空芯光子晶体光纤光子带隙的测量与数值模拟

用全矢量平面波法计算三角结构光子晶体光纤的带隙. 用透射法测量了自制的空芯光子晶体光纤的透射谱,得到了它在可见光波段透射强度与波长的关系,并在随后的实验中观测到了传光的模场图.通过理论模拟了实验所用的空芯光子晶体光纤的带隙图,与实验结果具有较好的一致性. 关键词： 空芯光子晶体光纤 光子带隙 全矢量平面波法 透射     

光子晶体光纤带隙特性的研究

应用平面波展开法数值模拟得到了光子晶体光纤带隙特性,为光子晶体光纤器件的开发提供了理论依据。     

空芯光子带隙光纤纤芯-包层交界面的设计

利用平面波展开法计算了圆六边形空气孔按三角形排列的光子晶体带隙,基于带隙图设计了移去7根玻璃毛细管形成纤芯、传输波长λ=1.55 μm的空芯光子带隙光纤的结构参量.随后利用全矢量有限元法计算了所设计的在纤芯-包层交界面处引入石英环的光纤,给出了在不同半径情况下沿z轴方向的光强分布、光强等高线分布图和损耗随引入石英环相对厚度的变化曲线.得出了光纤消除表面模、减小损耗的纤芯外半径取值范围为1.55Λ～1.7Λ,石英环的相对厚度取值范围为1.3～1.5或3.4～3.8.通过分析发现石英环的引入既可以抑制表面模也可以激发表面模,抑制还是激发有赖于纤芯外半径和石英环厚度的选择.     

4.3μm低损耗硫系空芯光子带隙光纤结构设计及性能研究

运用平面波展开法分析As2S3、Ge20Se65Sb15和As2Se3硫系玻璃光纤在不同空气填充率下的带隙分布图,分析结果表明三种材料在空气填充率提高到0.75时,光子带隙与空气线均出现交汇模式,且带隙宽度大,纤芯空气孔中适宜进行激光传输.运用有限元法分析不同纤芯孔直径的Ge20Se65Sb15硫系玻璃空芯光子带隙光纤的基模限制损耗和有效模场面积,结果表明纤芯直径9.2μm时限制损耗最低,模场面积较小.通过优化光纤的结构参量,适合于4.3μm波长处高功率中红外激光传输的空芯光子带隙光纤,其限制损耗为0.00472dB/m,有效模场面积为58.046μm2.     

基于正方形格子的空芯光子带隙光纤的模式特性和泄漏损耗

利用全矢量有限元法计算和分析了基于正方形格子的空芯光子带隙光纤的模式特性和泄漏损耗.通过分析发现,圆正方形空气孔按正方形格子排列的空芯光子带隙光纤可以实现宽带和有效的单模运转.随后对正方形格子空芯光子带隙光纤的泄漏损耗进行了全面分析,通过分析发现纤芯直径和包层空气孔间距的变化对泄漏损耗的影响较小,但可以通过调节包层空气孔间距来实现给定的波长具有最小的泄露损耗;圆化直径对泄漏损耗的影响较前两个因素要大,且存在一个最佳的圆化直径即d_c/d=0.4;包层空气孔的 关键词： 空芯光子带隙光纤 全矢量有限元法 正方形格子 泄露损耗     

基于高折射率断环结构的全固光子带隙光纤的设计

设计了基于断环结构的全固光子带隙光纤,其背景材料为熔石英而断环结构由若干掺杂的高折射率介质柱构成.基于平面波展开法计算得到的态密度图和Bloch模场分布表明,该种光纤中的一个高阶带隙可以得到调节并被极大展宽,带隙调节的基本原理是断环可以同时控制包层介质柱的线偏振模式的角向和径向模式阶数.研究表明,断环中的介质柱数目决定了受影响最小的一组线偏振模式的最高角向阶数,而带隙宽度受介质柱尺寸影响很大.这一宽的高阶带隙可以用来设计带隙中心分别在800和1550 nm、带宽分别为488和944 nm的全固光子带隙光纤 关键词： 全固光子带隙光纤 光子带隙 光纤设计 平面波展开法     

空芯光子带隙光纤中的表面模共振耦合效应及高温传感特性

提出并研究了空芯光子带隙光纤中表面模共振耦合效应和高温传感特性.实验上观测到光子带隙光纤中的表面模耦合效应,理论上诠释了该效应的产生原理.通过表面模耦合效应,对在光纤透射光谱中形成的多个共振峰进行温度和应变传感实验,观察到独特的温度和应变传感特性:共振峰在20～150℃之间低温不敏感,在150～260℃之间高温强度敏感...     

