First-principles study of atomic and electronic structures of kaolinite in soft rock

Kaolinite is a kind of clay mineral which often causes large deformations in soft-rock tunnel engineering and thus causes safety issues.To deal with these engineering safety issues,the physical/chemical properties of the kaolinite should be studied from basic viewpoints.By using the density-functional theory,in this paper,the atomic and the electronic structures of the kaolinite are studied within the local-density approximation(LDA).It is found that the kaolinite has a large indirect band gap with the conduction band minimum(CBM) and the valence band maximum(VBM) being at the Γ and the B points,respectively.The chemical bonding between the cation and the oxygen anion in kaolinite is mainly ionic,accompanied by a minor covalent component.It is pointed that the VBM and the CBM of kaolinite consist of oxygen 2p and cation s states,respectively.The bond lengths between different cations and anions,as well as of the different OH groups,are also compared.     

First-principles study of atomic and electronic structures of kaolinite in soft rock

Kaolinite is a kind of clay mineral which often causes large deformations in soft-rock tunnel engineering and thus causes safety issues. To deal with these engineering safety issues, the physical/chemical properties of the kaolinite should be studied from basic viewpoints. By using the density-functional theory, in this paper, the atomic and the electronic structures of the kaolinite are studied within the local-density approximation (LDA). It is found that the kaolinite has a large indirect band gap with the conduction band minimum (CBM) and the valence band maximum (VBM) being at the Γ and the B points, respectively. The chemical bonding between the cation and the oxygen anion in kaolinite is mainly ionic, accompanied by a minor covalent component. It is pointed that the VBM and the CBM of kaolinite consist of oxygen 2p and cation s states, respectively. The bond lengths between different cations and anions, as well as of the different OH groups, are also compared.     

五种SiO_2晶体原子和电子结构的第一性原理研究

α-石英、β-石英、α-方石英、β-方石英和超石英是自然界中SiO_2常见的五种晶型.本文利用第一性原理平面波赝势方法,系统计算了五种SiO_2晶体的体弹性模量、电荷密度、电子态密度,能带结构,并和可获得的实验进行了比较.α-英、β-石英和具有空间群F d3m结构的β-方石英显示间接的带隙,而α-方石英,超石英和具有空间群P2_13和I42d结构的β-方石英显示直接的带隙.五种晶型SiO_2的带隙宽度均大于5.5 eV,都是绝缘体.     

Mg-Y-Zn合金三元金属间化合物的电子结构及其相稳定性的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函的第一性原理平面波赝势方法计算Mg-Y-Zn合金三元金属间化合物X-Mg₁₂YZn 相和W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的晶格常数、形成焓和电子结构. 形成焓的计算结果表明, X-Mg₁₂YZn相和W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相都具有负的形成焓, 并且W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的形成焓更低; 电子结构的计算分析表明, W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相成键峰主要来自Mg的2p轨道、Zn的3p轨道和Y的4d轨道的贡献. 而X-Mg₁₂YZn相成键峰主要来自Mg的3s和2p轨道、Zn的3p轨道和Y的4d轨道的贡献. 对W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相(011)面和X-Mg₁₂YZn相(0001)面的电荷密度分析表明, 两相中Zn-Y原子间都形成了共价键, 且W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相的共价性比X-Mg₁₂YZn相的共价性更强. 在费米能级低能级处, W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相具有更多的成键电子数, 决定了W-Mg₃Y₂Zn₃相比X-Mg₁₂YZn相有更好的相稳定性.     

Effect of strain on geometric and electronic structures of graphene on Ru(0001) surface

The atomic and electronic structures of a graphene monolayer on a Ru(0001) surface under compressive strain are investigated by using first-principles calculations. Three models of graphene monolayers with different carbon periodicities due to the lattice mismatch are proposed in the presence and the absence of the Ru(0001) substrate separately. Considering the strain induced by the lattice mismatch, we optimize the atomic structures and investigate the electronic properties of the graphene. Our calculation results show that the graphene layers turn into periodic corrugations and there exist strong chemical bonds in the interface between the graphene N×N superlattice and the substrate. The strain does not induce significant changes in electronic structure. Furthermore, the results calculated in the local density approximation (LDA) are compared with those obtained in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), showing that the LDA results are more reasonable than the GGA results when only two substrate layers are used in calculation.     

First-principles study of strain effect on the formation and electronic structures of oxygen vacancy in SrFeO_2

Motivated by recent experimental observations of metallic conduction in the quasi-two-dimensional SrFeO_2, we study the epitaxial strain effect on the formation and electronic structures of oxygen vacancy(Vo) by first-principles calculations.The bulk SrFeO_2 is found to have the G-type antiferromagnetic ordering(G-AFM) at zero strain, which agrees with the experiment. Under compressive strain the bulk SrFeO_2 keeps the G-AFM and has the trend of Mott insulator-metal transition.Different from most of the previous similar work about the strain effect on Vo, both the tensile strain and the compressive strain enhance the Vo formation. It is found that the competitions between the band energies and the electrostatic interactions are the dominant mechanisms in determining the Vo formation. We confirm that the Vo in SrFeO_2 would induce the n-type conductivity where the donor levels are occupied by the delocalized d_(x~2-y~2) electrons. It is suggested that the vanishing of n-type conductivity observed by the Hall measurement on the strained films are caused by the shift of donor levels into the conduction band. These results would provide insightful information for the realization of metallic conduction in SrFeO_2.     

