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1.
The synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties (from a combined experimental and First‐Principles Bottom‐Up theoretical study) of the new compound catena‐dichloro(2‐Cl‐3Mpy)copper(II), 1 , [2‐Cl‐3Mpy=2‐chloro‐3‐methylpyridine] are described and rationalized. Crystals of 1 present well isolated magnetic 1D chains (no 3D order was experimentally observed down to 1.8 K) and magnetic frustration stemming from competing ferromagnetic nearest‐neighbor (JNN) interactions and antiferromagnetic next‐nearest neighbor (JNNN) interactions, in which α=JNNN/JNN <?0.25. These magnetic interactions give rise to a unique magnetic topology: a two‐leg zigzag ladder composed of edge‐sharing up‐down triangles with antiferromagnetic interactions along the rails and ferromagnetic interactions along the zigzag chain that connects the rails. Crystals of 1 also present a random distribution of the 2‐Cl‐3Mpy groups, which are arranged in two different orientations, each with a 50 % occupancy. This translates into a random static structural disorder within each chain by virtue of which the value of the JNN magnetic interactions can randomly take one of the following three values: 53, 36, and 16 cm?1. The structural disorder does not affect the JNNN value, which in all cases is approximately ?9 cm?1. A proper statistical treatment of this disorder provides a computed magnetic susceptibility curve that reproduces the main features of the experimental data.  相似文献   

2.
We present a method to use long‐range CH coupling constants to derive the correct diastereoisomer from the molecular constitution of small molecules. A set of 79 2JCH and 3JCH values collected from a single HSQMBC experiment on a sample of strychnine were used in the CASE‐3D (computer‐assisted 3D structure elucidation) protocol. In addition to the most commonly used 3JCH coupling constants, the subset of 32 2JCH values alone showed an excellent degree of configuration selection. The study is mainly based on comparison of DFT‐calculated 2,3JCH values with experimental ones, critical for the case of 2JCH. But the configuration selection also works well using 3JCH values predicted from a semi‐empirical Karplus‐based equation limited to H?C?C?C fragments. The robustness, shown using strychnine as a proof of concept, makes the J‐based CASE‐3D analysis a viable option for the application in fields such as peptide and carbohydrate research, organic synthesis, natural‐product identification and analysis, as well as medicinal chemistry.  相似文献   

3.
Improved pulse sequences for measuring long‐range C‐H coupling constants (nJC‐H), named selective COSY‐J‐resolved HMBC‐1 and ?2, have been developed. In the spin systems, such as ‐CHC‐CHA(CH3)‐CHB‐, a methine proton HA splits into a multiplet owing to several vicinal couplings with protons, resulting in attenuation of its cross‐peak intensity. Therefore, the measurements of nJC‐H with HA are generally difficult in the J‐resolved HMBC or selective J‐resolved HMBC spectrum. With the aim of accurate measurements of nJC‐H in such a spin system, we have developed new pulse sequences, which transfer the magnetization of a methyl group to its adjacent methine proton. The proposed pulse sequences successfully enable to enhance the sensitivity of HA cross peak in comparison with the selective J‐resolved HMBC pulse sequence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
Efficient pulse sequences for measuring 1H–1H coupling constants (JHH) in strongly coupled spin systems, named selective J‐resolved‐HMQC‐1 and ‐2, have been developed. In the strongly coupled spin systems such as ‐CH2‐CHA(OH)‐CHB(OH)‐CH2‐, measurements of 3JHAHB are generally difficult owing to the complicated splitting caused by the adjacent CH2 protons. For easier and accurate measurements of 3JHAHB in such a spin system, a selective excitation pulse is incorporated into the J‐resolved HMQC pulse sequence. In the proposed methods, only two strongly coupled protons, HA and HB which are excited by a selective pulse, are observed as J‐resolved HMQC signals. The cross peaks of HA and HB appear as doublets owing to 3JHAHB along the F1 dimension in the selective J‐resolved HMQC‐1 and ‐2 experiments. The efficiency of the proposed pulse sequences has been demonstrated in application to the stereochemical studies of the complicated natural product, monazomycin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

