Resolutions of ideals of quasiuniform fat point subschemes of

The notion of a quasiuniform fat point subscheme is introduced and conjectures for the Hilbert function and minimal free resolution of the ideal defining are put forward. In a large range of cases, it is shown that the Hilbert function conjecture implies the resolution conjecture. In addition, the main result gives the first determination of the resolution of the th symbolic power of an ideal defining general points of when both and are large (in particular, for infinitely many for each of infinitely many , and for infinitely many for every 2$">). Resolutions in other cases, such as ``fat points with tails', are also given. Except where an explicit exception is made, all results hold for an arbitrary algebraically closed field . As an incidental result, a bound for the regularity of is given which is often a significant improvement on previously known bounds.

     

Effectively dense Boolean algebras and their applications

A computably enumerable Boolean algebra is effectively dense if for each we can effectively determine an such that implies . We give an interpretation of true arithmetic in the theory of the lattice of computably enumerable ideals of such a Boolean algebra. As an application, we also obtain an interpretation of true arithmetic in all theories of intervals of (the lattice of computably enumerable sets under inclusion) which are not Boolean algebras. We derive a similar result for theories of certain initial intervals of subrecursive degree structures, where is the degree of a set of relatively small complexity, for instance a set in exponential time.

     

Homology manifold bordism

The Bryant-Ferry-Mio-Weinberger surgery exact sequence for compact homology manifolds of dimension is used to obtain transversality, splitting and bordism results for homology manifolds, generalizing previous work of Johnston.

First, we establish homology manifold transversality for submanifolds of dimension : if is a map from an -dimensional homology manifold to a space , and is a subspace with a topological -block bundle neighborhood, and , then is homology manifold -cobordant to a map which is transverse to , with an -dimensional homology submanifold.

Second, we obtain a codimension splitting obstruction in the Wall -group for a simple homotopy equivalence from an -dimensional homology manifold to an -dimensional Poincaré space with a codimension Poincaré subspace with a topological normal bundle, such that if (and for only if) splits at up to homology manifold -cobordism.

Third, we obtain the multiplicative structure of the homology manifold bordism groups .

     

On the density of the set of generators of a polynomial algebra

Let be the polynomial algebra over a field of characteristic . We call a polynomial coordinate (or a generator) if for some polynomials . In this note, we give a simple proof of the following interesting fact: for any polynomial of the form where is a polynomial without constant and linear terms, and for any integer , there is a coordinate polynomial such that the polynomial has no monomials of degree . A similar result is valid for coordinate -tuples of polynomials, for any . This contrasts sharply with the situation in other algebraic systems.

On the other hand, we establish (in the two-variable case) a result related to a different kind of density. Namely, we show that given a non-coordinate two-variable polynomial, any sufficiently small perturbation of its non-zero coefficients gives another non-coordinate polynomial.

     

The Mardesic factorization theorem for extension theory and c-separation

We shall prove a type of Mardesic factorization theorem for extension theory over an arbitrary stratum of CW-complexes in the class of arbitrary compact Hausdorff spaces. Our result provides that the space through which the factorization occurs will have the same strong countability property (e.g., strong countable dimension) as the original one had. Taking into consideration the class of compact Hausdorff spaces, this result extends all previous ones of its type. Our factorization theorem will simultaneously include factorization for weak infinite-dimensionality and for Property C, that is, for C-spaces.

A corollary to our result will be that for any weight and any finitely homotopy dominated CW-complex , there exists a Hausdorff compactum with weight and which is universal for the property and weight . The condition means that for every closed subset of and every map , there exists a map which is an extension of . The universality means that for every compact Hausdorff space whose weight is and for which is true, there is an embedding of into .

We shall show, on the other hand, that there exists a CW-complex which is not finitely homotopy dominated but which has the property that for each weight , there exists a Hausdorff compactum which is universal for the property and weight .

     

Entropy, independent sets and antichains: A new approach to Dedekind's problem

For -regular, -vertex bipartite graphs with bipartition , a precise bound is given for the sum over independent sets of the quantity . (In other language, this is bounding the partition function for certain instances of the hard-core model.) This result is then extended to graded partially ordered sets, which in particular provides a simple proof of a well-known bound for Dedekind's Problem given by Kleitman and Markowsky in 1975.

     

The geometry of profinite graphs with applications to free groups and finite monoids

We initiate the study of the class of profinite graphs defined by the following geometric property: for any two vertices and of , there is a (unique) smallest connected profinite subgraph of containing them; such graphs are called tree-like. Profinite trees in the sense of Gildenhuys and Ribes are tree-like, but the converse is not true. A profinite group is then said to be dendral if it has a tree-like Cayley graph with respect to some generating set; a Bass-Serre type characterization of dendral groups is provided. Also, such groups (including free profinite groups) are shown to enjoy a certain small cancellation condition.

We define a pseudovariety of groups to be arboreous if all finitely generated free pro- groups are dendral (with respect to a free generating set). Our motivation for studying such pseudovarieties of groups is to answer several open questions in the theory of profinite topologies and the theory of finite monoids. We prove, for arboreous pseudovarieties , a pro- analog of the Ribes and Zalesski product theorem for the profinite topology on a free group. Also, arboreous pseudovarieties are characterized as precisely the solutions to the much studied pseudovariety equation .

