二维点缺陷正方光子晶体的微腔结构

通过平面波展开法对由Al₂O₃介质棒在空气背景介质中构成含有点缺陷的二维正方光子晶体微腔结构进行研究,计算得出缺陷态能带以及缺陷态模场分布。缺陷模对应的电磁波波长为470~476nm。对该微腔结构的品质因数的求解,得出缺陷态光谱曲线。在光谱曲线中,随着传输波长的增大,将产生几个峰值,并且在475nm处的波动最为明显,反映出在475nm附近的电磁波段在缺陷处的光强较大。进一步利用全矢量等效折射率法研究该结构缺陷模频率的稳定性,得出等效折射率的变化曲线。从等效折射率变化曲线可以看出,当传输波长达到475nm时,该结构已经达到稳定传输的区域。含缺陷模的二维光子晶体微腔结构在光子晶体发光二极管以及高阈值半导体激光器等方面有着重要的应用价值。     

Chirped photonic crystal with different symmetries for asymmetric light propagation

In the present paper, we have carried out analysis of asymmetric light propagation in a chirped photonic crystal waveguide. The designed structures have hexagonal arrangement and square arrangement of silicon rods in air substrate. Dimensions of the defect rods are tailored, so that the proposed design structure works as an optical isolator. The transmission analysis of the structure reveals that it can act as an optical diode. We have plotted the extinction ratio and transmission analysis graphs for the structure, and it has been observed that the maximum output is obtained for telecom wavelength of 1.55 μm. Dispersion curves are obtained using the plane wave expansion method, and the transmission is simulated using finite element method. The proposed structures are applicable for photonic integrated circuits due to their simple and clear operating principle.     

磁光光子晶体结构的法拉第效应增强

在超薄薄膜的基础上,基于时域有限差分法原理,利用FDTD Solutions仿真软件分别研究了基于两种多层膜结构和一种金属光栅结构的磁光光子晶体法拉第旋光效应。研究表明,多层膜结构的法拉第旋光效应增强原理为入射光在薄膜中心层的透射谱谐振,而金属光栅周期结构的法拉第效应增强是通过金属光栅激发表面等离子体实现的;在三种结构中,金属光栅周期结构具有更广的法拉第偏转角增强域。进一步通过参数优化,实现对金属光栅周期结构工作波长的可调节性研究,为薄膜型磁光器件设计提供了理论依据。     

一维光子晶体带隙结构研究

在考虑介质色散的基础上,研究了介质层厚度对光子晶体带隙结构的影响.利用传输矩阵法,计算了以LiF和Si两种材料组成的一维光子晶体带隙结构.结果表明,介质层厚度的增加会引起禁带的红移,厚度减小会引起蓝移.分析了含空气缺陷层、金属缺陷层的光子晶体结构,发现空气缺陷层对带隙结构的高反射区域变化不大,而在低反射区域,反射系数为零的波带之间出现了两边反射系数增加,中间反射系数减小的情况.在金属缺陷层的带隙结构中,金属对整个波长范围光的吸收作用不同,金属对低反射区1.6 μm、1.85 μm处透射率较大的透射光吸收作用明显,而在1.28~1.38 μm处透射率波长区间,几乎无吸收.     

Super Narrow Bandpass Filter Using Fractal Cantor Structures

In this paper, we present a new photonic crystal structure, which is composed of fractal Cantor multilayer with a defect embedded in its middle. Optical transmission matrix method is used to calculating the transmittance and reflectance. Compared with general Cantor multilayer, we find the new structure has wider stopband and shows a super narrow band in the middle of wider stopband. It can be served as a super narrow bandpass filter. The pass band obtained can be less than 0.6nm near the infrared 1530 nm. The optical transmission is the center wavelength is higher than 99 %. This means a very low insert loss. It is more superior to other kind narrow band filters. This kind of photonic crystal super narrow band optical filter may find applications in super dense wavelength division multiplexing for optical communications and precise optical measurement.     

Design and fabrication of optical filters with very large stopband (≈500 nm) and small passband (1 nm) in silicon-on-insulator

In this paper, we report on the design, fabrication and characterization of a broadband photonic crystal filter. Modeling with a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to investigate the effect of changing the number of periods and thickness ratios of a photonic crystal filter structure with two alternating materials. Theoretical optimized parameters were obtained as a function of wavelength for a photonic crystal filter with a very broad filter bandwidth as well as a very narrow transmission window. We used the determined optimum parameters at a wavelength of 1550 nm to fabricate the structure using e-beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching. Experimental results show that the structure indeed has a very narrow transmission window and a low loss of just 4 dB. Hence, this structure can be regarded as a high precision filter for optical communication and photonic integrated chip technologies.     

