乙炔在ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附机制及吸附态性质

 在有微量水存在下研究了乙炔在HZSM-5和NaZSM-5上的吸附和脱附. 在80 ℃下, NaZSM-5上乙炔的饱和吸附量约为HZSM-5上的5倍,但在200 ℃以上时吸附的乙炔只有少量可存留于NaZSM-5表面. 这与乙炔在HZSM-5上的较强吸附显著不同. 依据FT-IR对乙炔吸附态的测定,研究了乙炔在ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附机制及吸附态性质. 乙炔与HZSM-5中B酸中心上的水作用形成乙烯醇,后者在升温时变为碳正离子结合在分子筛的 Al-O--Si 上构成强吸附物种. 在NaZSM-5上,乙炔只通过与Na+位上的水作用形成乙烯醇,后者与沸石孔道中的阳离子以静电结合构成弱吸附物种. 与HZSM-5的情况不同, NaZSM-5上的吸附物种在升温过程中被活化前即分解成乙炔脱附.     

NO在Cu—ZSM—5分子筛上程序升温脱附研究

本文用等温动态吸附和程序升温脱附技术研究了ＮＯ与Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５的相互作用，并根据还原预处理样品上ＮＯ吸、脱附循环的研究探讨了全过程样品所经历的氧化还原循环。在２５℃等温吸附时，ＮＯ与Ｃｕ＾＋和／或Ｃｕ＾０反应产生了Ｎ２、Ｎ２Ｏ和Ｃｕ＾２＋以及超晶格氧，同时在Ｃｕ＾＋上有许多可逆吸附的ＮＯ．ＮＯ吸附在Ｃｕ＾２＋上是稳定的。升高温度时，ＮＯ分为三种状态脱附，分别位于约１００，１８０和４００℃。后两种     

环已胺在沸石分子筛上的吸脱附行为研究

本文以程序升温脱附(TPD)为主要实验手段,对环己胺在5种不同沸石分子筛上的吸脱附行为进行了研究。结果表明,沸石分子筛对环己胺有着较强的吸附作用,不同的沸石分子筛对环己胺的吸附能力受其结构和表面酸性特征的影响而异。有效吸附部位为与沸石分子筛表面酸性有关的弱化学吸附位;环己胺从不同沸石分子筛表面脱附的动力学与晶内扩散有关,其表观脱附活化能分别为:63.6kJ/mol(5A),68.6kJ/mol(13X),20.1kJ/mol(菱沸石),46.9kJ/mol(NaY)和47.3KJ/mol(ZSM-5)。     

NO在Cu－ZSM－5分子筛上程序升温脱附研究

本文用等温动态吸附和程序升温脱附技术研究了ＮＯ与Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５的相互作用，并根据还原预处理样品上ＮＯ吸、脱附循环的研究探讨了全过程样品所经历的氧化还原循环，在２５℃等温吸附时，ＮＯ与Ｃｕ￣＋和／或Ｃｕ￣０反应产生了Ｎ＿２、Ｎ＿２Ｏ和Ｃｕ￣（２＋）以及超晶格氧，同时在Ｃｕ￣＋上有许多可逆吸附的ＮＯ．ＮＯ吸附在Ｃｕ￣（２＋）上是稳定的，升高温度时，ＮＯ分为三种状态脱附，分别位于约１００，１８０和４００℃．后两种可能以Ｃｕ￣（２＋）－ＮＯ＿２和Ｃｕ￣（２＋）－ＮＯ＿３为中间态．第三种ＮＯ脱附同时伴随着Ｏ＿２脱附，对于还原预处理的样品，吸附和脱附的一个循环总体上会使样品部分氧化。     

分子筛对NO和NO2的吸附性能

在常压下研究了多种分子筛上NO和NO2的吸附和脱附情况.结果表明,有O2存在时,O2与NO生成的NO2可与NO共吸附在分子筛上,显著促进了NO在分子筛特别是Na型分子筛上的吸附.在所研究的ZSM-5,13X,SAPO,Y,β和A分子筛中,Hβ分子筛在无氧条件下对NO的吸附能力最强;13X分子筛在有氧条件下对NOx的吸附能力最强,且对NOx的吸附性能具有很好的重复性.     

