固相萃取-气相色谱法检测枸杞子中啶虫脒的残留量

采用固相萃取-气相色谱法检测枸杞子中啶虫脒残留量。用乙腈提取样品中的啶虫脒,活性炭和中性氧化铝串联固相萃取柱净化,用气相色谱微电子捕获检测器进行检测。在0.02~5.0mg/L的浓度范围内,啶虫脒的线性关系良好,相关系数r=0.9999,回收率在81.3%~108.8%之间,检出限为0.005mg/kg。该方法可用于枸杞子中啶虫脒残留量的测定。     

加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定叶菜类蔬菜种植土壤中5种杀虫剂的残留量

叶菜类蔬菜种植土壤样品过筛(180μm)后,加入无水硫酸钠和硅藻土进行研磨,所得样品再以丙酮与正己烷以体积比2∶3组成的混合液为萃取溶剂进行加速溶剂萃取,萃取液用氮气吹至近干,净化后,采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定净化液中啶虫脒、茚虫威、氯虫苯甲酰胺、辛硫磷、异菌脲等5种杀虫剂的残留量。在气相色谱分离中采用HP-5MS色谱柱,在串联质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。5种杀虫剂的质量浓度均在0.05～5.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.010～0.018μg·kg~(-1)。以空白土壤样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为76.9%～100%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.5%～4.1%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱检测茶叶中啶虫脒残留量

建立了茶叶中啶虫脒残留量的气相色谱分析方法.样品用乙腈超声提取,经Envi-Forisil固相小柱净化,以V(石油醚):V(丙酮)=1:1洗脱,GC-ECD检测,外标法定量.在0.01～0.10 mg/kg的添加水平,平均回收率在90.9～94.2%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%～3.4%,该方法的检出限为0.01 mg/kg.该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求.     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中新型烟碱类杀虫剂及其代谢物的残留量

称取蜂蜜样品2.00g至具塞离心管中,加入100μL同位素内标溶液(200μg·L~(-1))和10mL水,涡旋混匀,加入甲醇至20mL,涡旋混匀,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,移取上清液0.50mL,用甲醇定容至10.0mL,涡旋混匀后,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,取1.0mL上清液转移至具塞离心管中(内含混合均匀的吸附剂:30mg N-丙基乙二胺、15mg C_(18)粉末和50mg无水MgSO_4),涡旋混匀进行吸附净化,以8 500转·min~(-1)离心5min,转移全部上清液,于40℃下用氮气吹至近干,用甲醇-0.15%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液(1+9)混合液溶解残渣并定容至1.0mL,过0.22μm滤膜后供液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以不同比例的含5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵的0.15%甲酸溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱中采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描方式和多反应监测模式,采用同位素内标法和外标法进行定量。吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫嗪、氟啶虫酰胺、吡虫啉、噻虫胺、氯噻啉、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、4-(三氟甲基)烟酰胺和N-去甲基啶虫脒的质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)在2.5～12.5μg·kg~(-1)之间。对空白蜂蜜样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在79.9%～108%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.7%～15%之间。     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中5种烟碱类农药的残留量

采用多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中啶虫脒、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪等5种烟碱类农药的残留量。粉碎后的茶叶样品用水浸泡30min后,用乙腈提取,以多壁碳纳米管作为吸附剂去除杂质。以Agilent C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸溶液和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式检测。5种烟碱类农药的质量浓度均在1.0~20μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)均为0.01 mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为80.5%~98.7%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.0%~13%。     

烟草中啶虫脒残留量的测定

建立了烟草中啶虫脒残留量的气相色谱检测方法.样品采用乙腈提取,经弗罗里硅土层析柱净化,用环己烷-异丙醇(体积比为9∶1)溶液淋洗,用电子捕获检测器进行测定.结果表明,该方法的回收率为82.8%～100.3%,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=5),检出限为0.18 μg/g.该法适合于烟草中啶虫脒残留量的检测.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水果中单甲脒的残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法(SPE-HPLC)测定水果中农药单甲脒残留量的检测方法.用HCl溶液将样品中单甲脒转化为盐酸盐并溶于水中,在碱性条件下用乙腈提取,经碱性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化.采用C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)分离,以甲醇-0.01 mol/L乙酸铵溶液(50∶ 50, V/V)为流动相,在254 nm下检测.本方法可以将单甲脒与基质良好分离,在0.01～10 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好(R2=0.9999);检出浓度为0.0013 mg/kg,回收率为80.7%～95.3%,相对标准偏差小于7%,可用于水果中单甲脒残留量的检测.     

环境样品中农药啶虫脒的荧光动力学分析

酸性条件下,痕量农药啶虫脒的存在对Fenton试剂(Fe(Ⅱ)+H2O2)氧化罗丹明6G促其荧光猝灭具有明显的抑制作用,EDTA的加入,使啶虫脒在一定浓度范围内与荧光阻尼强度大小呈现良好线性关系,同时增加了体系的稳定性和灵敏度.据此建立了一种测定农药啶虫脒的荧光动力学新方法.系统考察了各种因素对体系灵敏度的影响.在最佳条件下,啶虫脒浓度在0.24～1.6μg/mL范围内与△F呈现良好线性关系,方法的检出限为0.062 μg/mL,方法可用于环境水样、土壤和河底泥样品的测定.     

电化学方法对农药啶虫脒的间接测定

啶虫脒本身不具有电化学性质,而其在NaOH溶液中的水解产物为电活性物质。采用循环伏安法(CV)、示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了啶虫脒水解产物在碳糊电极上的电化学行为,并初步探讨了其反应机理。在pH9.0的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中,啶虫脒水解产物在约0.9 V(vs.SCE)产生一灵敏的氧化峰,表明电极反应是受扩散控制的不可逆氧化过程。基于啶虫脒水解产物的氧化行为,以0.9 V为工作电位,采用计时安培法进行测定,其响应电流与啶虫脒的浓度在2.0×10-7~2.8×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限为1.0×10-7mol/L。该方法成本低、操作方便、重复性好,对人体与环境无毒害,将其用于啶虫脒实际样品的测定,结果满意。     

固相萃取–气相色谱–串联质谱法测定甘蓝类蔬菜中氟啶虫酰胺和嘧菌环胺

建立固相萃取–气相色谱–串联质谱(GC–MS–MS)测定甘蓝类蔬菜中氟啶虫酰胺和嘧菌环胺残留量的分析方法。甘蓝类蔬菜样品经乙腈提取后,用ENVI–Carb活性炭固相萃取柱净化,乙腈–甲苯(3∶1)溶液进行洗脱,采用GC–MS–MS法测定,以保留时间和选择性反应监测(MRM)离子对定性,色谱峰面积定量。氟啶虫酰胺和嘧菌环胺的质量浓度在0.05～2.0μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.998,检出限分别为0.005,0.008mg/kg。样品加标回收率为87.4%～97.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3%～3.2%(n=6)。该方法灵敏度和准确度高,适用于甘蓝类蔬菜中氟啶虫酰胺和嘧菌环胺残留的测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。