卟啉降冰片烯聚合物的合成、表征及性质研究

本文设计合成了卟啉的降冰片烯单体,采用Grubbs催化剂与长链烷基的降冰片烯单体开环易位聚合,直接得到了卟啉降冰片烯聚合物,通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、电化学等手段研究了卟啉降冰片烯聚合物的性质,与小分子单体相比,所得卟啉高分子共聚物相当好地保持了卟啉应有的光物理、电化学等特性.     

开环易位聚合合成瓶刷聚合物

瓶刷聚合物是一类具有独特侧链结构的梳形聚合物。功能性瓶刷聚合物在光子晶体、表面活性剂、医药载体、防污涂层以及智能材料等领域具有良好的应用价值。通过开环易位聚合合成瓶刷聚合物的方法具有合成步骤简单、聚合物接枝密度高和侧链组成均一等优点,在控制聚合物组成、分子量和分散性等方面具有显著优势。本文基于开环易位聚合,简述了合成瓶刷均聚物以及嵌段型、混合型和核-壳型三种类型的瓶刷共聚物的方法,并介绍了合成精确结构的瓶刷聚合物的新进展。     

两亲性树枝状嵌段共聚物刷的合成与构象研究

近期研究发现两亲性嵌段共聚物刷能引发“有序自发乳化”,一步法制备有序多孔光晶微球.上述研究主要基于侧链为线形聚合物的嵌段共聚物刷,而侧链拓扑结构变化对乳液受限自组装的影响尚不明确.本工作中设计合成了亲水和疏水的降冰片烯基楔形单体,并通过顺序开环易位聚合(ROMP)成功合成了一类两亲性树枝状嵌段共聚物刷.通过核磁氢谱(¹H-NMR)清晰表征了产物的化学结构,凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表明共聚物的分子量呈较窄的单峰分布,聚合反应过程具有较好的可控性.通过改变单体和催化剂的比例获得不同分子量的共聚物刷,利用凝胶渗透色谱联用光散射(GPC-MALS)研究了侧链结构对聚合物溶液构象的影响,结果显示一代树枝状共聚物刷表现为无规线团构象,而二代产物则呈现棒状构象,单个聚合物链的原子力(AFM)表征证实了上述结果.     

氨基酸功能化环辛烯单体的区域及立体选择性开环易位聚合

合成具有可控初级结构的侧链型氨基酸聚合物,使其与具有完全精确初级结构的生物大分子相媲美,在高分子合成化学中仍然是一个长期的挑战。 在本文中,设计与合成了(环辛基-2-烯-1-羰基)-L-亮氨酸酰胺甲酯(1)和(环辛基-2-烯-1-羰基)-L-亮氨酸酰胺(2),通过Grubbs二代催化的开环易位聚合,合成了具有高反式双键选择性、高头尾区域选择性的亮氨酸衍生均聚物以及共聚物,这些聚合物具有相对较窄的相对分子质量分布(1.3~1.6)。 当组成为n(1)：n(2)=50：50嵌段共聚物在丙酮中形成以亲水嵌段poly(2)为核,疏水嵌段poly(1)为壳的半径为30 nm的反相胶束。 然而,相同组成的无规共聚物则难溶于丙酮中。这些具有明确的区域及立体结构的氨基酸衍生聚合物为仿生材料的相关应用奠定了基础。     

原子转移自由基聚合的研究进展

综述了原子转移自由基“活性”聚合研究的进展，包括采用的各种引发体系，聚合反应机理，动力学研究以及所合成的各种模型聚合物。通过原子 转移自由基聚合可以方便地合成各种结构的模型聚合物，２包括窄分的均聚物，交替，无规和渐变共聚物、特殊链端的聚合物，嵌段和接枝共聚物等。     

以聚苯乙烯为把的聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)梳型聚合物的制备

高分子的自组装已成为当今高分子科学的热门研究课题之一[1] .开展该研究工作 ,首先要获得特定结构的聚合物 .我们设计合成如图 1所示的梳型聚合物 ,调节制备Ａ ,Ｂ ,Ｃ三链段所用的单体和它们的聚合度等参数 ,并进一步进行自组装研究 .若Ａ段是结晶聚合物 ,且熔融温度低于Ｃ段的玻璃化转变温度 ,则在定型储能材料等方面具有应用前景 .合成梳型嵌段聚合物有三个方法 ,即发散 (Ｇｒａｆｔｆｒｏｍ) ,收敛 (Ｇｒａｆｔｔｏ)和大分子方法 .采用大分子技术 ,每个梳型链长及支化密度可控 ,一直是人们青睐的方法[2 ] .一般采用与普通烯类单体共聚…     

甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡和甲墓丙烯酸异戊酯共聚合参数的测定

有机锡聚合物兼具杀菌防腐的生物活性功能和一般高分子材料的结构功能，有着潜在的应用前景［１］。本工作应用Ｘ射线萤光光谱测定甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡（ＴＢＴＭ）和甲基丙烯酸异戊酯（ＩＰＭＡ）共聚物中锡的含量。方便，迅速地获得了该共聚物的组成，计算了ＴＢＴＭ和ＩＰＭＡ在四氢呋喃中，５５℃下共聚合的竞聚率，其结果分别为０．２９和０．２４。     

N—异丙基丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸十八酯共聚物水溶液胶束及相分？…

合成了Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＡＭ）和丙烯酸十八酯（ＯＤＡ）的共聚物，利用荧光探针和滴重法研究了ＮＩＰＡＭ－烘聚物在水溶液中的胶束形成过程，同时还利用荧光探针法研究了共聚物水溶液在温度升高时出现的ＬＣＳＴ现象，表明该高分子在温度升高时存在着相分离现象，利用Ｌ－Ｂ技术测量共聚物不溶单分子膜的π－Ａ曲线，发现随着温度升高共聚物的单分子膜越来越凝聚的反常现象，这从另一个侧面证实了共聚物ＮＩＰＡＭＯＤＡ     

卟啉和噻吩共聚物的电化学聚合和电性质

合成了低聚噻吩取代卟啉化合物及其金属络合物。采用电化学氧化偶合法将含噻吩基的卟啉金属络合物进行电聚合,形成交联结构的ＴＰ共聚物。该聚合物薄膜具有良好的电导性,电导率位于有机半导体电导率范围。对不同金属卟啉络合物进行有序组装,得到的夹心电池ＩＴＯ／聚ＰｓＴＢＴＰ／聚ＺｎＴＢＴＰ／Ａｕ具有明显的整流作用,整流特性地有机半导体的ｐ－ｐ’结。     

液晶嵌段共聚物PET/60PHB-b-PC的合成及结构与性能

采用ＰＥＴ齐聚物的原位乙酰化法通过加入少量乙二醇（ＥＧ）合成了端羟基液晶聚合物ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ，并将其作为大单体，与双酚Ａ及碳酸二苯酯通过熔融酯交换法，进一步制得了液晶嵌段共聚物ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ ｂ ＰＣ．研究了合成规律，并借助粘度测定、ＤＳＣ、偏光显微镜、Ｘ 光衍射和红外光谱分析等手段对合成的液晶嵌段共聚物进行了表征．研究表明，当ＰＥＴ齐聚物的ηｉｎｈ＝００５～００７ｄＬ／ｇ，Ａｃ２Ｏ／ＰＨＢ（ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ）＝１３，ＥＧ／ＰＥＴ（ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ）＝００６时能获得颜色、液晶性、溶解性均很好的端羟基液晶聚合物ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ，以此液晶聚合物为原料，采用合适的配方与工艺，能获得粘度较高、液晶性较好，并且熔体流动性很好的液晶嵌段共聚物ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ ｂ ＰＣ．通过偏光显微镜与Ｘ 光衍射观察，证明此嵌段共聚物呈现向列型液晶织构，但其液晶态织构与纯ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ、ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ和ＰＣ的混合物明显不同．此外，还初步建立了用红外的分析手段鉴定液晶聚合物ＰＥＴ／６０ＰＨＢ端基的方法．     

Tunable instability mechanisms of polymer thin films by molecular self-assembly

Incorporation of a block copolymer into a thin polymer film is observed to alter both the rate and mechanism by which the film dewets from an immiscible polymer substrate. Films with little or no copolymer dewet by classical nucleation and growth of circular holes, and the dewetting rate decreases with increasing copolymer concentration. Increasing the copolymer content at constant film thickness generates copolymer micelles that adsorb/aggregate along the polymer/polymer interface and promote nonclassical dewetting fluctuations similar in appearance to spinodal dewetting. At higher copolymer concentrations, dewetting proceeds after a lengthy induction period by the nucleation and growth of flower-shaped holes suggestive of film pinning or viscous fingering. Atomic force microscopy of the polymer/polymer interface after removal of the top film by selective dissolution reveals substantial structural development due to copolymer self-assembly.     