     

Uncorrelatedness and orthogonality for vector-valued processes

For a square integrable vector-valued process on the Loeb product space, it is shown that vector orthogonality is almost equivalent to componentwise scalar orthogonality. Various characterizations of almost sure uncorrelatedness for are presented. The process is also related to multilinear forms on the target Hilbert space. Finally, a general structure result for involving the biorthogonal representation for the conditional expectation of with respect to the usual product -algebra is presented.

     

Imbeddings of free actions on handlebodies

Fix a free, orientation-preserving action of a finite group on a -dimensional handlebody . Whenever acts freely preserving orientation on a connected -manifold , there is a -equivariant imbedding of into . There are choices of closed and Seifert-fibered for which the image of is a handlebody of a Heegaard splitting of . Provided that the genus of is at least , there are similar choices with closed and hyperbolic.

     

Transversals for strongly almost disjoint families

For a family of sets , and a set , is said to be a transversal of if and for each . is said to be a Bernstein set for if for each . Erdos and Hajnal first studied when an almost disjoint family admits a set such as a transversal or Bernstein set. In this note we introduce the following notion: a family of sets is said to admit a -transversal if can be written as such that each admits a transversal. We study the question of when an almost disjoint family admits a -transversal and related questions.

     

Small deviations of weighted fractional processes and average non-linear approximation

We investigate the small deviation problem for weighted fractional Brownian motions in -norm, . Let be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index . If , then our main result asserts

provided the weight function satisfies a condition slightly stronger than the -integrability. Thus we extend earlier results for Brownian motion, i.e. , to the fractional case. Our basic tools are entropy estimates for fractional integration operators, a non-linear approximation technique for Gaussian processes as well as sharp entropy estimates for -sums of linear operators defined on a Hilbert space.

     

A note on -estimates for stable integrals with drift

Let be of the form where is a symmetric stable process of index with . We obtain various -estimates for the process . In particular, for and any measurable, nonnegative function we derive the inequality

As an application of the obtained estimates, we prove the existence of solutions for the stochastic equation for any initial value .

     

On the best Hölder exponent for two dimensional elliptic equations in divergence form

We obtain an estimate for the Hölder continuity exponent for weak solutions to the following elliptic equation in divergence form:

where is a bounded open subset of and, for every , is a symmetric matrix with bounded measurable coefficients. Such an estimate ``interpolates' between the well-known estimate of Piccinini and Spagnolo in the isotropic case , where is a bounded measurable function, and our previous result in the unit determinant case . Furthermore, we show that our estimate is sharp. Indeed, for every we construct coefficient matrices such that is isotropic and has unit determinant, and such that our estimate for reduces to an equality, for every .

     

Hardy spaces of spaces of homogeneous type

Let be a space of homogeneous type, and be the generator of a semigroup with Gaussian kernel bounds on . We define the Hardy spaces of for a range of , by means of area integral function associated with the Poisson semigroup of , which is proved to coincide with the usual atomic Hardy spaces on spaces of homogeneous type.

     

Algebraic obstructions and a complete solution of a rational retraction problem

For each compact smooth manifold containing at least two points we prove the existence of a compact nonsingular algebraic set and a smooth map such that, for every rational diffeomorphism and for every diffeomorphism where and are compact nonsingular algebraic sets, we may fix a neighborhood of in which does not contain any regular rational map. Furthermore is not homotopic to any regular rational map. Bearing in mind the case in which is a compact nonsingular algebraic set with totally algebraic homology, the previous result establishes a clear distinction between the property of a smooth map to represent an algebraic unoriented bordism class and the property of to be homotopic to a regular rational map. Furthermore we have: every compact Nash submanifold of containing at least two points has not any tubular neighborhood with rational retraction.

     

Henselian valuations and orderings of a commutative ring

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interplay between henselian valuations and orderings (or semiorderings) of a ring. As a main result, it is proved that for a henselian valuation on a ring , the following statements are equivalent: (1) is compatible with every semiordering of ; (2) is compatible with every ordering of ; (3) Every real prime ideal of is contained in the core of .

     

Mating Siegel quadratic polynomials

Let be a quadratic rational map of the sphere which has two fixed Siegel disks with bounded type rotation numbers and . Using a new degree Blaschke product model for the dynamics of and an adaptation of complex a priori bounds for renormalization of critical circle maps, we prove that can be realized as the mating of two Siegel quadratic polynomials with the corresponding rotation numbers and .

     

Inverse functions of polynomials and orthogonal polynomials as operator monotone functions

We study the operator monotonicity of the inverse of every polynomial with a positive leading coefficient. Let be a sequence of orthonormal polynomials and the restriction of to , where is the maximum zero of . Then and the composite are operator monotone on . Furthermore, for every polynomial with a positive leading coefficient there is a real number so that the inverse function of defined on is semi-operator monotone, that is, for matrices , implies

     

-actions whose fixed data has a section

Given a collection of real vector bundles over a closed manifold , suppose that, for some is of the form , where is the trivial one-dimensional bundle. In this paper we prove that if is the fixed data of a -action, then the same is true for the Whitney sum obtained from by replacing by . This stability property is well-known for involutions. Together with techniques previously developed, this result is used to describe, up to bordism, all possible -actions fixing the disjoint union of an even projective space and a point.     

Normal bases for Hopf-Galois algebras

Let be a Hopf algebra over a commutative ring such that is a finitely generated, projective module over , let be a right -comodule algebra, and let be the subalgebra of -coinvariant elements of . If is a Galois extension of and is a local subalgebra of the center of , then is a cleft right -comodule algebra or, equivalently, there is a normal basis for over .