Generalized geometrical structures of odd dimensional manifolds

We define an almost-cosymplectic-contact structure which generalizes cosymplectic and contact structures of an odd dimensional manifold. Analogously, we define an almost-coPoisson–Jacobi structure which generalizes a Jacobi structure. Moreover, we study relations between these structures and analyse the associated algebras of functions.As examples of the above structures, we present geometrical dynamical structures of the phase space of a general relativistic particle, regarded as the 1st jet space of motions in a spacetime. We describe geometric conditions by which a metric and a connection of the phase space yield cosymplectic and dual coPoisson structures, in case of a spacetime with absolute time (a Galilei spacetime), or almost-cosymplectic-contact and dual almost-coPoisson–Jacobi structures, in case of a spacetime without absolute time (an Einstein spacetime).     

一种经典时空理论(Ⅰ)——基础

尽管广义相对论形式优美,成果辉煌,但在以下几个方面却未尽完善:(1)它不能容纳不对称的总能量-动量张量,这种不对称性已经在电磁理论中被证明是存在的.(2)场方程可以导出线动量平衡定律,却不能导出角动量平衡定律的精确方程.(3)如果没有附加(非物理)的假设,缩并的第二Bianchi恒等式的四度任意性使场方程无法获得唯一解.为了解决这些问题,我们在本文提出,把纤维丛P[M,SU(2)]定律作为四维时空的基本几何结构.于此,结构群SU(2)是特殊二维复酉群的实表示.SU(2)同时使定义在整个M上的度规型dS2=g_αβdxαdxβ和基本二型φ=(1/2₁)a_αβdxα∧dxβ不变.以SU(2)连络定义的爱因斯坦方程利用了时空流形以及把非齐次麦克斯韦方程作为辅助条件.于此,电磁张量与曲率张量的缩并形式是等价的.我们得到的结果是关于16个未知场变量(g_αβ,a_αβ)的16个独立的基本方程.另外,角动量平衡定律恰好是推广的爱因斯坦方程的斜对称部分.这里,自旋角动量张量直接被证明与扭转张量成比例.     

Mass moment vector applications to the multi body dynamics with coupled rotations about no intersecting axes

Multi body system contains finite number of rigid bodies that are placed on each axis, which do not intersect each other. Derivatives of the linear momentum and angular momentum with respect to time by use mass moment vectors and vector rotators for pole and axis, are determined. A number of theorems are defined. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The permanent rotations of a balanced non-autonomous gyrostat

The permanent rotations of a gyrostat about its fixed centre of gravity are investigated. It is assumed that the lines of action of the time-dependent gyrostatic momentum vector maintain a constant position in a reference system attached to the carrier body. It is shown that, if the total angular momentum of the gyrostat is non-zero, permanent rotations can only occur about its principal axes of inertia. In that case the gyrostatic momentum vector must be collinear with one of the principal axes of inertia of the gyrostat.     

Deformations of Charged Axially Symmetric Initial Data and the Mass–Angular Momentum–Charge Inequality

We show how to reduce the general formulation of the mass–angular momentum–charge inequality, for axisymmetric initial data of the Einstein–Maxwell equations, to the known maximal case whenever a geometrically motivated system of equations admits a solution. It is also shown that the same reduction argument applies to the basic inequality yielding a lower bound for the area of black holes in terms of mass, angular momentum, and charge. This extends previous work by the authors (Cha and Khuri, Ann Henri Poincaré, doi: 10.1007/s00023-014-0332-6, arXiv:1401.3384, 2014), in which the role of charge was omitted. Lastly, we improve upon the hypotheses required for the mass–angular momentum–charge inequality in the maximal case.     

Orbital angular momentum of the laser beam and the second order intensity moments

From the wave equation of a generalized beam the orbital angular momentum is studied. It is shown that the orbital angular momentum exists not only in the Laguerre_Gaussian beam,but in any beam with an angular_dependent structure. By calculating the second order intensity moments of the beam the relation between the orbital angular momentum and the second order moments 〈xθy〉, 〈yθx〉 is given. As an example the orbital angular momentum of the general astigmatic Gaussian beam is studied.     

The generators of Lorentz transformation in momentum space

In the momentum space, the angular momentum operator and the boost vector operator,i.e. the generators for the Lorentz transformation of a particle with arbitrary spin and nonzero mass are discussed. Some new expressions are obtained in terms of the orbital and spin parts.``     

Gain of regularity for the relativistic collision operator

We study a regularity property for the gain part of the relativistic Boltzmann collision operator. Our assumptions on the collisional cross-section cover the full range of generic hard and soft potentials with angular cut-off. We first take the Fourier transform of the gain operator and extract the modulus of Fourier symbol of the first order by exploiting the positive-definiteness of the relativistic correction in the post-collisional momentum. We then provide two different proofs based on Young’s convolution inequality and the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality.     