The structure and phase transitions in polymer blends,diblock copolymers and liquid crystalline polymers: The Landau-Ginzburg approach

The polymer systems are discussed in the framework of the Landau-Ginzburg model. The model is derived from the mesoscopic Edwards Hamiltonian via the conditional partition function. We discuss flexible, semiflexible and rigid polymers. The following systems are studied: polymer blends, flexible diblock and multi-block copolymer melts, random copolymer melts, ring polymers, rigid-flexible diblock copolymer melts, mixtures of copolymers and homopolymers and mixtures of liquid crystalline polymers. Three methods are used to study the systems: mean-field model, self consistent one-loop approximation and self consistent field theory. The following problems are studied and discussed: the phase diagrams, scattering intensities and correlation functions, single chain statistics and behavior of single chains close to critical points, fluctuations induced shift of phase boundaries. In particular we shall discuss shrinking of the polymer chains close to the critical point in polymer blends, size of the Ginzburg region in polymer blends and shift of the critical temperature. In the rigid-flexible diblock copolymers we shall discuss the density nematic order parameter correlation function. The correlation functions in this system are found to oscillate with the characteristic period equal to the length of the rigid part of the diblock copolymer. The density and nematic order parameter measured along the given direction are anticorrelated. In the flexible diblock copolymer system we shall discuss various phases including the double diamond and gyroid structures. The single chain statistics in the disordered phase of a flexible diblock copolymer system is shown to deviate from the Gaussian statistics due to fluctuations. In the one loop approximation one shows that the diblock copolymer chain is stretched in the point where two incompatible blocks meet but also that each block shrinks close to the microphase separation transition. The stretching outweights shrinking and the net result is the increase of the radius of gyration above the Gaussian value. Certain properties of homopolymer/copolymer systems are discussed. Diblock copolymers solubilize two incompatible homopolymers by forming a monolayer interface between them. The interface has a positive saddle splay modulus which means that the interfaces in the disordered phase should be characterized by a negative Gaussian curvature. We also show that in such a mixture the Lifshitz tricritical point is encountered. The properties of this unusual point are presented. The Lifshitz, equimaxima and disorder lines are shown to provide a useful tool for studying local ordering in polymer mixtures. In the liquid crystalline mixtures the isotropic nematic phase transition is discussed. We concentrate on static, equilibrium properties of the polymer systems.     

Instabilities in block copolymer films induced by compressible solvents

We combine a simple lattice-gas model for fluid mixtures along with polymer mean-field theory for block copolymer melts to study the stability of thin films of diblock copolymers in the presence of compressible fluid solvents. Using a free energy analysis, the stable and unstable thicknesses of a copolymer thin film are obtained for given solvent conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between confinement, the compressibility of the solvent, and its selectivity to polymer component can lead to significant changes on the ordering and stability of the diblock copolymer thin films. Our results are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental results.     

STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE DOMAINS IN SEMICRYSTALLINE BLOCK COPOLYMER THIN FILMS

Thin film morphology of a symmetric semicrystalline oxyethylene/oxybutylene diblock copolymer （E76B38） on silicon was investigated by tapping mode atomic force microscopy （AFM）. It is found that the nascent thin film is composed of multiple polymer layers having mixed thicknesses of L ≈ L0 and L ≈ L0/2 （L0 is the long period of the block copolymer in bulk） besides the first layer near the substrate. This shows that the crystalline domain in the block copolymer consists of double poly（oxyethylene） layers. Annealing leads to disappearance of the polymer layers with thickness L ≈L0/2, indicating that such polymer layers are metastable.     

Surface-induced phase transition of asymmetric diblock copolymer in selective solvents

Surface-induced phase transition of asymmetric diblock copolymer in selective solvents is first theoretically investigated by using the real-space version of self-consistent field theory (SCFT). By varying the distance between two parallel hard surfaces (or the film thickness) W and the block copolymer concentration f(p), several morphologies are predicted and the phase diagram is constructed. Self-assembly morphologies of the diblock copolymer in dilute solution are found to change significantly with different film thickness. In confined systems, stable morphologies found in the bulk solution become unstable due to the loss of polymer conformation entropy. We find that in a very dilute block copolymer solution, phase separation can be induced through polymer depletion as the solution becomes more confined. Our findings provide an interesting starting point for a renewed effort in both experimental and theoretical investigations of confined block copolymer solutions.     

