六六六异构体稳定碳同位素组成分析

采用GC-C-IRMS、EA-IRMS和Dual-inlet IRMS 3种稳定同位素比值质谱仪分别对六六六的α、β和γ3种异构体的稳定碳同位素组成进行了分析。对比3种分析系统测定的碳同位素组成数据表明GC-C-IRMS系统能够准确和精确地测定六六六碳同位素组成。应用GC-C-IRMS技术分析了水样品中α-和γ-六六六的碳同位素组成,结果表明六六六在溶解、稀释、萃取、挥发等过程碳同位素组成没有分馏现象。采用GC-C-IRMS技术分析环境样品中持久性有机氯农药稳定碳同位素组成可能得到广泛应用。     

常见炸药的稳定同位素比值分析方法研究进展

炸药的深度比对与溯源对于爆炸案事件的侦破具有重大意义,以不同地域来源的原料或不同生产工艺生产的炸药,其组成元素的稳定同位素比值具有差异,因而稳定同位素比值可作为炸药深度比对与溯源的重要指标.稳定同位素比值质谱法(IRMS)作为一种高精度的稳定同位素比值测量手段,已逐渐发展成熟,与元素分析仪、气相色谱仪、液相色谱仪等仪器...     

用稳定同位素质谱技术检测肉鸡色素的来源

通过分析肉鸡中稳定同位素δ13C值和δ15N值,推断肉鸡色素的来源,证明稳定同位素质谱技术可以作为调查动物饲料来源、追溯动物产品的方法。结果表明:添加色素组,随着色素添加量的增加RCF值显著升高(P<0.05);撤除色素后,各处理间的RCF值差异不显著(P>0.05);鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值在撤除色素前后的差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲喂不同含量的玉米组,随着玉米含量的增加,各组的RCF值有显著的差异(P<0.05);当饲料中玉米的含量由10%换成70%时,鸡爪的RCF值大幅度升高(P<0.05),反之,鸡爪的RCF值大幅度降低(P<0.05);鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值随着玉米含量的变化呈现显著差异(P<0.05)。另外,添加色素组和饲喂玉米组,当RCF值相同时,鸡肉粗蛋白中δ13C值有显著差异。     

基于生物质谱的乙酸酐稳定同位素标记

建立了一种基于生物质谱的乙酸酐稳定同位素标记,定量蛋白质组学研究方法,优化了影响标记效率的各种条件.在pH 8.0的Na2B4O7/H3BO3 缓冲体系中,当乙酸酐摩尔浓度25倍过量于肽段摩尔量,22℃反应30 min时,标记即可完全.对多对H6/D6-乙酸酐标记肽段在基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱中的动态范围及定量准确度进行了考察,并通过串联质谱分析确定了乙酰化位点.结果表明: 在10倍和30倍动态范围内,线性关系良好(r=0.99, r=0.98),理论值和观测值的偏差分别为0.5%和20%.     

稳定同位素碳、氮、硫、氢在鸡肉产地溯源中的应用研究

利用同位素比值质谱仪测定了来自北京、山东、湖南、广东4省9个不同地区鸡肉粗蛋白中的δ^13C、δ^15N、δ^34S、δ^2H值和相应各地饮水中的δ^180值。多元方差分析结果表明,δ^13C、δ^15N、δ^34S、δ^2H 4种稳定同位素在不同地区的鸡肉中均有显著差异（p〈0．05）;4参数同时对鸡肉产地的正确判别率达到了100％;各地饮水中的δ^18O值和鸡肉中的δ^2H值呈现显著正相关性（p〈0．01）。碳、氮同位素受饲料、气候等因素的影响,硫同位素依赖于地理位置和产地表面的地质特点。     

气相色谱-稳定同位素质谱法测定溶解无机碳碳同位素

选用NaHCO3配制了浓度分别为0.24、1.19、2.38和4.76 mmol/L的溶解无机碳(D IC)溶液,经过1h、4h、8h和24h不同平衡时间,建立了一种分析D IC碳同位素的方法。不同浓度的D IC样品与其母质NaHCO3的1δ3C值之间的差值仅为(0.2~0.5)‰。通过对照组的实验结果和对空气CO2的碳同位素测试与研究,证明此方法可有效避免实验过程中大气等物质对样品的污染,确保实验结果的准确性。     

同位素质谱与无机质谱分析

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“无机质谱分析”课题的第二篇评述文章,它增加了同位素质谱分析的内容,故将题目改为现今题目,它综述了1985年～1990年间同位素质谱和无机质谱的发展概况。其中包括同位素示踪、同位素稀释、火花源质谱、二次离子质谱、等离子体质谱等。内容以国内为主,也收集了少量代表学科先进水平的外国文献。     

