幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路

基于机电类比原理和变厚度薄圆环的平面应力方程,推导了幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路、共振频率方程和位移放大系数。讨论了第一、二阶径向共振频率及相应的位移放大系数随圆环半径比的变化关系。结果表明,幂函数型环形聚能器径向振动的等效电路是一种非互易二端口等效网络;一阶和二阶共振频率随圆环内外半径比的增大而增大;一阶径向共振模式下位移放大系数随圆环半径比的增大先降低后升高,二阶径向共振模式下位移放大系数随圆环半径比的增大而降低,但二阶时的位移放大系数整体大于一阶,因此二阶径向共振模式具有更好的径向振动性能。用COMSOL有限元软件对解析理论分析结果进行了验证,仿真模拟结果与解析理论符合良好。根据幂函数型环形聚能器的等效电路模型,进一步设计了一种压电环形换能器,计算了第一、二阶径向共振频率、反共振频率及有效机电耦合系数,通过与COMSOL有限元软件模拟结果对比,符合良好。本文研究结果为幂函数型环形聚能器及压电环形换能器的工程应用提供了简明设计理论,文中研究结论可作为一种径向超声切割刀在超声工程中获得重要应用。      

基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器

本文提出了一种基于2-2型压电复合材料的新型宽频带径向振动超声换能器,它主要由内金属圆环和外压电陶瓷复合材料圆环组成.首先利用Newnham串并联理论和均匀场理论推导了2-2型压电复合材料的等效参数;其次利用解析法得到了金属圆环和径向极化压电复合陶瓷圆环径向振动的机电等效电路;最后得到了换能器的六端机电等效电路,从而得到了换能器的频率方程.接着分析了换能器共振频率和反共振频率以及有效机电耦合系数与几何尺寸、两相体积占比的关系,采用仿真软件对新型换能器的径向振动进行了数值模拟.结果表明,利用解析法得到的共振频率和反共振频率与数值模拟结果吻合较好.此外,对换能器在水下的辐射声场进行了仿真研究,结果表明新型复合材料径向换能器相比传统纯陶瓷径向换能器,发射电压响应幅值更大,工作带宽提高接近一倍,声匹配更佳.     

圆环形聚焦声场的构建与调控

提出了一种由径向振动模式的圆环形压电换能器晶片组成的圆柱形阵列换能器结构, 依据阵元激励信号的相位调控机理, 推导了圆环形聚焦声场的调控公式, 在三维空间中构建了圆环形聚焦声场, 实现了对其聚焦区域大小、聚焦圆环半径以及轴向位置移动的调控. 理论分析和仿真研究表明, 所提出的圆柱形阵列换能器实现了对圆环形聚焦声场的调控. 为检测超声、功率超声、医学超声等应用领域提供了一种可实现的新型圆环形可调控聚焦声场.     

基于传输矩阵法的任意变厚度环型压电超声换能器

变厚度环型径向振动压电超声换能器可以实现阻抗变换、能量集中,具有辐射面积大、全指向性等优点,在功率超声、水声等领域被广泛应用.由于求解复杂变厚度金属圆环径向振动的波动方程比较困难,本文使用传输矩阵法将变厚度金属圆环的径向振动转化为N个等厚度金属圆环径向振动的叠加,得到了任意变厚度金属薄圆环径向振动的等效电路图、共振频率方程和位移放大系数表达式,分析了锥型、幂函数型、指数型、悬链线型金属圆环的位移放大系数与几何尺寸的关系.在此基础上,推导了由任意变厚度金属圆环和等厚度压电圆环复合而成的压电超声换能器径向振动的等效电路和共振频率方程.为了验证理论结果的正确性,使用有限元软件进行仿真,所得一阶、二阶的共振频率和位移放大系数的数值解与理论解符合较好.本研究给出了任意变厚度金属圆环径向振动的普适解,为设计和优化径向压电超声换能器提供了理论指导.     

阶梯圆环压电超声换能器径向振动性能的理论研究*

提出了一种阶梯圆环径向振动压电超声换能器,根据力电类比原理建立了阶梯圆环及阶梯圆环换能器的径向振动等效电路,推导了阶梯圆环的径向共振频率方程和位移放大系数,在此基础上进一步推导了换能器的径向共振和反共振频率方程。通过理论推导和有限元仿真模拟分析了阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的径向振动性能。结果表明,增大阶梯圆环中内外环的径向厚度之比K1或减小轴向厚度之比K2,阶梯圆环的一阶径向共振频率减小,二阶径向共振频率增大;在二阶径向共振模式下,K1、K2值在一定范围内阶梯圆环可实现由内向外的径向位移振幅放大;随着压电陶瓷圆环的内半径增大,阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的一阶、二阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振下的有效机电转换系数趋于零;增大阶梯圆环内环的外半径,换能器的一阶径向共振和反共振频率减小,二阶径向共振和反共振频率先增大后减小,理论推导与仿真模拟结果符合良好。本文研究结果为阶梯圆环压电超声换能器的工程应用提供理论参考。     

