分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水样中4种环境激素

以四氯乙烯作萃取剂,以四氢呋喃为分散剂对水样中4种环境激素甲草胺、乙草胺、三唑酮和三唑醇进行分散液液微萃取。提取液用气相色谱-质谱法测定。4种环境激素的质量浓度与其相应峰面积均在0.05～100μg.L-1范围内呈线性关系。甲草胺、乙草胺、三唑酮和三唑醇的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.016,0.015,0.023,0.032μg.L-1。在0.2,2.0mg.kg-1两个添加水平下进行回收试验,4种环境激素的回收率在86.8%～118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%～6.2%之间。     

液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料

建立了液液萃取-分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定纺织废水中痕量偶氮染料的方法。废水中的偶氮染料在碱性条件下经连二亚硫酸钠还原成芳香胺后,先用叔丁基甲醚液液萃取、盐酸反萃进行预浓缩及净化;再以乙腈-氯苯体系进行分散液液微萃取,气相色谱-质谱测定。对前处理条件进行了优化,考察了酸碱度及盐效应对芳香胺萃取效率的影响,结果表明:液液萃取过程中加入30 g NaCl,分散液液微萃取过程中加入1 mL 5 mol/L的NaOH调节体系至碱性才能达到较好的萃取效率。在优化的实验条件下,21种目标物均呈现良好的线性关系,其中13种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05～10μg/L, 7种芳香胺的线性范围为0.05～5μg/L, 2,4-二氨基苯甲醚的线性范围为20～100μg/L,相关系数为0.996～0.999。20种芳香胺的检出限可达0.05μg/L, 2,4-二氨基苯甲醚检出限为20μg/L。印染、机织、印花等实际废水加标试验表明,方法的回收率为75.6%～115.1%。该方法富集倍数高,检出限低,适用于纺织废水中痕量禁用偶氮染料的检测。     

磁固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法测定环境水中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

建立了磁固相萃取结合气相色谱/质谱联用测定环境水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的方法。萃取的最佳条件为:在100 mL水样中加入20 mg磁性Fe3O4@SiO2-C18微球,振摇萃取10 min后,用2.0 mL二氯甲烷解析5 min。在优化条件下,DBP和DEHP的检出限分别为0.1μg/L和0.3μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为1.0~100μg/L,线性相关系数分别为0.9992和0.9990。方法应用于河水、湖水和井水样的分析,DBP的加标回收率为83.2%~103%,相对标准偏差小于6.8%,DEHP的加标回收率为82.2%~107%,相对标准偏差小于7.9%。     

超声萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法对PVC制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯的快速测定

建立了PVC制品中三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)的超声萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用快速测定分析方法.考察了萃取溶剂、萃取时间和水浴温度等因素对测定的影响.优化的超声萃取条件为以乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂,萃取时间为60 min,水浴温度为40 ℃.在优化实验条件下,TCEP的质量浓度在0.1 ～10 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 6,方法的定量下限(S/N=10)为0.1 mg/L,回收率为101% ～104%,相对标准偏差为0.76% ～3.5%.该方法具有线性范围宽、重复性好、准确度高、速度快等特点,可用于PVC制品中TCEP含量的测定.     

分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中2,4-二氯酚

建立了简便、快速、有效的分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境水样中2,4-二氯酚的分析方法。对萃取剂、分散剂的种类和体积、萃取时间、离心时间、盐浓度等影响萃取效率的因素进行了优化。方法的线性范围为1～500μg/L(r=0.9997),相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.8%(n=6),检出限为0.19μg/L。该法适用于环境水样中的痕量2,4-二氯酚的检测。     

磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯标准物质的研制

研制了有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)标准物质。采用硅胶柱层析法对TCEP原料进行纯化,得到纯度大于99%的TCEP纯品。通过红外光谱和气相色谱–质谱准确定性分析后,利用气相色谱法和气相色谱–质谱法结合热重分析法分别对TCEP纯物质进行纯度定值。将制备的50 g TCEP纯品分装到100个小瓶中,每瓶0.5g,从中随机选取10瓶,进行均匀性和稳定性实验,结果表明,研制的TCEP标准物质均匀性良好,在半年内是稳定的。研制的有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯标准物质的纯度定值为99.56%,扩展不确定度为1.18%(k=2)。研制的磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯标准物质满足国家二级标准物质标准的要求。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析葡萄酒中单萜醇

采用分散液液微萃取与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术建立了葡萄酒中单萜醇(α-萜烯醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇、香茅醇)的分析方法.考察萃取剂与分散剂的种类和体积、超声和离心时间、盐的加入量、酒样中乙醇含量等因素对萃取效率的影响,确定最佳萃取条件为:在10 mL葡萄酒样中加入2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)作为内标,再加入100 μL四氯化碳与500 μL丙酮,超声3 min(40 MHz),再离心10 min(5000 r/min)后吸取有机相进行GC-MS分析.用此条件检测4种单萜醇,线性范围为10 ～ 300 μg/L,相关系数均大于0.996,检出限为6～8μg/L.实际葡萄酒样加标回收率为90.8％ ～96.1％,相对标准偏差为4.8％～5.6％(n=6).本方法具有操作简单、快速、灵敏、低成本、环境友好等特点,非常适合大批量样品分析.     

微溶剂萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯

取水样25mL,加入无水硫酸钠3.0g,加入环己烷2.0mL,振荡萃取3min。移取萃取了邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的上层有机相2.0μL注入HP-5毛细管柱(30m×0.32mm,0.25μm)色谱分离后进行质谱测定。DEHP的质量浓度在50.0μg.L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.052μg.L-1。分析了早、中、晚不同时间的天津市自来水,并用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在97.0%～109.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于2.5%。     

分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定水中多氯联苯

为了快速准确的测定水中多种多氯联苯(Polychlorinated Biphenyls, PCBs),建立了分散液液微萃取(Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, DLLME)与气相色谱-质谱联用,快速测定水中20种PCBs的新方法。方法以二氯甲烷(20μL)为萃取剂,丙酮(1.0 mL)为分散剂,混匀后注入10.0 mL水样中,以4℃、8 000 r/min离心10 min,吸取下层有机相10μL,加入0.2μL内标后进样分析。结果表明,在最佳条件下,20种PCBs能够被充分提取和良好分离。在10.0～500μg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999,检出限为0.7～1.8μg/L。对水样进行20、100、450μg/L的加标实验,相对标准偏差与回收率分别在1.6%～9.7%与72.0%～115%之间,能够满足环境水样中PCBs的测定要求。     

分散液液微萃取-在线衍生化-气相色谱-质谱联用法检测环境水样品中紫外吸收剂

建立了分散液液微萃取（dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,DLLME）-在线衍生化-气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）方法,将其用于环境水中6种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂（BPs）（二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、4-羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮）的检测。系统优化了在线衍生化的条件（如进样口温度、不分流时间、衍生化试剂用量）以及DLLME萃取条件（如萃取剂种类、分散剂种类、萃取剂与分散剂比例、样品体积、样品溶液离子强度及pH值）等。在最优的条件下,所考察的6种BPs检出限为0.011~0.15 μg/L,重现性（RSD）为0.7%~16.6%。该方法结果准确可靠,操作简单,富集效果好,成本较低,环境友好,在实际样品检测中具有一定的应用前景。     

分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定蜂蜜中六六六和滴滴涕类农药残留

建立了分散液液微萃取(DLLME)与气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)联用快速检测蜂蜜中六六六(BHC)和滴滴涕(DDT)类农药残留的分析方法.使用三氯甲烷为萃取剂,通过涡旋、离心使分析物富集到微量三氯甲烷中,采用气相色谱-质谱进行分析.实验对影响DLLME萃取效率的因素,如萃取剂种类和体积、分散剂种类和体积、萃取时间等进行了考察,同时对方法的基质效应和性能进行了评估.结果显示:由于基质效应,8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药都出现信号增强现象.8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药在2~500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.991~0.998,方法富集倍数为74~96;当试样的加标水平为20、50和100 μg/kg时,8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药的回收率为61.0%~100.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为2.2%~19.5%.8种六六六和滴滴涕类农药的最低检测浓度均为20 μg/kg,最小检出量皆为1.0 ng.该方法简单、快速、高效,适用于蜂蜜中六六六和滴滴涕类农药的残留检测.     