5.
Natural products often possess various spin systems consisting of a methine group directly bonded to a methyl group (e.g. –CHa–CHb(CH3)–CHc–). The methine proton Hb splits into a broadened multiplet by coupling with several vicinal protons, rendering analysis difficult of nJC–H with respect to Hb in the J‐resolved HMBC‐1. In purpose of the reliable and easy measurements of nJC–H and nJH–H in the aforesaid spin system, we have developed a new technique, named BASHD‐J‐resolved‐HMBC. This method incorporates band selective homo decoupled pulse and J‐scaling pulse into HMBC. In this method, high resolution cross peaks can be observed along the F1 axis by J‐scaling pulse, and band selective homo decoupled pulse simplified multiplet signals. Determinations of nJC–H and nJH–H of multiplet signals can easily be performed using the proposed pulse sequence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
The Wilkinson’s catalyst [RhCl(PPh3)3] has been immobilized inside the pores of amine functionalized mesoporous silica material SBA‐3 and The structure of the modified silica surface and the immobilized rhodium complex was determined by a combination of different solid‐state NMR methods. The successful modification of the silica surface was confirmed by 29Si CP‐MAS NMR experiments. The presence of the Tn peaks confirms the successful functionalization of the support and shows the way of binding the organic groups to the surface of the mesopores. 31P‐31P J‐resolved 2D MAS NMR experiments were conducted in order to characterize the binding of the immobilized catalyst to the amine groups of the linkers attached to the silica surface. The pure catalyst exhibits a considerable 31P‐31P J‐coupling, well resolvable in 2D MAS NMR experiments. This J‐coupling was utilized to determine the binding mode of the catalyst to the linkers on the silica surface and the number of triphenylphosphine ligands that are replaced by coordination bonds to the amine groups. From the absence of any resolvable 31P‐31P J‐coupling in off‐magic‐angle‐spinning experiments, as well as slow‐spinning MAS experiments, it is concluded, that two triphenylphosphine ligands are replaced and that the catalyst is bonded to the silica surface through two linker molecules.  相似文献   

7.
The homometallic hexameric ruthenium cluster of the formula [RuIII63‐O)2(μ‐OH)2((CH3)3CCO2)12(py)2] ( 1 ) (py=pyridine) is solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on 1 suggest that the antiferromagnetic interaction between the RuIII centers is dominant, and this is supported by theoretical studies. Theoretical calculations based on density functional methods yield eight different exchange interaction values for 1 : J1=?737.6, J2=+63.4, J3=?187.6, J4=+124.4, J5=?376.4, J6=?601.2, J7=?657.0, and J8=?800.6 cm?1. Among all the computed J values, six are found to be antiferromagnetic. Four exchange values (J1, J6, J7 and J8) are computed to be extremely strong, with J8, mediated through one μ‐hydroxo and a carboxylate bridge, being by far the largest exchange obtained for any transition‐metal cluster. The origin of these strong interactions is the orientation of the magnetic orbitals in the RuIII centers, and the computed J values are rationalized by using molecular orbital and natural bond order analysis. Detailed NMR studies (1H, 13C, HSQC, NOESY, and TOCSY) of 1 (in CDCl3) confirm the existence of the solid‐state structure in solution. The observation of sharp NMR peaks and spin‐lattice time relaxation (T1 relaxation) experiments support the existence of strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the metal centers. A broad absorption peak around 600–1000 nm in the visible to near‐IR region is a characteristic signature of an intracluster charge‐transfer transition. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that there are three reversible one‐electron redox couples at ?0.865, +0.186, and +1.159 V with respect to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which corresponds to two metal‐based one‐electron oxidations and one reduction process.  相似文献   

8.
Three novel dyes of JJ1 , JJ2 , and JJ6 featured zinc porphyrin as a basic core structure; N, N‐alkyl‐4‐(prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)aniline as an electron donor linked to meso‐10‐position; 4‐(prop‐1‐yn‐1‐yl)benzoic acid as an electron acceptor linked to meso‐20‐position; and 2,6‐bis(dodecyloxy)phenyl or 2,6‐bis(octyloxy)phenyl respectively linked to meso‐5 and meso‐15‐positions of zinc porphyrin have been synthesized and used for dye‐sensitized solar cells. Porphyrin JJ6 featured the shortest alkyl group (─C4H9) on the donor, whereas JJ2 contained the longest alkyl groups (─C12H25), and JJ1 has a medium length of octyl groups. With these new porphyrin sensitizers, we observed that JJ6 has 7.55% power conversion efficiency under simulated one‐sun illumination (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW/cm2) with JSC = 18.64 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.66 V, and fill factor (FF) = 0.61, which was higher than the other two; JJ1 (7.35%) with JSC = 18.83 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.68 V, and FF = 0.60; and JJ2 (6.33%) with JSC = 15.69 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.62 V, and FF = 0.65. The power conversion efficiency of JJ6 and JJ1 were higher than JJ2 , demonstrating that the lengthy alkyl groups on the aniline cause a decrease in efficiency of the devices.  相似文献   