CoSi电子结构第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论全势线性扩展平面波法，首先对CoSi的晶胞参数进行优化计算，CoSi多粒子系统的最低能量为-134684297Ry，此时其晶胞处于最稳态，与最稳态对应的晶胞体积V0等于5899360a.u.3,晶胞参数为a=b=c=04438nm；然后计算了优化后的CoSi的电子结构及Si侧Al掺杂的CoSi075Al025的电子结构并分析了两者的电子结构特征，计算的CoSi电子能态密度与已有的计算结果整体形貌相同，但存在局部差异，Al掺杂后费米面发生了偏移；最后探讨了两者的电子结构对热电性能的影响，Al掺杂可提高CoSi的材料参数B，因此有望提高其热电性能. 关键词： 第一性原理 电子结构 热电性能     

Cu,Fe掺杂LiNbO_3晶体电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对Cu,Fe单掺及共掺LiNbO_3晶体的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算.结果显示:Cu,Fe单掺杂LiNbO_3晶体禁带内均产生了杂质能级,主要由Cu3d,Fe3d轨道及O 2p轨道贡献;共掺LiNbO_3晶体禁带内出现了双能级结构,深能级由Cu3d和O2p轨道贡献,浅能级由Fe3d和O2p轨道贡献.Cu,Fe单掺和共掺LiNbO_3晶体带隙依次缩小,在可见光区的光吸收明显增强.共掺LiNbO_3在445和630nm左右分别表现出一个宽吸收峰,比单掺LiNbO_3晶体表现出更好的光吸收性质.研究表明,Fe占Nb位比Fe占Li位的双掺样品在双光存储应用中更有优势;同时,浓度比[Fe2+]/[Fe3+]值的适当降低有助于这种优势的形成.     

Fe:Mg:LiNbO3晶体电子结构和吸收光谱的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理, 研究了LiNbO₃晶体以及不同Mg浓度的Fe:Mg:LiNbO₃晶体的电子结构和吸收光谱. 研究结果显示: 掺铁铌酸锂晶体的杂质能级由Fe 的3d轨道和O的2p轨道贡献, 禁带宽度为2.845 eV; 对于Mg, Fe共掺样品, Mg的浓度小于或等于阈值时, 禁带宽度分别为2.901 和2.805 eV; 掺铁铌酸锂晶体的吸收谱在2.3和2.6 eV处分别存在一个吸收峰, 其强度因Mg的浓度不同而发生变化. 研究结果还表明, 不同浓度的Mg对晶体内Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺的浓度以及占位产生了不同的影响. 还提出了光电子的形成不应单独考虑铁的轨道电子态, 而应同时考虑与铁成键的氧的轨道电子态的观点.     

Electronic structures and magnetic couplings of B-, C-, and N-doped BeO

The electronic structures and magnetic properties of B-, C-, and N-doped BeO supercells are investigated by means of ab initio calculations using density functional theory. The magnetic exchange constants of C-doped BeO at different doping levels are also calculated. A phenomenological band structure model based on p-d exchange-like p-p level repulsion between the dopants is proposed to explain the magnetic ground states in B-, C-, and N-doped BeO systems. The evolution from the antiferromagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase of C-doped BeO supercell with C concentration decreasing can also be well explained using this model. The findings in this study provide a simple guide for the design of band structure for a magnetic sp-electron semiconductor.     

几种三元过渡金属碳化物弹性及电子结构的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论平面波方法研究了六方WC型Re_xW_1－xC(x=1, 0.25, 0.75, 0),Re_0.5Os_0.5C和Os_0.5W_0.5C的晶体结构、弹性和电子结构性质.研究发现Re_0.25W_0.75C晶体具有优异的弹性性能及稳定性,其剪切模量(312 GPa)超过了所有其他实验合成和     

Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相的稳定性和电子结构

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,应用VASP (Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package) 计算软件,研究了Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相,即Ca(Mg1-x,Alx)2和Al2(Ca1-x,Mgx) (x=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1)在不同形态结构(C14, C15和C36)下的相稳定性及电子结构。计算所得的晶格常数和实验值吻合很好,形成能和相关能的计算用来研究三元Laves相的合金化能力和稳定性,结果表明：C14-Ca(Mg0.25,Al0.75)2具有很好的合金化能力,而C15- CaAl2具有很好的结构稳定性。态密度和电荷密度的计算用来研究Mg-Al-Ca合金中三元Laves相稳定性的内在微观机制。     

外来原子替代碳的氟化石墨烯的磁性和电子性质

采用基于自旋极化密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了在氟化石墨烯中少量C原子被M原子(M=B,N,Si,P)替代后原子片的磁性和电子性质.结果表明:不同原子掺杂后的氟化石墨烯的电子结构会发生很大的变化,并有很大的不同.掺杂B和P原子后,纳米原子片由半导体转变为金属,并且由非磁性转变为磁性;掺杂N原子后,材料则仍为半导体,但具有磁性;进一步讨论了掺杂原子浓度与磁性的关系.对于Si原子掺杂的氟化石墨烯原子片,其半导体性质不变,但禁带宽度也会发生改变.     

