单相磁电多铁性体研究进展

文章从电磁耦合现象及磁电效应出发,简要介绍了单相磁电多铁性体(铁电磁体)的最新研究进展。     

单相磁电多铁性体研究进展

文章从电磁耦合现象及磁电效应出发,简要介绍了单相磁电多铁性体(铁电磁体)的最新研究进展。     

磁性材料的磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构

首先简要地介绍了磁性材料中磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构以及相互之间的关系. 一方面, 磁畴结构由材料的磁结构、内禀磁性和微结构因素决定; 另一方面, 磁畴结构决定了材料磁化和退磁化过程以及技术磁性. 拓扑学与材料物理、材料性能的联系越来越紧密. 最近的研究兴趣集中在一些拓扑磁性组态, 如涡旋、磁泡、麦纫、斯格米子等. 研究发现这些拓扑磁结构的拓扑性质与磁性能密切相关. 然后从尺寸效应、缺陷、晶界三个方面介绍国际学术界在磁结构、磁畴结构和拓扑磁结构方面的进展. 最后介绍了在稀土永磁薄膜材料的微观结构、磁畴结构和磁性能关系、交换耦合纳米盘中的拓扑磁结构及其动力学行为方面的工作. 通过对文献的评述, 得到以下结论: 开展各向异性纳米复合稀土永磁材料的研究对更好地利用稀土资源具有重要的意义. 可以有目的地改变材料的微结构, 可控地进行磁性材料的磁畴工程, 最终获得优秀的磁性能. 拓扑学的概念正在应用于越来越多的学科领域, 在越来越多的材料中发现拓扑学的贡献. 研究磁畴结构、拓扑磁性基态或者激发态的形成规律以及动力学行为对理解量子拓扑相变以及其他与拓扑相关的物理效应是十分重要的. 也会帮助理解不同拓扑学态之间相互作用的物理机制及其与磁性能之间的关系, 同时拓展拓扑学在新型磁性材料中的应用.     

多铁性纳米点结构及微纳器件应用

在当前电子技术微型化和高度集成化的趋势下,多铁性纳米材料的研究正逐渐成为一个重要主题。这方面的研究还处在起步阶段,在材料的制备工艺和表征手段方面还面临诸多挑战。文章简要介绍了多铁性纳米点的制备工艺(包括离子刻蚀、自组构、多孔氧化铝模板方法等)和以多功能扫描探针为代表的表征手段,还介绍了纳米点带来的新颖的物理现象及其在微纳器件应用等方面的研究进展。     

多铁性纳米点结构及微纳器件应用

在当前电子技术微型化和高度集成化的趋势下,多铁性纳米材料的研究正逐渐成为一个重要主题。这方面的研究还处在起步阶段,在材料的制备工艺和表征手段方面还面临诸多挑战。文章简要介绍了多铁性纳米点的制备工艺(包括离子刻蚀、自组构、多孔氧化铝模板方法等)和以多功能扫描探针为代表的表征手段,还介绍了纳米点带来的新颖的物理现象及其在微纳器件应用等方面的研究进展。     

Ruddlesden-Popper结构杂化非本征铁电体及其多铁性

正杂化非本征铁电性是指在具有钙钛矿结构单元的金属氧化物中由氧八面体面内旋转和面外倾侧耦合诱导出的二阶铁电序,其有望在室温强磁电耦合多铁性材料中获得重要应用,并将极大地拓展铁电体物理学的内涵和外延.本文在阐述杂化非本征铁电性物理起源及其内禀电控磁性的基础上,总结了有关Ruddlesden-Popper结构杂化非本征铁电体及多铁性的主要研究进展与面临的挑战,并展望了发展方向.     

超晶格中电场单极畴与偶极畴的形成和输运

采用分立漂移模型,数值模拟和分析直流偏压下超晶格中单极电场畴和偶极电场畴的形成和输运.随着超晶格两端接触层掺杂浓度和阱中掺杂浓度的不同,可以得到单极畴、偶极畴以及单极畴与偶极畴共存 关键词： 超晶格 单极畴 偶极畴 电流自激振荡     

条形畴结构的FeCoAlON薄膜磁性的研究

用磁控射频溅射法制备了FeCoAlON薄膜, 研究了Al-O和N元素的添加对FeCo合金薄膜的软磁性的影响. 研究结果表明: 随着Al, O, N元素添加量的增加, 薄膜微结构从多晶转化到纳米晶再转化到非晶态, 薄膜表现为软磁性; 在N的含量较高时, 薄膜呈现条形畴结构, 本文对条形畴结构出现的机理和条件作了详细讨论, 并发现具有条形畴结构的薄膜的磁导率频率特性具有多峰共振的特点. 关键词： 铁钴基合金 薄膜 条形畴     

