Preparation and Characterization of Antibacterial Polyacrylonitrile-based Activated Carbon Fiber Supporting Nano-ZnO

Polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based activated carbon fiber(PACF) supporting nano-ZnO(PACF /nano-ZnO) was prepared by spin, pretreatment, carbonization, and KOH chemical activation at an activation temperature of 950 ℃ for 40 min. Nano-ZnO content, distribution and antibacterial properties of the PACF/nano-ZnO were studied. The pore structure and surface properties of the PACF/nano-ZnO were studied by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), N₂/77 K isothermal adsorption. The specific surface area increased markedly after the activation process and it was several hundred times greater than that before the process. The PACF/nano-ZnO shows a strong adsorption for Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) and antibacterial activity against them. As an experimental result, antibacterial properties of PACF/nano-ZnO increased with increasing the concentration of nano-ZnO particles, which suggests it is a promising antibacterial material.     

Modeling and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue and Acid Blue 80 Adsorption onto Potato Residue Based Activated Carbon

A study was made on the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue(MB) and acid blue 80(AB80) onto powder of activated carbon(PAC) prepared by chemical method from dry potato residue(DPR). The PAC was characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The ma- ximum adsorption capacities of PAC for MB and AB80 at 303 K are 532.19 and 156.22 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that the adsorption kinetics of the selected dyes on PAC is well-described by the pseudo-second order model. And their thermodynamic data were analyzed via the isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth and Sips, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results show that PAC is a fast and effective adsorbent for removing the cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.     

萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维上的吸附

研究了水溶液中萘在粘胶基活性炭纤维(VACF)吸附剂上的等温吸附.用多种吸附方程(Langmuir、Freundlich、Dubinin-Radushkevitch(D-R)、Dubinin-Astalov(D-A)、Langmuir-Freundlich(L-F)、Redlich-Peterson(R-P))对吸附实验数据进行拟合,考察了温度、pH和负载铜离子对萘吸附的影响.方程拟合结果表明微孔吸附容积填充理论对VACF吸附萘有较好的适用性,优于单层吸附理论.在20-40℃之间,萘的吸附是自发进行的,30℃以上时,萘的吸附量显著降低.提出了新的机理来解释pH较低时吸附量显著上升的实验现象.负载铜离子后VACF对萘吸附量降低.     

KOH Direct Activation for Preparing Activated Carbon Fiber from Polyacrylonitrile-based Pre-oxidized Fiber

The activated carbon fiber（ACF） was prepared from polyacrylonitrile-based pre-oxidized fiber（PANOF） by KOH direct activation. The influence of activation conditions including impregnation ratio（the mass ratio of PANOF to KOH）, activation temperature and activation time on the pore structure and electrochemical properties of ACF was investigated, and the corresponding activation mechanism was proposed. The ACF prepared at an activation temperature of 800℃ and an impregnation ratio（the mass ratio of PANOF to KOH） of 1：2 for an activation time of 1 b in 6 mol/L KOH solution exhibits a specific surface area of 3029 m^2/g, a mesoporosity of 84.2% and a specific capacitance of 288 F/g, and shows a good capacitive performance. The prepared ACF can be used as the electrode material for supercapacitors.     

KOH活化废弃麻制备活性炭及其结构表征

以日常生活中废弃麻纺品为原料, KOH为活化剂, 采用炭化和活化两步法制备麻质活性炭(LAC). 采用比表面积测定仪在77 K下测定其N2吸附-脱附等温线, 通过Langmuir方程、BET方程和BJH法计算其比表面积、孔体积和孔径分布. 结果表明, 麻质活性炭的BET比表面积为1387.473 m2/g, Langmuir比表面积为1790.573 m2/g, 吸附累积总孔容达0.415 cm3/g; 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪以及红外光谱仪对麻质活性炭的结构进行了表征, 分析其表面形貌、微观结构及表面化学官能团.     