9.
An effective pulse sequence for measuring H–H coupling constants, named BASHD‐J‐resolved‐COSY, has been developed. In the spin systems such as –CHA–CHB(CH3)–CHC–, a methine proton HB splits into a multiplet owing to several vicinal couplings, resulting in attenuation of its cross‐peak intensity. Therefore, the measurements of 3JH–H with respect to HB are generally difficult in the E‐COSY‐type experiments. With the aim of accurate measurements of 3JH‐H in such a spin system, we have developed a new pulse sequence, which selectively decouples the secondary methyl group. The proposed pulse sequence provides the simplified cross‐peak patterns, which are suitable for reliable measurements of 3JH‐H in a complicated natural product. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

10.
The effects of phase modulation due to homonuclear proton–proton coupling constants in HSQMBC‐IPAP and HMBC‐IPAP experiments are experimentally evaluated. We show that accurate values of small proton–carbon coupling constants, nJCH, can be extracted even for phase‐distorted cross‐peaks obtained from a selHSQMBC experiment applied simultaneously on two mutually J‐coupled protons. On the other hand, an assessment of the reliability of nJCH measurement from distorted cross‐peaks obtained in broadband IPAP versions of equivalent HMBC and HSQMBC experiments is also presented. Finally, we show that HMBC‐COSY experiments could be an excellent complement to HMBC for the measurement of small nJCH values. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

11.
The properties of the intramolecular hydrogen bonds of doubly 15N‐labeled protonated sponges of the 1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMANH+) type have been studied as a function of the solvent, counteranion, and temperature using low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy. Information about the hydrogen‐bond symmetries was obtained by the analysis of the chemical shifts δH and δN and the scalar coupling constants J(N,N), J(N,H), J(H,N) of the 15NH15N hydrogen bonds. Whereas the individual couplings J(N,H) and J(H,N) were averaged by a fast intramolecular proton tautomerism between two forms, it is shown that the sum |J(N,H)+J(H,N)| generally represents a measure of the hydrogen‐bond strength in a similar way to δH and J(N,N). The NMR spectroscopic parameters of DMANH+ and of 4‐nitro‐DMANH+ are independent of the anion in the case of CD3CN, which indicates ion‐pair dissociation in this solvent. By contrast, studies using CD2Cl2, [D8]toluene as well as the freon mixture CDF3/CDF2Cl, which is liquid down to 100 K, revealed an influence of temperature and of the counteranions. Whereas a small counteranion such as trifluoroacetate perturbed the hydrogen bond, the large noncoordinating anion tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate B[{C6H3(CF3)2}4]? (BARF?), which exhibits a delocalized charge, made the hydrogen bond more symmetric. Lowering the temperature led to a similar symmetrization, an effect that is discussed in terms of solvent ordering at low temperature and differential solvent order/disorder at high temperatures. By contrast, toluene molecules that are ordered around the cation led to typical high‐field shifts of the hydrogen‐bonded proton as well as of those bound to carbon, an effect that is absent in the case of neutral NHN chelates.  相似文献   

12.
Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on CuII/I bipyridyl or phenanthroline complexes as redox shuttles have achieved very high open‐circuit voltages (VOC, more than 1 V). However, their short‐circuit photocurrent density (JSC) has remained modest. Increasing the JSC is expected to extend the spectral response of sensitizers to the red or NIR region while maintaining efficient electron injection in the mesoscopic TiO2 film and fast regeneration by the CuI complex. Herein, we report two new D‐A‐π‐A‐featured sensitizers termed HY63 and HY64 , which employ benzothiadiazole (BT) or phenanthrene‐fused‐quinoxaline (PFQ), respectively, as the auxiliary electron‐withdrawing acceptor moiety. Despite their very similar energy levels and absorption onsets, HY64 ‐based DSSCs outperform their HY63 counterparts, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.5 %. PFQ is superior to BT in reducing charge recombination resulting in the near‐quantitative collection of photogenerated charge carriers.  相似文献   

