest spectra

Let T = {T (t)}_{t ∈?} be a C₀‐group on a Banach space X with generator A. Under what conditions the assumption σ (A) = {0} implies that A = 0? This is called “A = 0” problem. In this paper we present some results related to this problem. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Convergence Theorems for Best Approximations in a Nonreflexive Banach Space

In this paper, we study continuity properties of the mappingP: (x, A)→P_A(x) in a nonreflexive Banach space where PA is the metric projection onto A. Our results extend the existing convergence theorems on the best approximations in a reflexive Banach space to nonreflexive Banach spaces by using Wijsman convergence of sets.     

Spectral Sets and the Drazin Inverse with Applications to Second Order Differential Equations

The paper defines and studies the Drazin inverse for a closed linear operator A in a Banach space X in the case that 0 belongs to a spectral set of the spectrum of A. Results are applied to extend a result of Krein on a nonhomogeneous second order differential equation in a Banach space.     

Derivations into duals of ideals of Banach algebras

We introduce two notions of amenability for a Banach algebra A. LetI be a closed two-sided ideal inA, we sayA is I-weakly amenable if the first cohomology group ofA with coefficients in the dual space I* is zero; i.e.,H ¹(A, I*) = {0}, and,A is ideally amenable ifA isI-weakly amenable for every closed two-sided idealI inA. We relate these concepts to weak amenability of Banach algebras. We also show that ideal amenability is different from amenability and weak amenability. We study theI-weak amenability of a Banach algebraA for some special closed two-sided idealI.     

Sup and Max Properties for the Numerical Radius of Operators in Banach Spaces

The article deals with the following problem: given a bounded linear operator A in a Banach space X, how can multiplication of A by an operator of norm one (contraction) affect the numerical radius of A? The approach used in this work is close to that employed by Vieira and Kubrusly in 2007 for their study concerning spectral radius. It turns out that this study is closely related to the study of V-operators conducted in 2005 by Khatskevich, Ostrovskii, and Shulman; the results of this article demonstrate that in certain cases the obtained property of an operator implies that it is a V-operator, while in some other cases the converse is true.     

Application of bases to the study of measures and operators on measure spaces

Summary Under investigation are measures m defined on a σ-algebraA with range in a Banach space X having a Schauder basis {x_n}. Utilizing the corresponding coefficient functionals and coefficient measures, we study the interaction between properties for these measures and properties for the existing measure m. For the spaceCA(A, X) of all countably additive measures of finite variation fromA into X, we show that certain separable subspaces of it are isomorphic-isometric with certain separable subspaces of functions of bounded variation on the interval [0, 1]. For {v_n} inCA(A, X) such that {v_n(A)} converges to v(A) for all A εA a certain ? control measure ? is constructed. An integral for set functions relative to a measure is defined and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for weak convergence. Bounded operators on the space FAC(A,R) of finitelly additive scalar valued set functions onA which are absolutely continuous with respect to λ are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for continuity and for compactness are given for Banach space valued operators T defined on such spaces. Weak compactness of T is also studied. Finally, a different kind of representation is given for Banach space valued operators defined on the space FA_v(A, X) of finitely additive set functions fromA into X. Entrata in Redazione il 26 novembre 1976. The first author expresses his gratitude to the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and the Università degli Studi di Param for the support of his work during his tenure as Visiting Professor of Mathematics. This work was supported by NATO Research Grant No. 835.     

Existence and quasilinearization in Banach spaces

We establish some existence results for the nonlinear problem Au=f in a reflexive Banach space V, without and with upper and lower solutions. We then consider the application of the quasilinearization method to the above mentioned problem. Under fairly general assumptions on the nonlinear operator A and the Banach space V, we show that this problem has a solution that can be obtained as the strong limit of two quadratically convergent monotone sequences of solutions of certain related linear equations.     

On Inessential Elements in Different Banach Algebras

If B is a subalgebra of a Banach algebra A we consider the problem of determining conditions that ensure that an element of B that exhibits a property in B also exhibits this property when viewed as an element of A. Further, we consider the converse problem whereby an element of B exhibiting a property in A also exhibits this property in B. We extend the analysis of this problem in the setting of inessential and quasi inessential elements. Secondly, we characterise positive quasi inessential elements in the setting of ordered Banach algebras. The quasi inessential elements are the analogues of quasi compact operators.     