染料在剑麻基活性碳纤维上吸附速度的研究

本文研究了单组分染料在活性碳纤维上的吸附速度及双组分染料的竞争吸附速度。研究结果表明,不同染料分子在ＳＡＣＦ上吸附速度差异较大,结晶紫的吸附速度比亚甲基蓝或铬蓝黑Ｒ慢行多。亚甲基蓝和铬蓝黑Ｒ双组分共存时,其吸附速度与单组分时的相近,但初始阶段亚甲基蓝的吸附比铬蓝黑Ｒ快得多。由于染料的分子尺寸与ＡＣＦ的微孔大小相近,染料在活性碳纤维上的七染料孤及活怀碳纤维的孔结构密切相关。因此,不同染料分子在ＡＣＦ     

氧化还原活性碳纤维的研究进展

就氧化还原碳纤维的制备及其结构、影响氧化还原容量的因素、氧化还原机理等方面进行了综述，并做了研究前景展望。     

Brilliant Blue R Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on Activated Carbon Produced from Corncob Waste

Brilliant blue R adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbon produced from corncob waste was investigated. The carbon samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR methods. The surface functional groups (carboxyl, lactone or phenol, ether, hydroxyl) disappeared at high activation temperature, resulting in a high amount of carbon with respect to oxygen. The kinetic studies of the adsorption of brilliant blue R on carbon at 10 and 45 °C showed that the first order and intraparticle diffusion models apply to the data. The reaction rate increased with the increase in temperature of adsorption/activation. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔE^#, ΔH^# and ΔS^# for adsorption were calculated from the kinetic data. The positive value of ΔH^# shows the endothermic nature of adsorption which decreased with the increase in adsorption/activation temperature. The negative values of ΔS^# reflect a decrease in the disorder of the system at the solid‐solution interface during adsorption. Equilibrium studies showed that the data fits the Langmuir model.     

Gd掺杂TiO2/活性炭纤维复合材料的制备及表征

以TiCl4和Gd(NO3)3·6H2O为主要原料,采用酸催化水解法制备Gd掺杂TiO2光催化剂并通过浸涂法将其负载在活性炭纤维(ACF)表面,制得Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料。 以气相苯为模型物,考察材料的光催化活性。 利用XRD、FTIR及GC-MS对催化剂的晶相结构、光谱特征等进行了表征。 结果表明,Gd掺杂能有效抑制TiO2的晶粒生长。 Gd掺杂量、浸涂次数影响TiO2/ACF光催化活性,Gd2O3掺杂质量分数为0.48%、浸涂2次的TiO2/ACF活性最高。 在苯光催化氧化后的Gd掺杂TiO2/ACF复合材料表面未发现醌类中间产物的存在。 Gd的掺入能减缓催化剂失活,光催化反应100 min后仍能表现出较高活性。     

Fast Removal and Recovery of Methylene Blue by Activated Carbon Modified with Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

A magnetic adsorbent was synthesized by modification of activated carbons with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (AC‐MIONs). The preparation method is fast and could be carried out in an ordinary condition. The AC‐MIONs were used as quite efficient adsorbents for separation of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution in a batch process. The effect of different parameters such as pH, temperature, electrolyte concentration, contact time and interfering ions on the removal of MB were studied. The adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and a maximum adsorption amount of 47.62 mg g^‐1 and a langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 3.0 L mg^‐1 were obtained. The obtained results revealed that AC‐MIONs were effective adsorbents for fast removal of MB from different aqueous solutions. This adsorbent was successfully used for removal of MB from Karoon River water.     

四元Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金的制备及性能研究

用机械合金化法合成了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9X0.1(X=Mn,Zn,Co,Fe)系列合金.X射线衍射(XRD)结构分析表明,用X部分替代Ni后,促进了Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金的非晶化过程.用Co和Fe部分替代Ni提高了合金的放电容量,但却降低了合金的循环稳定性.用Zn和Mn部分替代Ni提高了合金电极的循环寿命,尤其是Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Zn0.1合金电极经10个充放电循环后,其放电容量仍可达到313.8mA.h/g.对添加Co后的合金进行p-c-T测试发现,Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni0.9Co0.1合金的吸放氢容量明显比Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni合金高,这与电化学所测到的结果一致.     

