强流重离子束驱动的高能量密度物理研究进展

强流高能离子束可以准等容加热任何高密度样品,制备出尺度大、状态均匀、内部无冲击波的高能量密度物质,为实验室研究高能量密度物理提供了一种独特的新手段。介绍了国内外典型的强流重离子加速器装置及其与高能量密度物理相关的关键参数设计和研究规划;展示了基于粒子和流体模拟的离子束驱动高能量密度物质产生和状态演化规律进展;介绍了一套兼具高时空分辨和高穿透力的高能电子成像诊断技术;分析了中低能区离子束与等离子体相互作用过程中的碰撞和电荷交换微观机制,以及激光加速超短超强离子束在等离子体中的非线性输运和欧姆能损机制。     

离子束修形中光学元件表面热量沉积数值模拟

根据Sigmund溅射能量沉积理论建立了低能离子入射光学元件引起的能量扰动层厚度模型．理论推导了离子束倾斜入射时光学元件表面的束流密度,并建立了低能离子束对光学元件的热量沉积模型．采用MonteCarlo方法模拟了低能离子与熔石英光学表面的相互作用．分析了离子能量、离子类型、入射角度等参数对光学元件热量沉积和扰动层深度的影响规律．以离子束沉积在工件的能量作为热源,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟了离子束入射工件的温度场分布、温度梯度场分布和温度应力分布．入射表面温度和热梯度呈高斯分布,束斑中心最高并向工件边缘逐渐减小．入射表面束斑区域受热膨胀,其膨胀受到外环区域的制约,从中心区域到大约束斑半峰值半径的区域,所受环向应力为压应力,在大致束斑半峰值半径以外区域为拉应力．     

Josephson junction fabrication by means of ion implantation and electron beam lithography

Josephson junction fabrication techniques by means of ion implantation, electron beam lithography and dry etching process are discussed. Current voltage characteristics, temperature and an applied magnetic field dependence of a maximum zero-voltage current have been measured. Dose dependence of major junction parameters has also been investigated.     

The influence of ion bombardment on emission properties of small dust grains

Dust grains that are present in many plasma and vacuum systems and in the space usually carry a non-negligible charge. Their charging significantly depends on surface properties of the grain material. In cold plasma, charging is mainly given by electron attachment, nevertheless, when plasma becomes hot, other processes (secondary electron emission, field emission, etc.) take place. Emission properties of the grain surface could be modified by grain baking or by ion bombardment. Our study is carried out at the dust charging experiment dealing with a single dust grain electro-dynamically levitated in a 3D quadrupole trap. The grain can be exposed to the ion beam in the energy range of 100 eV–5 keV and to the electron beam in the energy range of 100 eV–10 keV. We have chosen He⁺ and Ar⁺ ions for the surface treatment and the observed influence on the surface properties is discussed in terms of secondary emission. A non-negligible shift of the secondary electron emission yield, as well as a change of energy distribution of secondary electrons, were measured after Ar⁺ bombardment. A preliminary study suggests that the effects of He⁺ and Ar⁺ are comparable.     

ECR ion source based low energy ion beam facility

Mass analyzed highly charged ion beams of energy ranging from a few keV to a few MeV plays an important role in various aspects of research in modern physics. In this paper a unique low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) set up at Nuclear Science Centre (NSC) for providing low and medium energy multiply charged ion beams ranging from a few keV to a few MeV for research in materials sciences, atomic and molecular physics is described. One of the important features of this facility is the availability of relatively large currents of multiply charged positive ions from an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source placed entirely on a high voltage platform. All the electronic and vacuum systems related to the ECR source including 10 GHz ultra high frequency (UHF) transmitter, high voltage power supplies for extractor and Einzel lens are placed on a high voltage platform. All the equipments are controlled using a personal computer at ground potential through optical fibers for high voltage isolation. Some of the experimental facilities available are also described.     