磁畴壁拓扑结构研究进展

拓扑磁性斯格明子作为信息载体单元具备高可靠性、高集成度、低能耗等优势,有望提高数据读写精度、降低功耗,从而研发新型拓扑自旋电子学材料与原理型器件,为信息技术、5G通信和大数据等的高速发展提供材料与技术支持.但磁性斯格明子同时存在需要磁场稳定以及电流驱动下斯格明子霍尔效应引起偏转等缺点,严重阻碍了其在实际器件中的应用,因此探索新型拓扑磁畴结构和适宜应用的材料体系成为研究的关键.本文将重点介绍自2013年理论预言磁畴壁斯格明子以来,利用高分辨率洛伦兹透射电子显微镜原位实空间发现并研究磁畴壁拓扑麦纫和磁畴壁斯格明子的实验工作.首次在范德瓦耳斯Fe_5–xGeTe₂二维磁性材料中发现温度诱发的180°磁畴壁转变为拓扑麦韧链,研究了磁畴壁麦纫态在外界电场、磁场作用下的集体运动行为,揭示了基于自旋重取向、磁畴壁限域效应以及弱相互作用下生成磁畴壁拓扑态的机制.在该机制指导下,设计制备了具有自旋重取向的GdFeCo非晶亚铁磁薄膜,不仅获得了磁畴壁麦纫,验证了生成机制的普适性,还成功实现了畴壁麦韧对到畴壁斯格明子的可逆拓扑转变,开辟了基于磁畴壁等内禀限域效应开展...     

用于铁电体复杂畴结构模拟的布朗方程

铁电材料在室温下具有可以在外加电场作用下改变方向的自发极化,不同方向的极化在材料内部形成畴结构,会对其物理特性和实际应用具有显著影响.本文将最初用于微磁模拟的布朗方程引入铁电材料的大尺度模拟中,研究其中可能出现的重要畴结构.在以有效哈密顿量方法为基础推导出铁电材料中关于电偶极子的布朗方程后,以BaTiO₃,PbTiO₃块体和SrTiO₃/PbTiO₃/SrTiO₃夹心结构等钙钛矿铁电材料为研究对象,验证了布朗方程的有效性并讨论了其中的多种畴结构,如周期性条带状畴、涡旋型拓扑畴结构等,并与相关实验结果进行了对比分析.     

Martensitic and magnetic domain structures of ferroics of the Ni-Mn-Ga and Co-Ni-Ga families

The martensitic and magnetic domain structures of polycrystalline and single-crystal samples of ferromagnetic Heusler alloys of the Ni-Mn-Ga and Co-Ni-Ga families have been revealed and studied using optical microscopy. The main mechanisms of formation and interaction of 90° and 180° magnetic domains have been described.     

Leptogenesis with left-right domain walls

The presence of domain walls separating regions of unbrokenSU(2)_L andSU(2)_R is shown to provide necessary conditions for leptogenesis which converts later to the observed baryon asymmetry. The strength of lepton number violation is related to the Majorana neutrino mass and hence related to current bounds on light neutrino masses. Thus the observed neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry can be used to constrain the scale of left-right symmetry breaking.     

Antireflection subwavelength structures analyzed by using the finite difference time domain method

Antireflection subwavelength structures (ASSs) are analyzed by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in the visible light spectrum. Low reflectance can be obtained by both the conical and pyramidal shapes over a broadband range. Comparing the reflectance of different structure shapes and aspect ratios by the FDTD method, it shows that the antireflection efficiencies of the pyramidal structures are better than that of the conical structures when the aspect ratio is up to 0.8. It is found that, for the conical structure surface, the average transmittance increases gradually with the aspect ratio and the average transmittance is about 99.6% with the aspect ratio of 2.0. However, for the pyramidal structure with the aspect ratio ranging from 1.0 to 2.0, the average transmittance is up to 99.7%.     