混合模式吸附剂固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定皮革中的磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯

磷酸三（2-氯乙基）酯（TCEP）是一种皮革生产中常用的加工助剂,其具有致癌、神经毒性和生殖毒性,被欧洲化学品管理局列入禁用的第二批授权物质清单。由于皮革产品基质复杂,采用常用的固相萃取（SPE）方法提取对TCEP的回收率不高。Silica-WCX是一种自制的含有羧基与烷基的新型混合模式吸附剂。研究表明,通过在酸性条件下使其羧基保持质子化状态,能有效增强Silica-WCX对极性化合物TCEP的萃取性能,使TCEP的回收率得到明显提高。本文以Silica-WCX为SPE材料,建立了测定皮革中TCEP的SPE-GC-MS方法。该方法的线性范围为0.10~100.0 μg/L,定量限（S/N=10）为44.46 ng/kg,不同添加水平下TCEP的平均回收率在91.45%~99.98%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在4.33%~5.97%之间。该方法简便快捷,灵敏度高,定量限低于欧盟《化学品的注册、评估、授权和限制》（registration,evaluation,authorization and restriction of chemicals,REACH）法规的限量要求,适用于皮革及其制品中TCEP的测定。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时检测烟用水基胶中的23种酯类化合物

建立了一种同时检测烟用水基胶中23种酯类化合物的液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用方法。23种酯类化合物包括乙酸酯类、丙烯酸酯类、甲基丙烯酸酯类、邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物。水基胶样品经水分散后,用含内标物丙酸苯乙酯的正己烷溶液振荡萃取,萃取液离心后过0.45 μm有机相滤膜,用DB-WAXETR气相色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)分离,质谱选择离子模式监测,内标法定量。结果表明,23种酯类化合物在0.4~50.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数大于0.998,样品加标回收率为81.8%~109.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)小于4%,检出限为0.02~0.76 mg/kg,定量限为0.04~2.52 mg/kg。该方法前处理简便、快速、分析时间短、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于烟用水基胶中23种酯类化合物的同时检测。     

超声辅助低密度溶剂分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法检测生物样品中的8种毒品

建立了生物样品中8种毒品的超声辅助分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法,采用密度比水低的有机溶剂甲苯作为萃取溶剂,萃取过程中不需要任何分散剂。对影响萃取富集效率的因素进行优化:将100 μL甲苯萃取剂加入到1 mL样品溶液中,超声波剧烈振荡使甲苯充分分散到样品溶液中进行萃取,离心分层后,抽取上层萃取剂供气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱分析检测。在优化条件下,分析物在各自的线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数在0.9984~0.9994之间;检出限为0.05~0.40 μg/L (S/N=3);样品加标回收率在79.3%~100.3%之间,RSD<5.7%。本方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高和重现性好等优点,可应用于生物样品中多种毒品的分析检测。     

Quantification of free and total bisphenol A and bisphenol B in human urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MD-GC/MS)

A novel method combining dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of free and total bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) in human urine samples. The DLLME procedure combines extraction, derivatization and concentration of the analytes into one step. Several important variables influencing the extraction efficiency and selectivity such as nature and volume of extractive and dispersive solvents as well as the amount of acetylating reagent were investigated. The temperature and time to hydrolyze BPA and BPB conjugates with a β-glucuronidase and sulfatase enzyme preparation were also studied. Under the optimized conditions good efficiency extraction (71-93%) and acceptable total DLLME yields (56-77%) were obtained for both analytes. Matrix-matched calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficients higher than 0.996 in the range level 0.1-5 μg/l, and the relative standard deviations (%RSD) were lower than 20% (n = 6). The limits of detection were 0.03 and 0.05 μg/l for BPA and BPB, respectively. The applicability of the proposed method for determining urinary free and total BPA and BPB was assessed by analyzing the human urine of a group of 20 volunteers. Free BPA was detected in 45% of the sample whereas total BPA was detected in 85% of the samples at concentrations ranging between 0.39 and 4.99 μg/l. BPB was detected in conjugated form in two samples.     