金属/介质透明电极优化设计

结合光子晶体和光学多层膜理论对金属/介质一维光子晶体(MD-PBG)透明电极进行优化设计,得到了在可见区有很高的透过率,而在红外波段有非常高的反射率的设计结果,并用真空热蒸镀的方法制造了与理论设计相符合的具有良好光学和电学性能的透明电极。     

对称双缺陷光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

基于光子晶体的光子局域特性,并利用光子晶体的介观压光效应,提出了一种新型的双通道可调滤波器结构.采用传输矩阵法对该滤波器的光学传输特性进行了理论推导,建立了透射谱与光子晶体结构参数的关系,讨论了介观压光效应对双缺陷光子晶体透射谱的影响,并对所设计的光子晶体结构进行了数值模拟.结果表明:随着入射角度的增大,缺陷峰发生蓝移.随着各介质层折射率或几何厚度的增加,缺陷峰发生红移.当光子晶体发生轴向拉伸应变时,缺陷峰的位置向长波长移动,但缺陷峰的峰值大体不变,从而验证了此滤波器的可调节性.该光子晶体滤波器结构紧凑,可调谐性好,为光子晶体激光器及传感器的设计提供了一定的理论参考.     

实现全反射镜功能的光子晶体禁带特性

用传输矩阵法研究一维光子晶体G(AB)mC(AB)mH的能带特性及电场分布,结果发现:随着m的增大,在830—883nm波长范围内,光子晶体G(AB)mC(AB)mH禁带中的导带透射率逐渐趋于零,即光被禁止通过,实现全反射镜功能,且随着入射角的增大,光子晶体的禁带逐渐向短波方向移动。随着介质层G、H的折射率增大,光子晶体在833.6—879.1nm波长范围内出现大的禁带,亦实现全反射镜功能。光子晶体G(AB)5C(AB)5H内部存在很强的局域电场,即在光子晶体内传输的光,被强烈局域在禁带范围内,并在缺陷层C处达到极大值,而且随着m的增大,局域强度增强。这些光学传输特性,为研究、设计新型光学器件全反射镜、滤波器等提供指导。     

Resonant optical transmission through a one-dimensional photonic crystal adjacent to a thin metal film

We theoretically and experimentally reveal that the large resonant optical transmission (ROT) can be realized through a one-dimensional photonic crystal adjacent to a thin metal film, at a frequency in the original band-gap of the photonic crystal (PC). The influence of periodic number of PC and the thickness of the adjacent metal on the transmission frequency and intensity is studied in detail. An optimum design is given to reach the maximum transmission efficiency, meanwhile a mechanism underlining the ROT phenomenon is proposed. An effective admittance-matching theory is proposed to understand this effect and quantitatively determine the operating frequency, which matches very well with the simulated and measured results. The effects might be very useful to realize some optical filters and sensor devices since the structure is easy for mass production and is matured technically to be prepared in industry.     

Optimal Design of Thin Film Filters for IR Integrated Photonic Amplifiers

This paper addresses in the design of thin film filter for IR broadband integrated photonic amplifiers. A cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter structure is presented. This proposed filter consists of some different filtering unit cells with different central wavelength and bandwidth, and each cell can suppress certain peak gain at a specific wavelength. The intrinsical gain spectrum of amplifier is obtained by solving a set of rate and power propagation equations with finite difference time-domain(FDTD)-based overlapping integral-Runge Kutter(RK) method. The effect of transmittance spectrum of the proposed cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter on flattening gain is discussed. The transmission function of the cascaded multilayer medium thin film filter is obtained. Finally, a real device is fabricated, it is shown that the design is valid.     

Magnetic-field control of the transmission of a photonic crystal with a liquid-crystal defect

The method of modulation of transmittance of a multilayer photonic crystal with a nematic liquid-crystal defect upon the orientational transition from the homeotropic to the planar state is investigated. The orientation of the director of the nematic is controlled by a magnetic field in the B-effect mode. The method of recurrent relations is used for numerical simulation of transmission spectra of the photonic crystal structure under investigation.     

Single channel tunable wavelength demultiplexer using nonlinear one dimensional defect mode photonic crystal

Transmission characteristics of nonlinear one dimensional photonic crystal with a defect have been studied. GaAs/Si multilayer structure with a single defect has been simulated using transfer matrix method. In this study refractive indices of both layers have been taken to be dependent on intensity and wavelength simultaneously. It is found that central wavelength of defect mode change with intensity of wave. Average change in central wavelength of defect mode is 0.02 nm/(1 GW/cm²). This property can be exploited in the design of a single channel tunable wavelength division demultiplexer for optical communication.     