Micellar and Antibody-Targeted Polymer Therapeutics

Summary: Synthesis, physicochemical and some biological properties of new actively targeted antibody-containing and passively targeted micellar polymer - doxorubicin conjugates were investigated. Polymer precursors used for the synthesis of the conjugates were based on semitelechelic N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with reactive groups situated at the polymer chain end or on multivalent copolymer with groups randomly distributed along the polymer backbone. Micellar HPMA-copolymer-based pharmaceuticals were prepared by self-assembly of copolymer–doxorubicin conjugates containing hydrophobic cholesterol ligands attached to the copolymer via hydrolytically degradable spacer. pH-Controlled release of cholesterol derivative is a key-point for disintegration of the micellar drug carrier after delivering the drug to the tumor tissue. Synthesis of star antibody-targeted polymer conjugates takes advantage of reduction of disulfide bridges in antibody with dithiothreitol followed by conjugation with the semitelechelic copolymer thus avoiding modification of the binding site in the antibody for its antigen. Both conjugates differing in their molecular architecture and mechanism of action are promising candidates for in vivo antitumor therapy.     

P(VAc-MA)/PMMA为基体的聚合物电解质制备及其在电致变色器件中的应用

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和丙烯酸甲酯(MA)为单体, 采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了无规共聚物P(VAc-MA), 以PMMA与P(VAc-MA)的共混物为基体制备了聚合物电解质. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、紫外光谱(UV)、力学性能测试及电化学交流阻抗等方法研究了聚合物、聚合物膜和聚合物电解质的性质. 结果表明, VAc与MA通过打开各自的CC键聚合生成P(VAc-MA); P(VAc-MA)与PMMA共混后结晶状态发生了变化, 增加了无定形相区, 降低了链段运动的能量壁垒, 提高了热稳定性和拉伸强度. 以P(VAc-MA)/PMMA为基体的聚合物电解质膜具有很高的透明性, 最大室温电导率达到1.17×10-3 S/cm; 离子电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增加, 电导率-温度曲线符合Arrhenius方程; 将此电解质用于全固态电致变色显示器件显示出优良的性能.     

Dynamic modeling of the morphology of latex particles with in situ formation of graft copolymer

Modification of the polymer–polymer interfacial tension is a way to tailor‐make particle morphology of waterborne polymer–polymer hybrids. This allows achieving a broader spectrum of application properties and maximizing the synergy of the positive properties of both polymers, avoiding their drawbacks. In situ formation of graft copolymer during polymerization is an efficient way to modify the polymer–polymer interfacial tension. Currently, no dynamic model is available for polymer–polymer hybrids in which a graft copolymer is generated during polymerization. In this article, a novel model based on stochastic dynamics is developed for predicting the dynamics of the development of particle morphology for composite waterborne systems in which a graft copolymer is produced in situ during the process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Photophysical and viscometric properties of naphthalene-labeled acrylamide/N,N-dimethyl maleimido propyl ammonium propane sulfonate copolymer

 The synthesis, viscometric, and fluorescence properties of a water-soluble zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer, poly(ADMMAPS)/NA, are reported. When fluorescent hydrophobes (naphthyl group) are incorporated into the zwitterionic copolymer, the photophysical response may effectively probe solution behavior on the microscopic level. Experimental results indicate that I _E/I _M steadily increases with increases in polymer concentration. I _E/I _M in aqueous solution is greater than that in aqueous potassium chloride solution. Dynamic light scattering (QELS) measurements show that hydrodynamic diameters of the naphthalene-labeled zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer increase with an increasing salt concentration. Viscosity studies reveal that the polymer coil expanded as more salt is added. In fluorescence quenching study, the reduction in the quenching efficiency of Tl⁺ with salt addition can arise from enhanced compartmentalization of naphthalene labels as added electrolyte enhances intrapolymer micellization. The intrapolymer micelle is easily formed, indicating that the thallium ion has difficulty reacting with bound naphthalenes located in the polymer coil. The naphthalene-labeled zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer is depicted as a compacted polymer coil conformation in deionized water because of intra-and inter-associations. Consequently, salt addition breaks up the associations and enhances the intrapolymer micellization. The microscopic and macroscopic behaviors of zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer differ a lot from those of the corresponding cationic copolymer. Received: 4 February 1997 Accepted: 1 May 1997     

Direct analysis of polymer pyrolysis using laser microprobe techniques

A laser microprobe-mass analysis technique has been developed which enables the overall course of polymer decomposition processes to be directly followed. Volatile pyrolysis products evolved during laser-vaporization of the polymer substrate are immediately formed into a molecular beam and mass analyzed. Modulated molecular beam techniques are utilized to provide increased detection sensitivity and to aid in the analysis of complex mass spectra by providing a means to directly discriminate parent ions from fragment ions. Elimination of intermediate product collection stages permits the time-resolved behavior of the polymer decomposition process to be investigated. Results are presented for rigid and plasticized polyvinyl chloride, a polyoxymethylene copolymer and a polyester elastomer block copolymer.