Diagonal sequence property in Banach spaces with weaker topologies

We investigate the diagonal sequence property in Banach spaces with weaker topologies. In particular, we present examples of Banach spaces with weaker locally convex topologies which have the diagonal sequence property but are not Fréchet–Urysohn. The examples answer negatively a question of Averbukh and Smolyanov. We give also a very simple proof of the fact that each Banach space contains a subset A whose weak closure includes 0, but 0 is not contained in the weak closure of any bounded subset of A.     

Basic Sequences in the Dual of a Fréchet Space

In this paper we study some properties of basic sequences in the dual of a Fréechet space. As a consequence we obtain that if E is a Fréechet space with the property that for each closed subspace F of E and each bounded subset B of E/F there is a bounded subset A of E with φ(A) = B, where φ denotes the canonical surjection of E onto E/F, then one of the following conditions is at least satisfied: 1. E is a Banach space, 2. E is a Schwartz space, 3. E is the product of a Banach space by ω. Finally, we also obtain some results concerning totally reflexive spaces.     

A short proof of a theorem on complex lindenstrauss spaces

A short proof is given of a theorem of Lima which asserts that a Banach spaceA with the property that every family of four balls inA with the weak intersection property has a non-empty intersection, is a Lindenstrauss space, i.e.A* is isometric to anL ¹(μ)-space.     

Banach Spaces with the PC Property

A Banach space X possesses the PC (point of continuity) property if for any w-closed bounded subset A ? X the identity map (A,w)→(A, ∥ ? ∥) has a point of continuity (w is the weak topology in X). We deduce some criteria for Banach spaces to have the PC property and describe (for dual Banach spaces) relationships between spaces possessing the PC property and spaces possessing the RN or the WRN property.

     

Least squares and bounded variation regularization with nondifferentiable functionals

Let A be an operator from a real Banach space into a real Hilbert space. In this paper we study least squares regularization methods for the ill-posed operator equation A(u) = f using nonlinear nondifferentiable penalty functionals. We introduce a notion of distributional approximation, and use constructs of distributional approximations to establish convergence and stability of approximations of bounded variation solutions of the operator equation. We also show that the results provide a framework for a rigorous analysis of numerical methods based on Euler-Lagrange equations to solve the minimization problem. This justifies many of the numerical implementation schemes of bounded variation minimization that have been recently proposed.     

On universal Banach spaces of density continuum

We consider the question whether there exists a Banach space X of density continuum such that every Banach space of density at most continuum isomorphically embeds into X (called a universal Banach space of density c). It is well known that ℓ_∞/c ₀ is such a space if we assume the continuum hypothesis. Some additional set-theoretic assumption is indeed needed, as we prove in the main result of this paper that it is consistent with the usual axioms of set-theory that there is no universal Banach space of density c. Thus, the problem of the existence of a universal Banach space of density c is undecidable using the usual axioms of set-theory.     

Cohomological Characterizations of Biprojective and Biflat Banach Algebras

 Let A be a biprojective Banach algebra, and let A-mod-A be the category of Banach A-bimodules. In this paper, for every given -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups . Furthermore, we give some cohomological characterizations of biprojective Banach algebras. In particular, we show that the following properties of a Banach algebra A are equivalent to its biprojectivity: (i) for all -mod -A; (ii) for all -mod-A; (iii) for all -mod-A. (Here and are, respectively, the Banach A-bimodules of left, right and double multipliers of X.) Further, if A is a biflat Banach algebra and -mod-A, we compute all the cohomology groups , where is the Banach A-bimodule dual to X. Also, we give cohomological characterizations of biflat Banach algebras. We prove that a Banach algebra A is biflat if and only if any of the following conditions is valid: (i’) for all -mod-A; (ii’) for all -mod-A; (iii’) for all -mod-A.     

Linear functionals on nonlinear spaces and applications to problems from viscoplasticity theory

A classical result in the theory of monotone operators states that if C is a reflexive Banach space, and an operator A: C→C^* is monotone, semicontinuous and coercive, then A is surjective. In this paper, we define the ‘dual space’ C^* of a convex, usually not linear, subset C of some Banach space X (in general, we will have C^*⊃X^*) and prove an analogous result. Then, we give an application to problems from viscoplasticity theory, where the natural space to look for solutions is not linear. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Averaged Robbins – Monro Method for Linear Problems in a Banach Space

We consider a recursive method of Robbins–Monro type to solve the linear problem Ax=V in a Banach space. The bounded linear operator A and the vector V are assumed to be observable with some noise only. According to Polyak and Ruppert we use gains converging to zero slower than 1/n and take the average of the iterates as an estimator for the solution of the linear problem. Under weak conditions on the noise processes almost sure and distributional invariance principles are shown.