部分阵元参考法校正超声成像相位畸变的仿真研究

本文应用互相关技术在阵元接收射频信号噪比不同情况下，对部分阵元参考法校正超声成像位畸变进行了仿真实验。     

提高广角成像系统几何畸变数字校正精度的方法

光学成像系统非线性几何畸变的高精度数字校正仍然是一个未能很好解决的问题。其中 ,衡量畸变程度的参数难以精确测量是最重要的原因之一。在以径向几何畸变为主的非线性几何畸变模型中 ,通过对影响畸变参数测量精度的各种因素的分析 ,提出了提高畸变参数测量精度的方法。详细介绍了通过计算机自动测量畸变参数的算法 ,并给出了实现数字校正的算法。实验表明 ,能够比较精确地测出实现畸变校正所需的各参数。应用到不规则平面物体面积的测量中 ,获得了很好的效果     

投影式幻影成像中局域几何畸变的校正方法研究

在幻影成像系统中,投影式成像装置具有制造成本低、成像系统操作便捷的优点,但由于投影光线发散和光源处光束偏轴角的存在,投影图像照射到四棱锥斜面时会发生几何畸变,导致三维模型失真.针对该问题,提出一种投影图像局域几何畸变的校正方法.通过提取投影图片,分析并建立投影图像形状和三维模型失真程度的映射关系,利用透视变换,构建投影...     

面向开环扫描系统的超声图像畸变校正方法*

超声显微成像技术广泛应用于工业无损检测领域。相较于闭环、半闭环扫描系统硬件复杂、成本高,开环扫描系统结构简单、成本低,但由于无反馈机制会导致步进电机的非线性运动引起图像像素错位畸变。因此,消除非线性运动带来的错位畸变是采用开环扫描系统实现高质量超声成像的关键。该文提出集最大值投影法、最大类间方差法和中心坐标校正法于一体的MIP-Otsu-C³M方法,对开环扫描系统获得的硬币回波数据采用最大值投影法获取初始灰度图像,采用最大类间方差法获取感兴趣区域的B扫描图像边缘像素位置,并采用中心坐标校正法成功消除像素错位,解决了超声C扫描图像畸变问题。对消除错位畸变的回波数据进行飞行时间法和傅里叶变换法图像重建,直接获得了非畸变的三维图像和透视图像。该新颖算法也验证了最大值投影法可拓展至图像畸变校正应用。     

最小方差波束形成与广义相干系数融合的医学超声成像方法

为了在医学超声成像过程中提高分辨率并修正由生物组织的声速不均匀性引入的聚焦误差,提出了将最小波束形成与广义相干系数融合的高分辨率成像方法.首先对阵元数据进行延时聚焦处理,得到了聚焦后的多通道数据;然后对多通道数据进行最小方差波束形成,同时把阵元数据变换到波束域,计算广义相干系数;最后利用广义相干系数加权最小波束形成的结...     

彩色超声血流成像中基于回波频率跟踪的正交解调方法

为了消除由超声频率下移所引起的血流速度估计精度的下降,提出了一种基于回波频率跟踪的正交解调方法。首先建立了回波中心频率随深度下移的线性模型;然后使用传统I/Q(Inphase/Quadrature)解调方法得到有偏的基带信号,采用自相关方法沿深度方向分段估计中心频率的下移量,并利用估计出的这些值对所建立的线性模型进行拟合;最后利用拟合后的模型来实时跟踪回波的中心频率,并将其作为参考频率再进行I/Q解调。仿真和试验结果表明,基于回波频率跟踪的正交解调方法能够得到近似无偏的基带信号,提高血流速度估计的准确度和精度,改善彩色超声血流成像的质量。     

A coherence-based phase aberration correction method in medical ultrasound

A coherence-based correction method was proposed in order to improve the lateral resolution and enhance the contrast of medical ultrasound imaging in the presence of phase aberration.The averaged coherence factor was proposed at first and used as a metric to evaluate phase aberration correction.By maximizing the averaged coherence factor,the time delay parameter of each channel was adjusted.A new set of coherence factors was calculated and the corrected data was optimized to form the final B-mode image.The simulations on point targets and a cyst phantom showed that the proposed method outperformed the nearest neighboring cross correlation method and conventional coherence-weighting method,and the lateral resolution and contrast ratio was improved by approximately 0.24mm and 18dB respectively.The proposed method combined the advantages of phase error correction and coherence-weighting,which could improve imaging qualities effectively in medical ultrasound.     

Iteration of transmit-beam aberration correction in medical ultrasound imaging

Simulations of iterative transmit-beam aberration correction using a time-delay and amplitude filter have been performed to study the convergence of such a process. Aberration in medical ultrasonic imaging is usually modeled by arrival-time and amplitude fluctuations concentrated on the transducer array. This is an approximation of the physical aberration process, and may be applied to correct the transmitted signal using a time-delay and amplitude filter. Estimation of such a filter has proven difficult in the presence of severe aberration. Presented here is an iterative approach, whereby a filter estimate is applied to correct the transmit-beam. This beam induces acoustic backscatter better suited for arrival-time and amplitude estimation, thus facilitating an improved filter estimate. Two correlation-based methods for estimating arrival-time and amplitude fluctuations in received echoes from random scatterers were employed. Aberration was introduced using eight models emulating aberration produced by the human abdominal wall. Results show that only a few iterations are needed to obtain corrected transmit-beam profiles comparable to those of an ideal aberration correction filter. Furthermore, a previously developed focusing criterion is found to quantify the convergence accurately.     