活性炭孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC光催化性能的影响

采用“同步物理-化学活化法”二次活化商品活性炭, 制备不同孔径和比表面积的系列活性炭(AC)载体, 以偏钛酸为钛源, 利用均匀沉淀法制备TiO2负载型光催化剂(TiO2/AC), 用氮吸附、XRD、SEM等方法表征, 研究活性炭的孔径和比表面积对TiO2/AC性能的影响; 并通过降解水溶液中的亚甲基蓝(MB)研究TiO2/AC光催化氧化特性, 考察催化剂投加量、不同MB浓度等因素对光催化氧化的影响. 结果表明, 负载的TiO2粒子粒径为12-20 nm, 活性炭的比表面积大、平均孔径大有利于TiO2的均匀分散, 阻止TiO2晶粒生长, 有利于充分发挥TiO2小尺度效应; 另外, 活性炭吸附和TiO2光解的协同效应使TiO2/AC光催化剂对MB降解的效率显著提高. 动力学研究表明, TiO2/AC光催化降解MB反应符合表观一级动力学特征.     

杂多酸在活性炭表面含氧基团上的化学键合作用

杂多酸作为一种新型多功能催化剂，近年来匕成为催化领域的研究热点之一［’l杂多酸在均相对许多反应表现出优异催化性能，正逐步为工业催化过程所采用问．较早的研究表明，吸附在活性炭上的杂多酸可部分牢固地存留干其表面不被溶脱，并可保持一定的催化活性＊．关干活性炭表面上杂多酸吸附作用的本质，一直没有明确的结论．本文通过吸附在活性炭表面和溶于含氧有机溶剂中杂多酸的光谱特征，探讨活性炭表面上杂多酸吸附的化学键合作用．1实验部分（且）药品：杂多酸均为市售商品，未经任何处理，直接使用．硅钨酸分子式为儿出风。0。。‘24…     

Conversion of Waste Tyres into Carbon Black and their Utilization as Adsorbent

Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming used tyres into useful recyclable products. Pyrolytic carbon black is one of the most important products of tyre pyrolysis. Waste tyres were pyrolysed at 450 °C in a batch reactor under atmospheric pressure. The recovered pyrolytic carbon black residues were studied to investigate their characteristics for use as a possible adsorbent. EDX elemental analysis and surface area determinations were used to investigate the distinctive features of pyrolytic carbon black. Due to various inorganic additives of the original tyre that contaminated the carbon black obtained, it was treated with acid for demineralization. The demineralized carbon black was activated at 900 °C in a furnace. It was observed that acid treatment and activation increased the surface areas and decreased the concentration of contaminants. Furthermore, adsorption characteristics of methylene blue on acid‐treated and activated carbon black (prepared via acid treatment) were compared with those of commercial activated carbon in liquid phase adsorption. It was found that adsorption capacity of methylene blue on acid‐treated activated carbon black was greater.     

活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附达旦黄规律的影响

The effect of pH on the adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon from aqueous solution has been studied. It has been found that the Zeta potential of the activated carbon has a great effect on adsorption capacity of Titan yellow. The kinetic and the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption as a function of pH has been evaluated. The mechanism for adsorption of anionic dye Titan yellow on the activated carbon has also been discussed.     

蜂巢状多孔明胶制备高性能超级电容器用活性炭

近年来,以生物质为前驱体来制备碳材料因其资源丰富、廉价易得、无污染且可再生等优点而引起人们的广泛关注。本文将生物质明胶制备成呈蜂巢状的多孔结构,并以此为前驱体经碳化、活化制备活性炭。研究表明,与商品化明胶相比,由多孔明胶所制备的活性炭其比表面积(可高达3692 m~2?g1)及超级电容器性能均有明显提升。在6 mol?L~(-1) KOH水溶液中,由多孔明胶经600°C碳化、700°C KOH活化所制备的活性炭,在1 A?g~(-1)的放电容量为357 F?g~(-1),即使在100 A?g~(-1)的大电流密度下,其比电容仍可维持在227 F?g~(-1)。活性炭样品也表现出优异的循环稳定性,在10 A?g~(-1)下经7500圈循环稳定性测试后,其初始容量保持率高达93.0%。而且,以该活性炭组装的对称型超级电容器,在250、2500及25000 W?kg~(-1)的功率密度下,其能量密度分别为10.3、9.7和8.2 Wh?kg~(-1);在10 A?g~(-1)下经10000次循环后,容量保持率高达97.6%。这些研究结果表明由蜂巢状多孔明胶所制备的活性炭在高性能超级电容器中具有巨大的应用潜力。     