径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器的径向振动特性研究

对径向复合压电陶瓷超声换能器的径向振动特性进行了分析。该换能器由一个厚度极化的压电陶瓷实心圆盘和一个金属圆环在半径方向复合而成。论文首先研究了压电陶瓷圆盘及金属圆环的径向振动,推出了其径向振动的机电等效电路。在此基础上,利用换能器的径向边界条件,得出了径向复合压电陶瓷换能器的机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了换能器的共振频率和有效机电耦合系数与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。设计并实际制作了一些径向复合超声换能器,对其径向共振及反共振频率进行了测试,并利用有限元法进行了数值模拟。研究表明,利用文中理论得出的换能器的共振频率与实测值及数值模拟结果基本符合。     

锥形剖面径向复合超声换能器的机电等效电路

研究了一种锥形剖面径向复合超声换能器.该换能器由一个等截面内金属圆环、一个轴向极化的压电陶瓷圆环和一个锥形剖面外金属圆环沿径向复合而成,且换能器的径向尺寸远大于高度.锥形剖面外金属圆环满足关系式h= h0r,ho为厚度变化常数.基于平面应力径向振动理论,推导了换能器的机电等效电路,得到了共振频率方程和反共振频率方程,进...     

环形相控阵换能器辐射和反射声场

研究了超声环形相控阵辐射声场和反射声场的基本特性。理论上详细分析了环形相控阵的阵元数目、环形阵半径、阵元间距、中心频率、焦点位置等因素对辐射声场的影响。实验上设计并制作了具有8个环的等面积环形相控阵列并进行了实验测量。通过理论和实验分析,研究了环形相控阵的辐射声场及在液固界面上的反射声场特性,取得了理论和实验相吻合的结果。     

径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器

提出一种三元径向复合圆柱压电超声换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了研究。基于弹性力学理论及机电类比原理,导出了柱坐标系中分割处理径向极化压电陶瓷管准厚度模振动及薄壁短圆管径向振动的机电等效电路;利用径向力和振速连续的边界条件,得出了径向复合圆柱压电换能器系统的径向振动机电等效电路及其共振频率方程。探讨了换能器径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其几何尺寸的变化关系。研究表明,换能器的径向共振频率及有效机电耦合系数随其内芯半径和预应力管壁厚度增大而降低。研制了一些径向复合圆柱压电换能器,并对其径向共振频率进行了测试。结果表明,理论与实验结果基本一致。      

对镶在圆柱障板上单块有限复合板散射近场的研究

本文提出了预测镶在圆柱障板上一块具有三层加筋结构的复合材料有限板的振动特性和近场散射特性的理论模型。研究了在密介质中振动系统和入射声场的互作用以及不同振动之间由于辐射场引起的互耦合作用,数值计算了简支镶嵌在圆柱障板上的单块有限复合板的各种振动模式自耦合和互耦合系数,计算分析了有限复合板的振动再辐射近场特性。设计进行了测定有限复合板系统的近场实验。实验结果与理论计算结果符合较好。     

Optimization design of high power ultrasonic circular ring radiator in coupled vibration

This paper presents a new high power ultrasonic (HPU) radiator, which consists of a transducer, an ultrasonic horn, and a metal circular ring. Both the transducer and horn in longitudinal vibrations are used to drive a metal circular ring in a radial-axial coupled vibration. This coupled vibration cannot only generate ultrasound in both the radial and axial directions, but also focus the ultrasound inside the circular ring. Except for the radial-axial coupled vibration mode, the third longitudinal harmonic vibration mode with relative large vibration amplitude is also detected, which can be used as another operation mode. Overall, the HPU with these two vibration modes should have good potential to be applied in liquid processing, such as sonochemistry, ultrasonic cleaning, and Chinese herbal medicine extraction.     