Part-per-trillion determination of chlorobenzenes in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined gas chromatography-electron capture detection

In this study, a simple, rapid and efficient method, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD), for the determination of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in water samples, has been described. This method involves the use of an appropriate mixture of extraction solvent (9.5 μl chlorobenzene) and disperser solvent (0.50 ml acetone) for the formation of cloudy solution in 5.00 ml aqueous sample containing analytes. After extraction, phase separation was performed by centrifugation and the enriched analytes in sedimented phase were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Our simple conditions were conducted at room temperature with no stiring and no salt addition in order to minimize sample preparation steps. Parameters such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent, the kind and volume of disperser solvent, extraction time and salt effect, were studied and optimized. The method exhibited enrichment factors and recoveries ranging from 711 to 813 and 71.1 to 81.3%, respectively, within very short extraction time. The linearity of the method ranged from 0.05 to 100 μg l⁻¹ for dichlorobenzene isomers (DCB), 0.002-20 μg l⁻¹ for trichlorobenzene (TCB) and tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB) isomers and from 0.001 to 4 μg l⁻¹ for pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). The limit of detection was in the low μg l⁻¹ level, ranging between 0.0005 and 0.05 μg l⁻¹. The relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) for the concentration of DCB isomers, 5.00 μg l⁻¹, TCB and TeCB isomers, 0.500 μg l⁻¹, PeCB and HCB 0.100 μg l⁻¹ in water by using the internal standard were in the range of 0.52-2.8% (n = 5) and without the internal standard were in the range of 4.6-6.0% (n = 5). The relative recoveries of spiked CBs at different levels of chlorobenzene isomers in tap, well and river water samples were 109-121%, 105-113% and 87-120%, respectively. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of CBs in tap, river and well water samples.     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定蔬菜中8种亲脂类农药残留

建立了分散液相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)联用方法用于快速分析蔬菜中8种亲脂类农药残留。样品用水-丙酮(5:1, v/v)混合溶液提取,经布氏漏斗减压抽滤。滤液经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)吸附剂、C18吸附剂、石墨炭黑粉净化后,用氯苯萃取,GC-MS/MS测定。对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下,农药的富集倍数达526～878,检出限为0.001～0.02 mg/kg,线性范围为0.005～10 mg/kg,线性相关系数为0.9921～0.9989,平均加标回收率为60.1%～82.5%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～9.6%。该方法已成功应用于蔬菜中8种亲脂类农药残留的测定。     

Simultaneous determination of cypermethrin and permethrin in pear juice by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography

A new method was developed for simultaneous determination of cypermethrin and permethrin residues in pear juice with ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). 3.5 mL of methanol (dispersant) and 30 μL of C₂Cl₄ (extractant) were injected into 5.0 mL of pear juice sample and then emulsified by ultrasound for 2.0 min to forming the cloudy solution. Under the optimum condition, the enrichment factors for cypermethrin and permethrin were 344 and 351 fold respectively. Good linearity was observed in a range of 0.009-1.52 μg g⁻¹ with the correlation coefficient (r²)≥0.9993. The limits of detection (LODs) were 3.1 and 2.2 μg kg⁻¹ for cypermethrin and permethrin, respectively (S/N = 3). The recoveries of the method evaluated at three spiked levels were in the range of 92.1%-107.1%. The repeatability evaluated as intra-day and inter-day precision (RSDs) were less than 4.0% (n = 5). The developed method was successfully applied to determine the two pesticide residues in different pear juice samples.