The formation of black holes in spherically symmetric gravitational collapse

We consider the spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat Einstein–Vlasov system. We find explicit conditions on the initial data, with ADM mass M, such that the resulting spacetime has the following properties: there is a family of radially outgoing null geodesics where the area radius r along each geodesic is bounded by 2M, the timelike lines \({r=c\in [0,2M]}\) are incomplete, and for r > 2M the metric converges asymptotically to the Schwarzschild metric with mass M. The initial data that we construct guarantee the formation of a black hole in the evolution. We give examples of such initial data with the additional property that the solutions exist for all r ≥ 0 and all Schwarzschild time, i.e., we obtain global existence in Schwarzschild coordinates in situations where the initial data are not small. Some of our results are also established for the Einstein equations coupled to a general matter model characterized by conditions on the matter quantities.     

Angular momentum and gravimagnetization of the N=2 supersymmetric vacuum

We consider the gravimagnetization of the N=2 supersymmetric vacuum in the presence of the ??-deformation. We argue that the Seiberg-Witten prepotential is related to the vacuum density of the angular momentum in the Euclidean space ? ⁴ . We conjecture the possible role of the dyonic instantons as the microscopic angular momentum carriers that could yield a spontaneous vacuum gravimagnetization. We interpret the dyonic instanton as an analogue of the Euclidean bounce in ? ⁴ . Such a bounce is related to the Schwinger pair production. We also briefly discuss the induced angular momentum in ? ⁴ in the dual Liouville formulation of the SU(2) theory in terms of the hypothesis of the Alday-Gaiotto-Tachikawa correspondence.     

三维高速冲击动力有限元滑移面算法

本文给出三维高速冲击动力有限元滑移面算法.该算法不但能保证单元结点的动量守恒、动量矩守恒,而且由实例计算表明该算法在处理高速穿、破甲过程中是稳定和有效的.     

Uniqueness of Kottler spacetime and the Besse conjecture

We establish a black hole uniqueness theorem for Schwarzschild–de Sitter spacetime, also called Kottler spacetime, which satisfies Einstein's field equations of general relativity with positive cosmological constant. Our result concerns the class of static vacuum spacetimes with compact spacelike slices and regular maximal level set of the lapse function. We provide a characterization of the interior domain of communication of the Kottler spacetime, which surrounds an inner horizon and is surrounded by a cosmological horizon. The proof combines arguments from the theory of partial differential equations and differential geometry, and is centered on a detailed study of a possibly singular foliation. We also apply our technique in the Riemannian setting, and establish the validity of the so-called Besse conjecture.     

Global well posedness for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with an angular momentum rotational term

In this paper, we establish the global well posedness of the Cauchy problem for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a rotational angular momentum term in the space ?². Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conformal vector fields on spacetimes

We study conformal vector fields and their zeros on spacetimes which are non-conformally-flat. Depending on the Petrov type, we classify all conformal vector fields with zeros. The problems of reducing a conformal vector field to a homothetic vector field are considered. We show that a spacetime admitting a proper homothetic vector field is (locally) a plane wave. This precises a well-known theorem of {Alekseevski}, where all these spacetimes are determined in a more general form.     

Solutions of the generalized Lennard-Jones system

In this paper, we study solution structures of the following generalized Lennard-Jones system in R~n,x=(-α/|x|~(α+2)+β/|x|~(β+2))x,with 0 α β. Considering periodic solutions with zero angular momentum, we prove that the corresponding problem degenerates to 1-dimensional and possesses infinitely many periodic solutions which must be oscillating line solutions or constant solutions. Considering solutions with non-zero angular momentum, we compute Morse indices of the circular solutions first, and then apply the mountain pass theorem to show the existence of non-circular solutions with non-zero topological degrees. We further prove that besides circular solutions the system possesses in fact countably many periodic solutions with arbitrarily large topological degree, infinitely many quasi-periodic solutions, and infinitely many asymptotic solutions.     

The energy—Momentum tensor as the source of the gravitational field and the effective Riemannian spacetime

It is shown in this paper that the assumption of the matter energy—momentum tensor is the source of the gravitational field leads naturally to an effective Riemannian geometry of spacetime.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 538–542, September, 1995.     

Accretive growth kinematics via null evolution curve

It is known that the kinematics on the Lorentzian surfaces changes according to the casual characters of the vector fields. Suspicions, the character of the generator curve affects the surface growth. Therefore, we determine the model of the growth function in the three-dimensional Minkowski spacetime with a null generating curve. Moreover, the proposed method is illustrated with various examples.     

Holography and nonlocal operators for the BTZ black hole with nonzero angular momentum

We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to study a singlet potential of interaction of the quark-antiquark pair for the BTZ black hole with a nonzero angular momentum. Using explicit forms of string configurations contributing to the potential, we demonstrate that the potential manifests different dependences on the angular momentum in the cases of Euclidean and Lorentzian signatures of the BTZ black hole.     

Local Propagation of Impulsive GravitationalWaves

In this paper, we initiate the rigorous mathematical study of the problem of impulsive gravitational spacetime waves. We construct such spacetimes as solutions to the characteristic initial value problem of the Einstein vacuum equations with a data curvature delta singularity. We show that in the resulting spacetime, the delta singularity propagates along a characteristic hypersurface, while away from that hypersurface the spacetime remains smooth. Unlike the known explicit examples of impulsive gravitational spacetimes, this work in particular provides the first construction of an impulsive gravitational wave of compact extent and does not require any symmetry assumptions. The arguments in the present paper also extend to the problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions to a larger class of nonregular characteristic data. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.