Optimized geometry and electronic structure of graphyne-like silicyne nanoribbons

Silicyne, a silicon allotrope, which is closely related to silicene and has graphyne-like structure, is theoretically investigated in this work. Its optimized geometry and electronic band structure are calculated by means of the first-principles frozen-core projector-augmented wave method implemented in the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP). We find that the lattice parameter is 9.5, the silicon chain between hexagons is composed of disilynic linkages (-Si≡Si-) rather than cumulative linkages (=Si=Si=), and the binding energy is 3.41 eV per atom. The band structure is calculated by adopting the generalized gradient approximation and hybrid functionals. The band gap produced by the HSE06 functional is 0.73 eV, which is nearly triple that by the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional.     

铝氮共掺杂氧化锌纳米管电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算, 对(6,0)单壁氧化锌纳米管、铝掺杂、氮掺杂和铝氮共掺杂纳米管的能带结构、态密度和差分电荷密度进行了研究. 结果表明, 氮掺杂可以在纳米管禁带中引入受主能级, 实现纳米管的p型掺杂, 但是受主能级局域性较强, 导致氮溶解度低. 引入铝元素可以有效降低氮形成受主能级局域性, 激活氮元素, 铝氮共掺杂有望成为氧化锌纳米管一种更为有效的p型掺杂方法. 关键词： 氧化锌纳米管 电子结构 共掺杂 第一性原理计算     

PrB6电子结构及光学性能的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,系统研究了稀土PrB6的电子结构、自旋极化态密度和光学性质,并在此基础上预测了PrB6薄膜的太阳辐射屏蔽性能。研究发现：PrB6属于金属导体材料,其费米面附近的能带主要由B的2p和Pr的4f层的电子态构成;PrB6对近红外辐射具有较高的反射率和较强的吸收;PrB6薄膜的理论透过率曲线在可见光区呈“吊铃”型分布,其不仅具有较好的可见光透过率而且对紫外和近红外辐射具有较强的屏蔽性能。此研究结果将为PrB6光电材料的设计和应用提供理论依据。     

First-principles investigation of the electronic structure and magnetism of eskolaite

The electronic structure and magnetism of eskolaite are studied by using first-principles calculations where the on-site Coulomb interaction and the exchange interaction are taken into account and the LSDA+U method is used. The calculated energies of magnetic configurations are very well fitted by the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with interactions in five neighbour shells; interaction with two nearest neighbours is found to be dominant. The Néel temperature is calculated in the spin-3/2 pair-cluster approximation. It is found that the measurements are in good agreement with the calculations of lattice parameters, density of states, band gap, local magnetic moment, and the Néel temperature for the values of U and J that are close to those obtained within the constrained occupation method. The band gap is of the Mott--Hubbard type.     

PrB6电子结构及光学性能的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)赝势平面波方法,系统研究了稀土PrB6的电子结构、自旋极化态密度和光学性质,并在此基础上预测了PrB6薄膜的太阳辐射屏蔽性能。研究发现：PrB6属于金属导体材料,其费米面附近的能带主要由B的2p和Pr的4f层的电子态构成;PrB6对近红外辐射具有较高的反射率和较强的吸收;PrB6薄膜的理论透过率曲线在可见光区呈“吊铃”型分布,其不仅具有较好的可见光透过率而且对紫外和近红外辐射具有较强的屏蔽性能。此研究结果将为PrB6光电材料的设计和应用提供理论依据。     

黑索金电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对黑索金晶体的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算. 结果表明: 黑索金是能隙值为3.43 eV的绝缘体, 价带主要由C, N和O的2s与2p态构成, 而导带主要由N-2p和O-2p态构成; 静态介电函数ε₁(0)=1.38, 介电常数的虚部有5个峰值, 其中最大峰值在光子能量4.59 eV处, 并对造成这些峰值的可能的电子跃迁做了详细分析. 利用能带结构和态密度分析了黑索金的光反射系数、吸收系数及能量损失函数等光学性质, 发现黑索金是对光吸收、反射及能量损失不敏感的材料. 关键词： 黑索金 第一性原理 电子结构 光学性质     

P掺杂硅纳米管电子结构与光学性质的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,研究了P掺杂对单壁扶手型硅纳米管电子结构和光学性质的影响.结果表明:经过P掺杂,单壁扶手型硅纳米管的能带结构从间接带隙变为直接带隙,其价带顶主要由Si-3p态电子构成,导带底主要由Si-3p态电子和Si-3s态电子共同决定;同时通过P掺杂,使单壁扶手型硅纳米管的禁带宽度变窄,导电性增强,吸收光谱产生红移.研究结果为硅纳米管在光电器件方面的应用提供了理论基础.