13.
Recently, it has been reported that large nJCC correlations can sometimes be observed in 1,1‐ADEQUATE spectra with significant intensity, which opens the possibility of structural misassignment. In this work, we have focused on pyrimidine‐based compounds, which exhibit multiple bond correlations in the 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment as a consequence of 3JCC coupling constants greater than 10 Hz. Results are supported by both the experimental measurement of 3JCC coupling constants in question using J‐modulated‐ADEQUATE and density functional theory calculations.  相似文献   

14.
Despite the tremendous usage of HMBC to establish long‐range 1H–13C and 1H–15N heteronuclear correlations, an inherent drawback of the experiment is the indeterminate nature of the nJXH correlations afforded by the experiment. A priori there is no reliable way of determining whether a given nJCH correlation is, for example, via two‐, three‐, or sometimes even four‐bonds. This limitation of the HMBC experiment spurred the development of the ADEQUATE family of NMR experiments that rely on, in the case of 1,1‐ADEQUATE, an out‐and‐back transfer of magnetization via the 1JCC homonuclear coupling constant, which is significantly larger than nJCC (where n = 2–4) couplings in most cases. Hence, the 1,1‐ADEQUATE experiment has generally been assumed to unequivocally provide the equivalent of 2JCH correlations. The recent development of the 1,1‐ and 1,n‐HD‐ADEQUATE experiments that can provide homodecoupling for certain 1JCC and nJCC correlations has increased the sensitivity of the ADEQUATE experiments significantly and can allow acquisition of these data in a fraction of the time required for the original iterations of this pulse sequence. With these gains in sensitivity, however, there occasionally come unanticipated consequences. We have observed that the collapse of proton multiplets, in addition to providing better s/n for the desired 1JCC correlations can facilitate the observation of typically weaker 2JCC correlations across intervening carbonyl resonances in 1,1‐HD‐ADEQUATE spectra. Several examples are shown, with the results supported by the measurement of the 2JCC coupling constants in question using J‐modulated‐HD‐ADEQUATE and DFT calculations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
Two‐dimensional J‐resolved (Jres) NMR experiments offer a simple, user‐friendly spectral representation where the information of coupling constants and chemical shifts are separated into two orthogonal frequency axis. Since its initial proposal 40 years ago, Jres has been the focus of considerable interest both in improving the basic pulse sequence and in its successful application to a wide range of studies. Here, the latest developments in the design of novel Jres pulse schemes are reviewed, mainly focusing on obtaining pure absorption lineshapes, minimizing strong coupling artifacts, and also optimizing sensitivity and experimental measurements. A discussion of several Jres versions for the accurate measurement of a different number of homonuclear (JHH) and heteronuclear (JCH) coupling constants is presented, accompanied by some illustrative examples.  相似文献   

16.
The connectivity, conformation, tautomeric form, and dynamics of a new depsidone (perisalazinic acid) were characterized using one‐bond 13C? 13C NMR scalar couplings (1JCC) obtained from the INADEQUATE experiment. Characterization of perisalazinic acid using more conventional NMR techniques is problematic due to the extremely limited number of C? H protons present. In the present study, 81 candidate structures were considered and a best fit structure was selected by comparing computed 1JCC values for each candidate to 15 experimental values. Of the six flexible moieties in perisalazinic acid, three are adequately represented by a single orientation stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The three remaining groups are present as mixtures of conformers with two sites consisting of a pair of conformations and another disordered over six orientations. This study demonstrates the feasibility of complete three‐dimensional structural characterization of an unknown using only theoretical and experimental 1JCC values.  相似文献   

17.
Four discrete metal‐radical complexes, [Cu(p‐MePh‐COO)2(NITpPy)2] ( 1 ), [Ni(m‐MePhCOO)2(NITpPy)2(H2O)2] · (CH3‐OH)2 ( 2 ), [Mn(p‐MePhCOO)2(NITpPy)2(H2O)2] ( 3 ), and [Mn(m‐MePhCOO)2(NITpPy)2(H2O)2] ( 4 ) [NITpPy = 2‐(4‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazolyl‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, PXRD, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and magnetic susceptibility. For the four complexes, the crystal structural analyses indicate that the two radical ligands coordinated to the metal ions by the nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings form three spin complexes, where toluates act as co‐ligands. Weak antiferromagnetic interactions [JCu–Rad = –6.75 cm–1 ( 1 ), JCo–Rad = –4.15 cm–1 ( 2 ), JMn–Rad = –0.22 cm–1 ( 3 ), and JMn–Rad = –3.74 cm–1 ( 4 )] were observed, spin polarization mechanism and orbital symmetry are used to explain the magnetic coupling in these complexes.  相似文献   