模式转换型超声塑焊振动系统的设计

基于弯曲振动理论和耦合振动理论,设计了一种新型大尺寸筒形超声塑焊振动系统。该振动系统由纵向振动换能器及变幅杆、弯曲振动金属圆盘和耦合振动圆筒四部分组成。换能器和变幅杆的纵向振动驱动圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动,圆盘的二次弯曲模式振动激励圆筒的纵向模式振动,实现了工具头在较高频率下谐振。实验结果表明,振动系统的测试频率与计算频率比较符合,在大信号下测试的纵-弯-纵振动模式转换效果很好。研究结果为高频大尺寸超声焊接系统的设计提供了思路。      

Radial vibration and ultrasonic field of a long tubular ultrasonic radiator

The radial vibration of a metal long circular tube is studied analytically and its electro-mechanical equivalent circuit is obtained. Based on the equivalent circuit, the radial resonance frequency equation is derived. The theoretical relationship between the radial resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions is studied. Finite element method is used to simulate the radial vibration and the radiated ultrasonic field and the results are compared with those from the analytical method. It is concluded that the radial resonance frequency for a solid metal rod is larger than that for a metal tube with the same outer radius. The radial resonance frequencies from the analytical method are in good agreement with those from the numerical method. Based on the acoustic field analysis, it is concluded that the long metal tube with small wall thickness is superior to that with large wall thickness in producing radial vibration and ultrasonic radiation. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an effective radial ultrasonic radiator in ultrasonic sewage treatment, ultrasonic antiscale and descaling and other ultrasonic liquid handling applications.     

Analysis of the sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer in coupled vibration

The coupled vibration of the sandwich piezoelectric transducer with a large cross-section is analyzed using an approximate analytic method. The resonance frequency equations of the transducer are derived and the effect of the geometrical dimensions on the resonance frequency is studied. It is illustrated that when the radial vibration in the transducer is considered, the vibration of the sandwich transducer becomes more complex. Apart from the longitudinal resonance frequency, the radial resonance frequency can also be obtained. For comparison, numerical methods are also used to simulate the coupled vibration; the resonance frequency and the vibrational displacement distribution are computed. Compared with one-dimensional longitudinal theory, the radial dimensions of the transducer are no longer limited because the coupled vibration is considered. Compared with numerical methods, the physical meaning of the analytic method is concise. It is illustrated that the resonance frequencies obtained from the coupled resonance frequency equations are in good agreement with those from numerical methods, and they are in better agreement with the measured results than those from one-dimensional theory. Since the radial and the coupled vibration are considered in the analysis, more resonance frequencies can be obtained. Therefore, using the coupled resonance frequency equations, the sandwich transducer with multifrequency or wide frequency bandwidth can be designed and used in ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic sonochemistry and other applications.     

矩形辐射器压电多频超声换能器的研究

研究了一种具有多个共振频率的矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器,换能器由圆柱形后盖板、压电陶瓷晶堆及矩形六面体辐射器前盖板组合而成。利用表观弹性法和一维近似理论给出了多频换能器横向及纵向理论共振频率方程。对一种特殊情况下的此类换能器进行了有限元及实验分析,给出了各自的频率输入导纳曲线。对理论和实验结果进行分析后表明,此类矩形辐射器夹心式超声换能器可以在不同的振动模态上工作,具有多个共振频率.     

Study on the radial composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer in radial vibration

A new type of radial composite piezoelectric transducer in radial vibration is developed and analyzed. The radial composite transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring polarized in the thickness direction and a metal thin circular ring. They are connected together and excited to vibrate in the radial direction. The radial vibrations of a piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and a metal thin circular ring are analyzed, respectively. Their radial electro-mechanical equivalent circuits are obtained. Based on the electro-mechanical equivalent circuits and using the boundary conditions between the piezoelectric ceramic thin ring and the metal thin circular ring in the radial direction, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit of the radial composite piezoelectric transducer is derived out and the resonance frequency equation is obtained. The relationship between the resonance frequency and the geometrical dimensions of the transducer is analyzed. Some radial composite piezoelectric transducers are designed and manufactured. The resonance frequencies and the anti-resonance frequencies, the electro-mechanical equivalent circuit parameters are measured. The effective electro-mechanical coupling coefficient and the mechanical quality factor are calculated. It is illustrated that the measured radial resonance frequencies are in good agreement with the theoretical results from the resonance frequency equation.     

Study on the high power air-coupled ultrasonic compound transducer

The high power air-coupled compound ultrasonic transducer in flexural vibration is studied. The transducer consists of a sandwich longitudinal piezoelectric transducer and a circular thin plate in flexural vibration. The resonance frequency equation and the equivalent circuit of a circular radiator with clamped boundary condition are derived. The resonance frequency equation and the equivalent circuit of the compound transducer are also obtained. The radiated acoustic field of the circular thin plate radiator is analyzed and the directional pattern is calculated. It can be seen that when the vibrational order of the circular thin plate in flexural vibration is increased, the radiated acoustic field becomes complex.