不同结构光子晶体的带隙特性

基于平面波展开法研究光子晶体的带隙特性,数值模拟了横磁波和横电波在三角晶格和正方晶格构成的二维光子晶体中的带隙特性,得到了三角晶格较正方晶格更容易出现带隙,且三角晶格的横电波光子带隙较大.实验结果为光子晶体器件的设计提供理论依据.     

二维光子晶体的完全带隙

为了研究二维光子晶体完全带隙的规律,采用平面波展开法模拟了4种结构二维光子晶体,在固定光子晶体周期常数a的情况下,研究完全带隙随柱半径r的变化规律.研究发现,六角晶格空气孔型光子晶体的完全带隙出现在r=0.42～0.50μm的范围,最大带隙宽度△ω1=0.08(ωa/2πc);方形晶格空气柱型光子晶体在r=0.47～0...     

六角格子光子晶体带隙特性

应用平面波展开法研究光子晶体的带隙特性,数值模拟空气圆柱半径与晶格常数的比值变化时,TE模和TM模禁带特性,得出六角晶格光子晶体具有较大的TE模和TM模光子禁带带隙,并且具有较高的带隙宽度重合范围。结果为光子晶体器件的制作提供理论依据。     

Investigation of the guided-mode characteristics of hollow-core photonic band-gap fibre with interstitial holes

This paper investigates the guided-mode characteristics of hollow-core photonic band-gap fibre (HC-PBGF) with interstitial holes fabricated by an improved twice stack-and-draw technique at visible wavelengths. Based on the simulation model with interstitial holes, the influence of glass interstitial apexes on photonic band-gaps is discussed. The existing forms of guided-mode in part band gaps are shown by using the full-vector plane-wave method. In the experiment, the observed transmission spectrum corresponds to the part band gaps obtained by simulation. The fundamental and second-order guided-modes with mixture of yellow and green light are observed through choosing appropriate fibre length and adjusting coupling device. The loss mechanism of guided-modes in HC-PBGF is also discussed.     

Polarization-dependent efficient Cherenkov radiation at visible wavelengths in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cladding

Efficient Cherenkov radiation (CR) is experimentally generated by a soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in a knot of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). When the angle of the half-wave plate is rotated from 0° to 45° , the Raman soliton shifts from 2227 to 2300 nm, the output power of the CR increases 8.15 times, and the maximum output power ratio of the CR at 556 nm to the residual pump is estimated to be 20:1. The width of the output optical spectrum at visible wavelengths broadens from 25 to 45 nm, and the conversion efficiency of the CR can be above 28%. Moreover, the influences of the pump polarization and wavelength on the CR are studied, and the corresponding nonlinear processes are discussed.     

Theoretical investigation of band-gap and mode characteristics of anti-resonance guiding photonic crystal fibres

With the full-vector plane-wave method (FVPWM) and the full-vector beam propagation method (FVBPM),the dependences of the band-gap and mode characteristics on material index and cladding structure parameter in antiresonance guiding photonic crystal fibres (ARGPCFs) are sufficiently analysed.An ARGPCF operating in the nearinfrared wavelength is shown.The influences of the high index cylinders,glass interstitial apexes and silica structure on the characteristics of band-gaps and modes are deeply investigated.The equivalent planar waveguide theory is used for analysing such an ARGPCF filled by the isotropic materials,and the resonance and the anti-resonance characteristics can be well predicted.     