太阳能喷射式制冷循环的热力学熵分析

利用熵分析法对太阳能喷射式制冷循环进行分析。找出系统中不可逆损失在各环节中的分布情况,分析其原因。并且研究发生温度、蒸发温度等系统参数对循环的影响,还分析了工况的变化对循环性能的影响。     

Algorithmic Approaches for Assessing Irreversibility in Time Series: Review and Comparison

The assessment of time irreversibility, i.e., of the lack of invariance of the statistical properties of a system under the operation of time reversal, is a topic steadily gaining attention within the research community. Irreversible dynamics have been found in many real-world systems, with alterations being connected to, for instance, pathologies in the human brain, heart and gait, or to inefficiencies in financial markets. Assessing irreversibility in time series is not an easy task, due to its many aetiologies and to the different ways it manifests in data. It is thus not surprising that several numerical methods have been proposed in the last decades, based on different principles and with different applications in mind. In this contribution we review the most important algorithmic solutions that have been proposed to test the irreversibility of time series, their underlying hypotheses, computational and practical limitations, and their comparative performance. We further provide an open-source software library that includes all tests here considered. As a final point, we show that “one size does not fit all”, as tests yield complementary, and sometimes conflicting views to the problem; and discuss some future research avenues.     

Vortex domain structures and dc currentdependence of magneto-resistances in magnetic tunnel junctions

Microfabrication and the magneto-transport characteristics of the magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a spin-valve-type structure of Ta (5nm)/Ni_{79}Fe_{21} (25nm)/Ir_{22}Mn_{78} (12nm)/Co_{75}Fe_{25} (4nm)/Al(0.8nm) oxide/Co_{75}Fe_{25} (4nm)/Ni_{79}Fe_{21} (20nm)/Ta(5nm) were investigated in this paper. A series of experimental data measured with a MTJ was used to verify a magnon-assisted tunnelling model and theory. Furthermore, a micromagnetics simulation shows that the butterfly-like vortex domain structures can be formed under a current-induced Oersted field, which decreases the net magnetization values of the ferromagnetic electrodes under a large dc current (i.e., in high voltage regimes). It is one of the main reasons for the tunnel magnetoresistance ratios to decrease significantly at high voltage biasing.     

Ferroelectric domain structures and polarization switching characteristics of polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films on glass substrates

We investigated ferroelectric characteristics of BiFeO₃ (BFO) thin films on SrRuO₃ (SRO)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/glass substrates grown by pulsed laser deposition. YSZ buffer layers were employed to grow highly crystallized BFO thin films as well as SRO bottom electrodes on glass substrates. The BFO thin films exhibited good ferroelectric properties with a remanent polarization of 2P_r = 59.6 μC/cm² and fast switching behavior within about 125 ns. Piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) study revealed that the BFO thin films have much smaller mosaic ferroelectric domain patterns than epitaxial BFO thin films on Nb:SrTiO₃ substrates. Presumably these small domain widths which originated from smaller domain energy give rise to the faster electrical switching behavior in comparison with the epitaxial BFO thin films on Nb:SrTiO₃ substrates.     

Phase domain structures in cylindrical magnets under conditions of a first-order magnetic phase transition

The magnetic and resonance properties of cylindrical magnets at first-order phase transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state were theoretically studied. It has been shown that in the external magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the rotation axis, formation of a specific domain structure of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic layers can be energetically favorable. The parameters of cylindrical phase domains as well as their dependences on temperature, magnetic field and material characteristics have been calculated. Peculiarities of the magnetic resonance spectra appearing as a result of the phase domain formation have been considered. Dependence of the resonance field of the system of ferromagnetic domains on magnetization and temperature has been obtained.     

Freezing of nonequilibrium domain structures in a kinetic Ising model

We study the freezing of a disordered spin structure upon continuous cooling to absolute zero for a kinetic Ising spin chain with alternating weak and strong bonds. The kinetic equation for the spin pair correlation function is solved analytically in a continuum approximation. The exponent for the asymptotic dependence of the frozen kink density on a characteristic cooling time is found to bez ^–1, wherez is the equilibrium dynamic critical exponent, for a universality class including power-law and exponential cooling, and 1/2 for a logarithmic cooling program which exhibits threshold behavior.     

A multi-scale model of domain wall velocities based on ab initio parameters

A new approach is presented to evaluate the velocity of field-driven domain walls by means of ab initio parameters. This approach makes intensive use of multi-scaling by means of (a) mapping of domain wall formation energies obtained in terms of a fully relativistic method onto a Landau–Ginzburg-type expression, and (b) applying the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation to evaluate the time needed to move domain walls. In comparison with the “classical” expression for the domain wall velocity originally proposed by Landau and Lifshitz, according to which the velocity increases with increasing width of the domain wall, three different types of magnetic alloys, namely permalloy (Ni₈₅Fe₁₅), Co _x Ni_1?x and Co _x Pd_1?x , are analyzed. It is shown that the Landau–Lifshitz expression for the velocity seems to be valid whenever the slopes of the exchange and the anisotropy energy with respect to the concentration are either both increasing or both decreasing.