谐振式检测器指条厚度对质量型声表面波传感器灵敏度的影响

研究了谐振器指条厚度对质量型声表面波传感器灵敏度的影响.利用耦合模方程推导出耦合模参量与周期栅阵禁带边界频率的关系,结合有限元及P矩阵模型,获得了声表面波传感器灵敏度随指条厚度的变化关系。制备3种不同铝指条厚度(1600?,1900?,3100?)的声表面波谐振器,通过对其表面中心区域沉积SiO_2层验证了计算结果。结果表明:采用ST-X石英基底的声表面波谐振器对SiO_2负载检测时,传感器的灵敏度随铝指条厚度的增加先变大后减小,最优归一化指条厚度为1.9%。分析表明,指条厚度对传感器灵敏度的影响主要来自于传播速度和耦合系数的共同作用,通过优化指条厚度的方法可改善传感器的灵敏度.     

机电耦合系数和复阻抗对压电换能器脉冲波形的影响

在地震模型实验中,需要指向性均匀、脉冲持续时间短的低频压电换能器。实验发现,具有匹配背衬的换能器发射脉冲的视周期总是比无背衬的长;向水中辐射的脉冲波形比向细棒中辐射的复杂。但没见过对这些现象的详细解释。 本文仅从基本压电万程和梅森等效电路出发,计算了长度模压电换能器的传递函数,并用数值方法计算了机电耦合系数k_(33)和复阻抗对长度模压电换能器脉冲波形的影响。结果表明具有匹配背衬的换能器k_(33)越大,其“单极”脉宽越宽;且复阻抗使脉冲波形变复杂。我们进行了复阻抗对脉冲波形影响的实验,计算和实验基本符合。在一定的近似条件下,可作为设计和使用脉冲压电换能器的参考。     

基于指条厚度优化的冷凝式SAW气体传感器灵敏度提升方法

该文通过对声表面波谐振器指条厚度的优化提升了冷凝式气体传感器的灵敏度。基于流固耦合理论,利用有限元商业软件建立了有液膜负载和无液膜负载下的多物理场三维周期模型,并提取了相应的耦合模参量,利用耦合模模型及P矩阵级联技术,计算了不同指条厚度下液膜负载引起的传感器响应,获得了冷凝式声表面波气体传感器灵敏度随指条厚度的变化关系。实验中制备了6种不同电极厚度的声表面波谐振器,并利用甲基膦酸二甲酯实验样品完成了传感器的响应测试,验证了理论分析的正确性。结果表明,冷凝式声表面波气体传感器的灵敏度随指条厚度的增加先变大后减小,最优归一化电极厚度为6.4%～7.6%之间。该研究结果对进一步提升传感器灵敏度具有重要意义。     

Growth of aligned carbon nanotube arrays on metallic substrate and its application to supercapacitors

Aligned carbon nanotube arrays (ACNTAs) with lengths up to 150 μm were fabricated on metallic alloy (Inconel 600) substrates by pyrolysis of iron (II) phthalocyanine (FePc) in the presence of ethylene (C₂H₄). The as-grown ACNTAs, formed by aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes with high purity, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The ACNTAs were used directly as electrode materials in supercapacitors with (Et)₄NBF₄ + propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte, and their electrochemical properties were investigated. A rectangular-shaped cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve was observed even at a sweep rate of 1000 mV s⁻¹. The specific capacitance measured at 1000 mV s⁻¹ was about 57 % (47 F g⁻¹) of that obtained at 1 mV s⁻¹ (83 F g⁻¹), and an equivalent series resistance (ESR) of 0.55 Ω was measured for the ACNTA and activated carbon pair electrodes embedded in a coin cell. The results indicated that the ACNTAs could be a promising candidate as electrode materials in supercapacitors.     

The effect of substrate on magnetic properties of Co/Cu multilayer nanowire arrays

Ordered Co/Cu multilayer nanowire arrays have been fabricated into anodic aluminium oxide templates with Ag and Cu substrate by direct current electrodeposition. This paper studies the morphology, structure and magnetic properties by transmission electron microscopy, selective area electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometer. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that both as-deposited nanowire arrays films exhibit face-centred cubic structure. Magnetic measurements indicate that the easy magnetization direction of Co/Cu multilayer nanowire arrays films on Ag substrate is perpendicular to the long axis of nanowire, whereas the easy magnetization direction of the sample with Cu substrate is parallel to the long axis of nanowire. The change of easy magnetization direction attributed to different substrates, and the magnetic properties of the nanowire arrays are discussed.     