Band structure effects in high energy ion beam surface interaction at grazing incidence

The analysis of charge state distributions after the interaction of fast Li- and N-ions with a surface at grazing incidence at energies between 50 and 350 keV yields for Li a strongly suppressed and for N an enhanced fraction of neutrals in comparison to the beam-foil interaction. These findings are supported by corresponding alkali-spectra which are dominated by lines from transitions in singly ionized atoms. The experiments are consistently interpreted in terms of a two step model: (1) collisional excitation in the close vicinity of the surface and (2) modification of this population by resonant electron transfer from (to) non localized states in the conduction (valence) band to (from) the ion. The model is also applied to interpret recent beam-foil experiments where preferential populations of Rydberg levels in highly ionized atoms were found.     

Secondary emission from small dust grains at high electron energies

A previous model for secondary electron emission from small grains is modified to calculate yields for micron sized grains, both spherical and cylindrical, when the primary electrons constitute a high energy parallel beam. It is found that, in general, the secondary electron yield is significantly higher than for the case of normal incidence. Moreover, the equilibrium potentials of the grain are always positive due to this enhanced secondary emission. These results are compared with experimental data recently available for micron sized glass particles, and equilibrium potentials, calculated based on the model presented here, and are found to be in reasonably good agreement with their measured potentials     

离子与尘埃相互作用对离子声波和尘埃声波的影响

基于流体力学方程和与时间相关的线性微扰理论,分析了尘埃等离子体环境中离子与尘埃粒子的相互作用对离子声波和尘埃声波的影响,结果表明两者间的相互作用使得离子声波变得稳定而使尘埃声波变得不稳定。     

A modular solid state detector for measuring high energy heavy ion fragmentation near the beam axis

A multi-element solid state detector has been designed to measure fluences of fragments produced near the beam axis by high energy heavy ion beams in thick targets. The detector is compact and modular, so as to be readily reconfigured according to the range of fragment charges and energies to be measured. Preamplifier gain settings and detector calibrations are adjustable remotely under computer control. We describe the central detector, its associated detectors and electronics, triggering scheme, data acquisition and particle identification techniques, illustrated by data taken with 600 MeV/u 56Fe beams and thick polyethylene targets at the LBL Bevalac. The applications of this work to space radiation protection are discussed.     

激光辐照热力耦合问题的相似性

由量纲理论出发,分析了激光辐照热力耦合理论的无量纲化基本方程组。在一定的近似条件下,导出了激光辐照热力耦合问题的一般相似性准则,该相似准则不受与温度相关的材料特性的约束。在此基础上给出了强激光辐照充压圆柱壳体热力效应的缩比方法,并对一组实例进行了计算,得到了缩比模型与原型结果几乎完全相似的结论。理论分析与数值计算表明,激光辐照热力耦合问题在合理的近似下满足相似律。     

激光辐照热力耦合问题的相似性

 由量纲理论出发,分析了激光辐照热力耦合理论的无量纲化基本方程组。在一定的近似条件下,导出了激光辐照热力耦合问题的一般相似性准则,该相似准则不受与温度相关的材料特性的约束。在此基础上给出了强激光辐照充压圆柱壳体热力效应的缩比方法,并对一组实例进行了计算,得到了缩比模型与原型结果几乎完全相似的结论。理论分析与数值计算表明,激光辐照热力耦合问题在合理的近似下满足相似律。     

Irradiation effect of yttria-stabilized zirconia by high dose dual ion beam irradiation

Yttria-stabilized zirconia （YSZ） is irradiated with 2.0-MeV Au2＋ ions and 30-keV He＋ ions. Three types of He, Au, Au ＋ He （successively） ion irradiation are performed. The maximum damage level of a sequential dual ion beam implanted sample is smaller than single Au ion implanted sample. A comparable volume swelling is found in a sequential dual ion beam irradiated sample and it is also found in a single Au ion implanted sample. Both effects can be explained by the partial reorganization of the dislocation network into weakly damaged regions in the dual ion beam implanted YSZ. A vacancy-assisted helium trapping/diffusion mechanism in the dual ion beam irradiated condition is discussed. No phase transformation or amorphization behavior happens in all types of ion irradiated YSZ.     