生物体中氨基酸单体碳稳定同位素测试方法研究

氨基酸作为蛋白质的基本组成单位,是重要的生命物质,其单体碳同位素研究在生物地球化学、生态学、生物体代谢和环境科学等领域具有重要意义。该文优化了海参和海藻氨基酸提取和纯化流程,通过N-新戊酰基-O-异丙酯(NPP)方法衍生化后,分别用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和气相色谱-燃烧-同位素比值质谱(GC-C-IRMS)测试其浓度和碳同位素组成。结果显示,15种氨基酸单体的分离效果较好,回收率为46.4%～96.3%,各氨基酸在1.0～16.0μmol/L范围内线性关系良好(r²为0.987～0.999)。15种氨基酸单体衍生物δ¹³C值的标准偏差均小于0.30‰(n=10),在0.6～2.0 mmol/L浓度范围内δ¹³C的平均误差为±0.24‰,方法检出限为0.6 nmol。海参和海藻样品各氨基酸单体δ¹³C值的范围分别为-31.10‰～-8.58‰和-30.53‰～-13.76‰,标准偏差均在0.33‰以内,可满足生物体氨基酸单体碳同位素的测试精度需求。     

Quantitative mass spectrometry in proteomics: a critical review

The quantification of differences between two or more physiological states of a biological system is among the most important but also most challenging technical tasks in proteomics. In addition to the classical methods of differential protein gel or blot staining by dyes and fluorophores, mass-spectrometry-based quantification methods have gained increasing popularity over the past five years. Most of these methods employ differential stable isotope labeling to create a specific mass tag that can be recognized by a mass spectrometer and at the same time provide the basis for quantification. These mass tags can be introduced into proteins or peptides (i) metabolically, (ii) by chemical means, (iii) enzymatically, or (iv) provided by spiked synthetic peptide standards. In contrast, label-free quantification approaches aim to correlate the mass spectrometric signal of intact proteolytic peptides or the number of peptide sequencing events with the relative or absolute protein quantity directly. In this review, we critically examine the more commonly used quantitative mass spectrometry methods for their individual merits and discuss challenges in arriving at meaningful interpretations of quantitative proteomic data.     

稳定性同位素稀释吹扫捕集-气质联用法测定水中典型臭味物质

采用稳定性同位素稀释吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定水中典型臭味物质土臭素(GSM)和2-甲基异莰醇(MIB).研究了特征离子、升温程序、样品吹扫温度及盐浓度等因素对臭味物质萃取过程的影响.本实验测定臭味物质的最佳条件为:盐浓度20%(m/V),样品吹扫温度60℃,程序升温速率5℃/min.通过加人同位素内标d5-G...     

氢同位素吸附容量与吸附剂比表面积的关系

采用容积法测量了77 K下氢气与氘气在不同微孔与介孔分子筛吸附剂上的吸附容量与比表面积. 结果表明, 同类吸附剂上氢同位素的吸附容量与其比表面积之间存在较好的线性关系, 这有力地证明了超临界温度下氢同位素吸附遵循单分子层吸附机理. 在相同的温度、压力和比表面积条件下, 氢同位素气体在微孔分子筛上的吸附容量比介孔分子筛上的大, 这是由于在吸附剂微孔内吸附势场叠加所致, 并通过构建的吸附势模型, 较好地解释了该实验结果.     

热表面电离同位素质谱在人体钙同位素示踪研究中的应用

研究了用热表面电离质谱测量经同位素示踪的人尿中钙同位素丰度比的方法。方法主要涉及生物样品的化学前处理程序和质谱测量技术,并就不同的样品前处理方法等因素对测量结果的影响进行了讨论,测量结果用于钙吸收率的计算。     

Playing tag with quantitative proteomics

There is steady need for new proteomic strategies on quantitative measurements that provide essential components for detailing dynamic changes in many cellular functions and processes. Stable isotope labeling is a rapidly evolving field, which can be used either after protein extraction with chemical labeling, or in cell culture with metabolic incorporation. In this review, we explore the most frequently utilized quantitation techniques with particular attention paid to chemical labeling using different isotopic tags, including a recent labeling strategy—soluble polymer-based isotopic labeling (SoPIL)—that achieves efficient labeling in homogeneous conditions. Special care should be devoted to the selection of appropriate quantitation approaches according to the needs of the sample and overall experimental design. We evaluate recent advances in quantitative proteomics using stable isotope labeling and their applications to current insightful biological inquiries. Figure Chemical modules of isotopic tags for quantitative proteomics.     