Characterization of TiO2 Loaded on Activated Carbon Fibers and Its Photocatalytic Reactivity

In this paper, TiO2 loaded on activated carbon fibers （ACF） was prepared by a coating treatment, followed by calcination at different temperatures in air atmosphere. The photocatalyst developed was characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and UV-Vis adsorption spectroscopy. It was observed from SEM images that TiO2 loaded on ACF was in the form of small clusters with nanometer size. As confirmed by XRD and XPS determinations, the crystalline pattern of immobilized TiO2 was still anatase-form after calcination, and the micrographic structure and surface properties of ACF have not been damaged by the deposition process and calcination at different temperatures. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue （MB） in aqueous .solution was investigated using TiOE/ACF as photocatalyst. The comparison of photolysis, absorption and photocatalysis was carded out. The results indicated that the photocatalysis process of combined photocatalyst showed much higher degradation rate than that of photolysis and absorption processes. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the photocatalyst was also confirmed.     

电化学间接测量法研究谷胱甘肽在多壁碳纳米管和活性炭上的吸附

选取谷胱甘肽(GSH)作为小分子代表物,利用Cr(VI)与GSH的相互作用,即K2Cr2O7/H2SO4溶液加入GSH前后Cr(VI)还原峰电流值的差异,通过差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)的测定,可以间接测出GSH的含量.尝试将这种电化学间接测量法应用于研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)与商业活性炭(AC)对GSH的吸附行为.利用该方法可以确立GSH在二者的吸附量(Q)与吸附平衡浓度(Ce)的关系,绘制吸附等温曲线.根据Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程的拟合分析,证明了与商业活性炭相比,GSH在MWCNTs上的吸附更倾向Freundlich模型,即多分子层吸附.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行形貌表征,发现MWCNTs具有发达的堆积孔结构,有利于GSH小分子内扩散和吸附,与实验结果一致.     

孔结构对活性炭吸附水溶液中铅离子的影响

选取三种表面化学性质相近的活性炭(AC),通过等温吸附实验考察活性炭对水溶液中铅离子的吸附性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察活性炭的表面微观形貌,通过低温(77 K)液氮吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容,并分别以密度泛函理论(DFT)和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)法计算微孔和中孔的孔径分布.结果表明:选用的三种活性炭AC1、AC2、AC3在比表面积和总孔容上呈依次下降的趋势,但表面开放孔均匀分布的AC2,具有最高的饱和吸附量,孔结构类似颗粒堆积孔的AC3,具有与表面开放孔分布集中的AC1相近的饱和吸附量;通过对孔结构与吸附量的关联分析可知,在活性炭吸附铅离子的过程中, 0.4-0.6 nm的孔是有效吸附孔, 10.5-20.6 nm、20.6-55.6 nm、5.2-10.5 nm三个区间的孔则会对吸附产生阻碍作用.     

Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Wood Activated Charcoal of Bombax Cieba Tree

Thermodynamic and kinetics of adsorption of basic dyes (methylene blue and basic blue 3) on wood charcoal activated at 800 °C, prepared from Bombax Cieba (M78D) was investigated. Equilibrium data was obtained using batch method at temperatures of 10 °C to 50 °C. It was found that adsorption increase with increase in temperature. The Langmuir isotherm model describe the equilibrium of adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔS°, ΔH° and ΔG° were calculated. From the values of ΔH° and ΔG°, it was concluded that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. To determine kinetics parameter Lagergren equation was applied, and it was found that the reaction proceed through first order kinetic mechanism.