高能质子束流强度绝对测量的二次电子补偿原理研究

高能质子入射到金属接收体表面诱发的二次电子直接影响束流强度的测量精度,如何消除二次电子影响是实现束流高精度测量的关键.根据高能带电粒子在金属表面诱发二次电子发射理论,对高能质子束流强度测量的二次电子补偿原理进行了研究,设计了二次电子补偿结构.采用三块金属极板构成的实验装置在高能质子源上开展实验研究,实验测得在中间极板上输出的电流与入射质子束流强度的比值小于0.7%,中间极板上二次电子得到补偿,验证了二次电子补偿原理的正确性.研究表明,采用设计的二次电子补偿结构对高能质子束流强度进行测量时二次电子贡献小于1%.     

强流脉冲离子束辐照双层靶能量沉积的数值模拟

利用拟合实验测得的TEMP Ⅱ型加速器磁绝缘二极管电压波形及其焦点附近束流密度曲线,建立了Gauss分布模型.采用Monte Carlo方法研究了强流脉冲离子束与铝材镀有不同厚度金膜的双层靶(金膜与铝材合称为双层靶)之间的相互作用,模拟了能量沉积的演化过程和随不同金膜厚度的变化情况.对脉冲离子束强化薄膜粘结性进行了探讨. 关键词： 强流脉冲离子束 双层靶 能量沉积 Monte Carlo方法     

Scattering of ion beam by the current-driven ion wave turbulence

The effective scattering of an ion beam by the ion wave turbulence is investigated experimentally. The results are compared with the values predicted theoretically.     

Detection of possible density isomers by means of high energy reaction products

We present a drastic effect in the cross section of high energy target fragments caused by a possible density isomer in the nuclear equation of state. The fluid dynamical model used here contains dissipative processes such as shear viscosity and heat conduction as well as a thermodynamic evaporation model at a late stage of the nuclear collision. In our calculations we consider as an example the reaction Ne+U at an impact parameterb=4 fm.     

强脉冲离子束横截面分布的测量

强脉冲离子束在靶上的横截面能量密度分布和束流焦点位置是束流分析和辐照效应研究中重要的技术参数.利用红外成像诊断技术,可以以较高的空间分辨率和能量密度分辨率对束流的横截面分布进行测量,并可以实现对束流焦点的测量和束流传输特性的分析.通过该实验,可以使学生掌握强脉冲加速器诊断的基本技能,加深对加速器原理及脉冲束流分布和传输特性的认识.     

Acceleration of dust particles by low-frequency Alfvén waves

We investigate the efficiency of acceleration of charged dust particles by low-frequency Alfvén waves in nonlinear approximation. We show that the longitudinal acceleration of dust particles is proportional to the square of the soliton amplitude O(²|bm|), while the transversal acceleration is of O(|bm|). In the conditions of the interstellar medium the resulting velocity of dust particles can reach 0.3 to 1 km s⁻¹.     

Process in high energy heavy ion acceleration

A review of processes that occur in high energy heavy ion acceleration by synchrotrons and colliders and that are essential for the accelerator performance is presented. Interactions of ions with the residual gas molecules/atoms and with stripping foils that deliberately intercept the ion trajectories are described in details. These interactions limit both the beam intensity and the beam quality. The processes of electron loss and capture lie at the root of heavy ion charge exchange injection. The review pays special attention to the ion induced vacuum pressure instability which is one of the main factors limiting the beam intensity. The intrabeam scattering phenomena which restricts the average luminosity of ion colliders is discussed. Some processes in nuclear interactions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions that could be dangerous for the performance of ion colliders are represented in the last chapter. The text was submitted by the author in English.