Phase aberration correction in medical ultrasound using speckle brightness as a quality factor

Medical ultrasonic images are degraded by tissues with inhomogeneous acoustic velocities. The resulting phase aberration raises the off-peak response of the imaging system's point spread function (PSF), decreasing dynamic range. In extreme cases, multiple images of a single target are displayed. Phase aberration may become a limiting factor to image quality as ultrasonic frequency and aperture size are increased in order to improve spatial resolution. A method is proposed to correct for unknown phase aberration, which uses speckle brightness as a quality factor. The phase delays of a phased array transducer are modified, element by element, to maximize mean speckle brightness in a region of interest. The technique proposed is analogous to the correction technique used by Muller and Buffington [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 (9), 1200-1209 (1974)] to adaptively focus incoherent optical telescopes. The method is demonstrated using a computer model with several different simulated aberration profiles. With this model, mean speckle brightness is calculated using the two-dimensional PSF. Experiments have also been conducted in which speckle brightness is shown to increase as the phase delays of an ultrasonic scanner are modified in order to compensate for a rippled aberrating layer made of silicone rubber. The characteristics of the proposed method, and the possibility of employing it clinically to correct for unknown inhomogeneities in acoustic velocity, are discussed.     

低频位相误差新校正方法模拟研究

 就多程放大系统中产生的低频位相噪声，提出用位相补偿反射镜来进行补偿的静态校正方法。用随机位相屏模拟光学元件产生的低频位相噪声，建立光传输模拟模型，引入等效位相片的概念，将数个光学元件对位相的影响简化为等效位相片，在此基础上对位相补偿反射镜的校正原理进行阐述。进而对双程光路校正过程进行了模拟研究，得到了很好的校正效果。     

超声平面波经颅成像相位校正方法

超声平面波经颅成像时,由于颅骨对超声传播的影响引起图像质量下降,需要对颅骨造成的超声相位畸变进行校正.为此,该文研究了两种相位补偿方法:基于近似射线声学的理论方法和基于时间反转的数值计算方法,并利用数值仿真对比了两种方法的补偿和成像效果.结果表明:无论使用近似射线法还是时间反转法,都能够有效地校正因颅骨造成的相位畸变;...     

Harmonic source wavefront aberration correction for ultrasound imaging

A method is proposed which uses a lower-frequency transmit to create a known harmonic acoustical source in tissue suitable for wavefront correction without a priori assumptions of the target or requiring a transponder. The measurement and imaging steps of this method were implemented on the Duke phased array system with a two-dimensional (2-D) array. The method was tested with multiple electronic aberrators [0.39π to 1.16π radians root-mean-square (rms) at 4.17 MHz] and with a physical aberrator 0.17π radians rms at 4.17 MHz) in a variety of imaging situations. Corrections were quantified in terms of peak beam amplitude compared to the unaberrated case, with restoration between 0.6 and 36.6 dB of peak amplitude with a single correction. Standard phantom images before and after correction were obtained and showed both visible improvement and 14 dB contrast improvement after correction. This method, when combined with previous phase correction methods, may be an important step that leads to improved clinical images.     

傅里叶变换光谱学相位校正的新方法

本文提出一种校正干涉图不对称性的新方法.采用本方法进行一次处理,就可把严重失对称的干涉图变成对称,从而可校正因相位误差而造成的复原光谱畸变.理论和实验都证明此方法比目前通用的各种相位校正方法有更好的效果.     

Raman phase conjugate resonator for intracavity aero-optic turbulence aberration correction

A cw degenerate phase conjugate resonator (PCR) with intracavity aero-optic turbulent flow is demonstrated using sodium vapor pumped with a low intensity cw laser. A turbulent helium jet at a high flow velocity of 250 m/s and forcing frequency of 18 kHz generated the spatio-temporal aberrations. The intracavity normalized peak-to-peak intensity fluctuations at 18 kHz measured with a pinhole-detector are ten times smaller in the corrected beam than in the aberrated beam. The threshold pump intensity for the resonator is 4.5 W/cm² in the absence of the turbulent flow. The pump frequency is tuned well within the Doppler width of the Na D₁ transition. Evidence of a degenerate (laboratory frame) double-Λ mechanism involving Zeeman sublevels is also shown.     

Techniques for phase correction in coherent ultrasound imaging systems

The problem of phase aberrations modeled as a near field thin phase screen is considered. Here three new techniques for phase aberration correction are presented. In the "central element" correction technique the echo-signal at each array element is aligned with the signal at the central array element. In the "variable speckle look-back" correction technique the signal at each array element is aligned with the sum of signals from all previously corrected elements. In the "variable central speckle look-back" correction technique the signal at each array element is aligned with the sum of signals from the central group of all previously corrected elements. The performance of new techniques for phase aberration correction is tested by means of simulating the point-spread function for both point and speckle targets. The results of simulation show that the new techniques have the better accuracy of phase correction than the classical "neighbor element" technique.