Dielectric layer-dependent surface plasmon effect of metallic nanoparticles on silicon substrate

The electromagnetic interaction between Ag nanoparticles on the top of the Si substrate and the incident light has been studied by numerical simulations. It is found that the presence of dielectric layers with different thicknesses leads to the varied resonance wavelength and scattering cross section and consequently the shifted photocurrent response for all wavelengths. These different behaviours are determined by whether the dielectric layer is beyond the domain where the elcetric field of metallic plasmons takes effect, combined with the effect of geometrical optics. It is revealed that for particles of a certain size, an appropriate dielectric thickness is desirable to achieve the best absorption. For a certain thickness of spacer, an appropriate granular size is also desirable. These observations have substantial applications for the optimization of surface plasmon enhanced silicon solar cells.     

The effect of pipe bend on low-frequency longitudinal mode guided wave propagation

The pipe bend significantly changes the propagation characteristics of guided wave,and makes the interpretation of the received signals difficult.Therefore,better understanding of guided wave propagating in bended pipe is essential for the inspection of pipeline comprising bends.First of all,the different features of dispersion curves derived with the semi-analytical finite element method for guided wave in bended pipes are summarized.Secondly,based on the dispersion curves for guided wave in bended pipes,experiments are performed to investigate the mode conversions of L(0,1) mode guided wave traveling through pipe bends.It is found that,except for the mode conversion from L(0,1) to F(1,1),the L(0,1) reflections of bends are also observed in some cases,which are proven to be the mode converted negative L(0,1)mode guided wave,and the negative L(0,1) mode guided wave becomes more obvious with the decrease of excitation frequency and bending radius.The findings of this paper will provide some insight for guided wave behavior in bended pipe,and generalize the application of guided wave inspection in practical pipelines.     

管道弯头对低频纵向导波传播特性影响分析

管道弯头显著改变了导波传播特性,影响了对检测信号的解读,研究弯头对导波传播特性的影响是实现复杂管道系统导波检测的基础。采用半解析有限元法计算弯管导波频散曲线,分析了弯管导波频散曲线所呈现的不同特征,并基于弯管导波频散曲线,以低频L(0,1)模态导波为研究对象,实验研究了低频L(0,1)模态导波通过管道弯头时的模态变换特征。研究结果发现,当L(0,1)模态导波通过管道弯头时,不仅会发生L(0,1)到F(1,1)的模态变换,还会模态变换出反向L(0,1)模态导波,即弯头反射现象,且随着激励频率的降低和弯头弯曲半径的减小,弯头反射现象愈发明显。研究结果将深化对弯管导波传播特性的认识,推动导波检测技术在复杂管道系统检测中的应用。     

环形行波式超声马达解析模型的仿真与实验研究

在假定超声马达的定子为圆板,定子与转子的接触符合刚体与分布弹簧模型的条件下,通过理论分析,建立超声马达输出特性的解析模型,并完成其仿真和实验研究。仿真和实验结果基本吻合,证明了该模型的有效性。     

Integrity of ultrathin gate oxides with different oxide thickness, substrate wafers and metallic contaminations

The integrity of ultrathin gate oxides was investigated as a function of polished and epitaxial wafer surfaces with various gettering sites. After intentional contamination of wafers with 1×10¹¹ atoms/cm² and 5×10¹² atoms/cm² Cu and Ni by a spin-on technique of high reproducibility, we performed 0.18-μm low-thermal-budget CMOS process runs. Thermal oxides were grown with various gate oxides in the range of 5–17 nm. After a MOS-capacitor fabrication we applied a ramped current-density test to study the gate-oxide integrity. Generally, thinner gate oxides exhibited a much more robust behavior than thicker oxides. The gate-oxide integrity was strongly influenced by different gettering sites. Although a higher Ni contamination led to a higher number of gate-oxide failures, Cu contamination exhibited a higher impact on the gate-oxide integrity than Ni. Received: 12 September 2000 / Accepted: 21 September 2000 / Published online: 22 November 2000     

0.14THz基模多注折叠波导行波管的理论与模拟研究

为解决THz行波管工作电流过小、输出功率低等问题,提出了基模多注工作模式的折叠波导行波管.首先,获得了基模多注折叠波导色散特性的等效传输线计算模型,并与数值模拟结果进行了比较;然后,对基模多注折叠波导的传输特性进行了模拟计算;最后,通过模拟和理论计算完成了0.14 THz基模多注折叠波导行波管的注波互作用特性分析.电子注参数为12 m A,15.75 k V时,获得的3 d B带宽为25 GHz(128—153 GHz),最大增益为33.61 d B,最大峰值功率为23 W;电子注参数为30 m A,15.75 k V时,在0.14 THz处获得了38 d B增益,最大脉冲输出功率为63.1 W.对比同条件下基模单注折叠波导行波管,3 d B带宽提升了1倍,0.14 THz处输出功率增大了9.66倍,互作用效率增大了3.22倍;当增益相同时,多注方式的互作用长度较单注缩短了33%.该方法能够有效增大THz行波管的工作电流,提高互作用增益及效率、3 d B带宽、输出功率;在增益相同时,基模多注行波管可以做得更短更紧凑.