Zero dispersion wavelength and dispersion slope control of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres

This paper investigates the zero dispersion wavelength and dispersion slope control of hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres (PBGFs) by using a full-vector finite element method. By simulation we found that theoretically the zero dispersion wavelength can be tailored by respectively changing the rounded diameter of air holes, pitch, refractive index, normalized thickness of core rings, and hole diameter to pitch ratio. At the same time the tailoring of dispersion slope can also be realized by changing the rounded diameter of air holes or pitch or normalized thickness of core rings. To illustrate the reasonability of fibre designs, this paper also gives the variance of normalized interface field intensity which measures the scattering loss relatively versus wavelength for different designs. From the viewpoint of loss, varying the rounded diameter and the thickness of core ring could shift zero wavelength but it is difficult to get the required parameters within so tiny range in practical drawing of PBGFs, on the other hand, it is possible in practice to respectively alter the pitch and refractive index to shift zero wavelength. But varying hole diameter to pitch ratio is not worthwhile because they each induce large increase of loss and narrowness of transmission bandwidth. The zero dispersion wavelength can be engineered by respectively varying the rounded diameter of air holes, pitch, refractive index, and normalized thickness of core rings without incurring large loss penalties.     

太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器

提出了一种低损耗、宽频段太赫兹双芯光子带隙光纤定向耦合器,光纤的包层由亚波长尺度呈三角晶格排列的空气孔组成, 两个纤芯分别由去掉7个空气孔构成.利用全矢量有限元法对光纤的色散、耦合特性以及损耗特性进行了理论分析. 研究表明,这种耦合器的损耗系数小于0.021 cm^-1,更重要的是可以实现0.14 THz范围内的宽频定向耦合. 这种定向耦合器在太赫兹通信系统中滤波、波分复用、偏振分离和开关等技术中有潜在的应用价值.     

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation generation in the irregular point of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Highly efficient Cherenkov radiation(CR) is generated by the soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS) in the irregular point of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber(HC-PCF) in our laboratory.The impacts of pump power and wavelength on the CR are investigated,and the corresponding nonlinear processes are discussed.When the average power of the 120 fs pump pulse increases from 500 mW to 700 mW,the Raman soliton shifts from 2210 nm to 2360 nm,the output power of the CR increases by 2.3 times,the maximum output power ratio of the CR at 539 nm to that of the residual pump is calculated to be 24.32:1,the width of the output optical spectrum at the visible wavelength broadens from 35 nm to 62 nm,and the conversion efficiency η of the CR in the experiment can be above 32%.     

2.5 THz环烯烃聚合物中空芯光子晶体光纤设计与实验

采用全矢量有限元法,仿真设计了一种工作在2.5 THz频段的中空芯太赫兹光子晶体光纤,用环烯烃聚合物材料（COC）制备了光纤样品,利用CO2激光泵浦气体太赫兹源搭建了测试平台并对光纤的太赫兹波传输性能进行了测试。实测光纤最低损耗0.17 dB/cm、平均损耗约0.5 dB/cm,在弯曲90情况下光纤传输损耗波动小于5%,具有良好的可弯曲性;光纤输出端口的模场分布测试结果表明,光纤是以主模进行传输,太赫兹能量很好地被束缚在光纤芯中。     

Investigation on guided mode characteristics of hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber with interstitial holes from near-infrared to visible wavelengths

Guided-mode characteristics of a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber (HC-PBGF) fabricated by the improved twice stack-and-draw technique are investigated from near-infrared to visible wavelengths. The Full-Vector Plane-Wave Method (FVPWM) is employed to analyze the transverse field distributions in near-infrared wavelengths. The propagation mode fields in visible wavelengths are experimentally observed. The influences of glass interstitial apexes and interstitial holes on photonic band gaps and mode characteristics are analyzed. The possible degenerate state and loss mechanism of guided modes in photonic band gaps are elementarily discussed.     

空芯光子晶体光纤表面模损耗控制的研究

本文研究了纤芯结构对空芯光子晶体光纤光子带隙和传输损耗的影响,得到了适合光纤制备工艺的纤芯结构．首先利用平面波展开法计算了一定占空比三角形结构的空芯光子晶体光纤的带隙结构,给出了在传输波长λ=1．55μm时光纤的结构参数值,并模拟了纤芯直径对带隙位置和大小的影响,得出纤芯直径的取值范围,通过分析泄露损耗特性得出纤芯壁厚的取值．然后根据分析结果设计出了光纤端面图,运用全矢量有限元法模拟出在不同纤芯直径的情况下的模场分布,通过对比分析得出光纤的最佳纤芯半径R为1．6以-1．75A．研究结果表明,选择合适的纤芯结构既能满足空芯光子晶体光纤的光子带隙和损耗特征,又可以适当降低光纤制备工艺的难度．