Suitability of a fully 13C isotope labeled internal standard for the determination of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol by LC-MS/MS without clean up

Very often, the accuracy of quantitative analytical methods for the determination of mycotoxins by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) and LC-MS/MS is limited by matrix effects during the ionization process in the MS source. Stable isotope labeled standards are best suited to correct for matrix effects and to improve both the trueness and the precision of analytical methods employing LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This paper describes the successful use of fully ¹³C isotope labeled deoxynivalenol [(¹³C₁₅)DON] as an internal standard (IS) for the accurate determination of DON in maize and wheat by LC electrospray ionization MS/MS. To show the full potential of (¹³C₁₅)DON as IS, maize and wheat extracts were analyzed without further cleanup. Subsequent to calibration for the LC-MS end determination, DON was quantified in matrix reference materials (wheat and maize). Without consideration of the IS, apparent recoveries of DON were 29±6% (n=7) for wheat and 37±5% (n=7) for maize. However, the determination of DON in the reference materials yielded 95±3% (wheat) and 99±3% (maize) when (¹³C₁₅)DON was used as an IS for data evaluation.     

Investigation of the species-dependent in vitro metabolism of BAL30630 by stable isotope labeling and isotope exchange experiments analyzed by capillary liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry

The in vitro metabolic profile of BAL30630, an antifungal piperazine propanol derivative, which inhibits the 1,3-beta-d-glucansynthase, was investigated by incubation with microsomes of several species and with rat hepatocytes. For the spotting of the metabolites, mixtures of BAL30630 with a stable isotope (deuterium) labeled analogue were incubated. The metabolic pattern comprises several oxidized metabolites. Based on isotope exchange experiments, their structures could be assigned to epoxide- and hydroxylated metabolites. In hepatocyte incubations, several glucuronides formed from these oxidized metabolites could be observed. From the analysis of the metabolic pattern in microsomes, products of carbamate hydrolysis were characterized. This hydrolysis was highly species dependent. In activated incubations and in rat hepatocytes, those metabolites were further oxidized. In incubations without NADPH activation, the resulting hydrolytic metabolites could be enriched without the subsequent oxidation. Final structural elucidation of the metabolites was performed using accurate mass determination and isotope exchange experiments, in which incubations were analyzed by deuterium exchange and capillary HPLC–QTof-MS and MS/MS. The use of non-radioactive, stabile isotope labeled drug analogues in combination with isotope exchange studies was essential in particular for a defined assignment of the functional groups in the structures of the investigated metabolites.     

稳定同位素稀释-气相色谱质谱联用法测定水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞

建立了测定水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的气相色谱质谱联用分析方法。采用6.0 mol/L HCl超声辅助提取,在NaCl存在下,提取液中甲基汞和乙基汞可被甲苯萃取,再用半胱氨酸反萃取,加入CuSO4释放出的甲基汞和乙基汞与四苯硼钠反应,生成甲基苯基汞和乙基苯基汞,经DB-5MS毛细柱分离,选择离子监测方式(SIM)质谱检测,以d3-甲基汞作为内标的稳定同位素稀释法定量。甲基汞和乙基汞标准曲线的线性范围均为1~500μg/L,国家标准参考物质(GBW 10029)6次测定的甲基汞(以汞计)平均值为0.828 mg/kg,相对标准偏差为3.2%,与证书参考值(0.84±0.03)mg/kg(以汞计)一致。鱼、虾和贝类等不同种类水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的平均加标回收率分别为94%~101%和81%~104%,相对标准偏差在1.9%~4.7%和3.1%~8.2%范围内(n=6),样品的检出限为0.1~0.3μg/kg(S/N=3)。方法灵敏,准确,可用于水产品中甲基汞和乙基汞的测定。     

质谱法测定水中溶解氙的含量及其同位素组成

利用设计的一套水样中提取并分离Xe的装置,与稀有气体质谱仪Helix SFT联用,建立了高精度水中溶解Xe的含量及其同位素组成的分析方法。对该装置的密封性及本底进行检测,证明此方法可靠;循环升温-降温法分离Xe气中大量Ar的方法,可在短时间内除掉绝大部分Ar,减小其对Xe含量及同位素组成的测试影响。该方法的检出限可低至10-13~10-14 L/L;对空气饱和水进行测试, Xe 含量、129 Xe/131 Xe 和132 Xe/134 Xe的测试结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.00%,0.10%和0.20%,误差分别为0.93%,0.16%和0.50%;分析了造成测试误差的因素,明确了误差的来源。