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure

We propose an ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter that operates over a wide wavelength range and is based on a hybrid photonic crystal and a conventional waveguide structure. Within a small area (15 microm x 10 microm), this polarizing beam splitter separates TM- and TE-polarized modes into orthogonal output waveguides. Results of simulations with the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method show that 99.3% of TM-polarized light is deflected by the photonic crystal structure (with a 28.0-dB extinction ratio), whereas 99.0% of TE-polarized light propagates through the structure (with a 32.2-dB extinction ratio). Wave vector diagrams are employed to explain the operation of a polarizing beam splitter. Tolerance analysis reveals a large tolerance to fabrication errors.     

光子晶体多通道可调谐偏振滤波器的理论研究

通过对设计的一维掺杂光子晶体的数值计算和理论分析,得出了两个偏振态缺陷模透射峰的变化特征为:P-偏振波其缺陷模透射峰在入射角大于0.75(rad)范围内有多条明显的缺陷模透射峰带,而S-偏振波在入射角大于0.75 (rad) 范围内没有缺陷模透射峰;P-偏振波缺陷模在同一杂质光学厚度可以截到多个波长不同的透射峰.以此为基础设计出滤波通道波长可调范围大于60 nm 、滤波通道的半高宽可调范围在1~5 nm、滤波通道透射峰值大于0.98的一维光子晶体三通道可调谐偏振滤波器.     

多系双局域态光子晶体的可调谐滤波特性分析

利用紧束缚方法分析了双局域态光子晶体产生双缺陷模的机理, 采用传输矩阵法研究了一维光子晶体的光学传输特性, 并得到了透射谱与晶体结构参数的关系, 在此基础上讨论了光子晶体在受到单轴应力时所表现出的介观压光效应, 据此设计了一种结构简单的应力调制的近红外波段的多通道滤波结构.通过数值模拟可以看出, 随着各介质层折射率或厚度的增加, 缺陷模发生红移.当对多系双局域态光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力时, 各缺陷峰都向长波长移动, 且缺陷峰峰值基本不变.经过数值拟合, 缺陷峰中心波长与对光子晶体施加单轴拉伸应力所产生的应变呈线性关系.该滤波器结构简单、可调谐性好, 在一系列精巧的光子晶体激光器、波分复用器或者其他精密仪器的制造中有一定的应用价值.     

Compact interrogator for fiber optic Bragg sensors based on an acousto-optic filter formed by photonic crystal rows of air holes

Fiber optic sensors are typically used with expensive tunable lasers or optical spectrum analyzers for wavelength interrogation. We propose to replace the tunable laser by a broadband optical source incorporated with a novel thin linewidth acousto-optic tunable filter. It utilizes optical beam expanders constituted by photonic crystal rows of air holes in LiNbO(3) waveguide. A new design is numerically studied for a short structure (with 32 photonic crystal rows) by a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. Extrapolation of these results to larger structure sizes (about 1 cm) demonstrates the possibility to develop compact interrogators with 0.4 pm wavelength resolution and 40 nm tunable range around 1550 nm.     

Fano resonance sensing based on coupled sub-wavelength dielectric grating and periodic photonic crystal

Based on the diffraction effect of sub-wavelength dielectric grating and the optical property of periodic photonic crystal, a hybrid structure of sub-wavelength grating all-dielectric multilayer thin film containing periodic photonic crystal is proposed. The transmission property of the structure is simulated by finite element method (FEM). The result shows that the discrete state generated by the sub-wavelength waveguide grating will be coupled with the continuous state generated by the photonic crystal cavity and the Fano resonance can be formed. The Fano resonance sensing model based on structural parameters and resonance wavelength are established, the influence of structural parameters on the Fano resonance spectral curve is quantitatively analyzed by numerical simulations, and the dynamic detection of the refractive index of samples is realized. The above structure can realize the optical refractive index sensing with high figure of merit (FOM) value and provide an effective theoretical reference for the formation of Fano resonance in the all-dielectric hybrid structure.     

Novel dispersion properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing a defect made of twin prisms

We design a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing a defect made of twin prisms and study its transmission properties using the transfer matrix method. The incident waves with different wavelengths can be transmitted out at different positions of the last interface of the structure, i.e., one wavelength corresponds to a single export point. Such a structure can be used as a novel dispersion separator. The resolution of this dispersion separator depends on the structure and indices of the twin prisms.     

紫外区全角度光子晶体反射镜

根据角域叠加原理,在石英玻璃基板上用全介质膜系实现了紫外区域全角度一维光子晶体反射镜的设计。采用两个不存在全角度反射带的一维光子晶体在角域上叠加,通过传输矩阵方法,从理论上计算合成光子存在全角度禁带,禁带波长范围328．95～352．11nm,相对带宽为6．80％。实验上采用HfO2和SiO2两种薄膜材料,用电子束蒸发的方法在石英玻璃基板上制备合成光子晶体。若透射率在1％以下为光子晶体禁带,则禁带波长范围从331．2～350．4nm,相对带宽5．63％。从而证明了角域叠加设计的正确性。