18.
Panchromatic RuII sensitizers TF‐30–TF‐33 bearing a new class of 6‐quinolin‐8‐yl‐2,2′‐bipyridine anchor were synthesized and tested under AM1.5 G simulated solar irradiation. Their increased π conjugation relative to that of the traditional 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine‐based anchor led to a remarkable improvement in absorptivity across the whole UV–Vis–NIR spectral regime. Furthermore, the introduction of a bulky tert‐butyl substituent on the quinolinyl fragment not only led to an increase in the JSC value owing to the suppression of dye aggregation, but remarkably also resulted in no loss in VOC in comparison with the reference sensitizer containing a tricarboxyterpyridine anchor. The champion sensitizer in DSC devices was found to be TF‐32 with a performance of JSC=19.2 mA cm?2, VOC=740 mV, FF=0.72, and η=10.19 %. This 6‐quinolin‐8‐yl‐2,2′‐bipyridine anchor thus serves as a prototype for the next generation of RuII sensitizers with any tridentate ancillary.  相似文献   

19.
The measurement of the magnitude and sign of 2J(C,H) couplings offers a reliable way to determine the absolute configuration at a carbon center in a fixed cyclic system. A decrease of the dihedral angle ? in the O—CA—CB—H fragment always leads to a change of the 2J(CA,HB) coupling to more negative values, independent of the type and position of substituents at the two carbon centers. The orientations of the two substituents at C‐3 of the epimeric pair 1 and 2 were determined unambiguously through the measurement of the geminal coupling constants between C‐3 and the hydrogen atoms at C‐2 and C‐4. In particular, 2J(C‐3,H‐2ax) with ?1.5 Hz, ? = 174° in 1 and ?6.6 Hz, ? = 47° in 2 , and 2J(C‐3,H‐4) with +1.5 Hz, ? = 175° in 1 and ?4.7 Hz, ? = 49° in 2 showed the greatest differences between the two epimers. Both couplings therefore allow the determination of the absolute configuration at C‐3. It should be noted, however, that the size of the coupling constants can be different for dihedral angles of nearly identical size, when there are different numbers of electronegative substituents on the two coupling pathways, i.e. no O‐substituent at C‐2, but one axial O‐substituent at C‐4. It becomes clear that it is not sufficient to measure the magnitude of 2J coupling constants only, but that the sign of the geminal coupling is needed to identify the absolute configuration at a chiral center. The coupling of C‐3 with H‐2eq is not useful for the determination of the configuration at C‐3, as the similarity of the dihedral angles ? (O—C‐3—C‐2—H‐2eq) (57° in 1 and 70° in 2 ) leads to identical coupling constants (?6.1 Hz) for both epimers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
This paper reports a theoretical analysis of the electronic structure and magnetic properties of a tetranuclear CuII complex, [Cu4(HL)4], which has a 4+2 cubane‐like structure (H3L=N,N′‐(2‐hydroxypropane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(acetylacetoneimine)). These theoretical calculations indicate a quintet (S=2) ground state; the energy‐level distribution of the magnetic states confirm Heisenberg behaviour and correspond to an S4 spin–spin interaction model. The dominant interaction is the ferromagnetic coupling between the pseudo‐dimeric units (J1=22.2 cm?1), whilst a weak and ferromagnetic interaction is found within the pseudo‐dimeric units (J2=1.4 cm?1). The amplitude and sign of these interactions are consistent with the structure and arrangement of the magnetic Cu 3d orbitals; they accurately simulate the thermal dependence of magnetic susceptibility, but do not agree with the reported J values (J1=38.4 cm?1, J2=?18.0 cm?1) that result from the experimental fitting. This result is not an isolated case; many other polynuclear systems, in particular 4+2 CuII cubanes, have been reported in which the fitted magnetic terms are not consistent with the geometrical features of the system. In this context, theoretical evaluation can be considered as a valuable tool in the interpretation of the macroscopic behaviour, thus providing clues for a rational and directed design of new materials with specific properties.  相似文献   

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