13X分子筛上硫化促进剂的动态行为研究

采用TPD技术对13X分子筛的表面酸性及3种硫化促进剂在其表面上的动态行为进行了研究。结果表明,13X分子筛具有吸附能量高低不等的多种表面酸性吸附部位。对于吸附型缓释交联剂,有效的表面吸附部位为弱化学吸附位.表观脱附动力学计算结果表明,不同的硫化促进剂从13X分子筛表面有效部位脱出时,其动力学特征亦不同,但均与晶内扩散有关,表观脱附活化能(kJ/mol)分别为51.5(二乙胺)、68.6(环己胺)和78.3(乙二胺)。     

Characterization of the acidic properties of zeolites by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia

Desorption energy distributions were calculated for temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of ammonia from H zeolites of different type by means of regularization. This method does not require any limiting assumptions about the distribution function. It could be shown that the desorption energy distributions obtained are nearly independent of the experimental conditions and therefore they should represent a suitable measure for the distribution of the strength of acidic sites. The calculated desorption energy distributions for the ammonia desorption from the isolated bridging SiOHAl groups of H zeolites of different type significantly differ from each other in shape. The increase of the desorption energy of the main range of the distribution functions correlates well with the increase of the average acid strength of the SiOHAl groups with decreasing Al content of the zeolites.     

苯并噻吩在酸改性NaY分子筛上的吸附

以NaY分子筛为母体,通过柠檬酸、磷酸改性分别得到吸附剂NaY-C和NaY-P.采用SEM、XRD、XRF、N₂物理吸附及NH₃-TPD表征可知,柠檬酸改性后得到的NaY-C吸附剂介孔表面积增加,分子筛骨架结构保持不变.同时,磷酸改性使得NaY分子筛表面弱酸量减少强酸量增加,改性后所得吸附剂NaY-P的强酸量大于NaY-C.吸附实验表明,NaY-C和NaY-P均可完全脱除模拟油品中的苯并噻吩,同时NaY-C吸附剂对0^#柴油的脱硫能力优于NaY-P吸附剂.再生实验中NaY-C和NaY-P吸附剂对模拟油品的脱硫率由第一次的100%分别下降至第6次的91.97%和85.96%.由此可知,柠檬酸改性NaY分子筛所得NaY-C吸附剂的脱硫能力优于NaY-P,原因是吸附剂上的介孔更易于发生吸附脱硫.     

Temperature-programmed desorption of n-hexane from hydrated HZSM-5 and NH4ZSM-5 zeolites

Temperature-programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometer as a detector (TPD), IR and ¹³C NMR measurements are used to study the adsorption of n-hexane on hydrated HZSM-5 and NH₄ZSM-5 zeolites. The ¹³C NMR measurements show that n-hexane can access the pore structure of ZSM-5 zeolites previously saturated with water. TPD spectra of n-hexane are monitored in the temperature region 50–300°C, in the case of fully or partially hydrated samples; two-stage desorption of n-hexane is found. Simultaneous desorption of water and n-hexane in the same temperature region are found, in all investigated samples.     

Adsorption enthalpy and desorption enthalpy during displacement of adsorbate to solvent in a liquid-solid system

The adsorption heat of the stoichiometric displacement process for the adsorption of a solute in a liquid-solid system was investigated. On the basis of the SDM-A and the rule of the additivity of energy, an expression which describes the dependence of the adsorption enthalpy on the nature and concentration of the solute, and on the solvent and adsorbent, was derived. The adsorption heat determined for the solute with the traditional method can be divided into two independent fractions, relating to the adsorption of the solute and to the desorption of the solvent. Experimental data on both isotherms from the literatures and precise calorimetry were used to test the adsorption heat and its fractions computed quantitatively via the equations presented in this study, and a satisfactory degree of conformity between them was obtained. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province in China.     

Adsorption and desorption of macromolecules on solid surfaces studied by on-line size exclusion chromatography 2. Preferential adsorption and exchange processes

Preferential and exchange adsorption of polymers differing in molar mass and/or chemical nature under dynamic conditions were investigated using on-line size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The sample investigated dissolved in an appropriate solvent was injected into a small adsorption–desorption column packed with nonporous silica. A nonadsorbed or desorbed fraction of the polymer was directed into an SEC column for determination of both the amount and the molecular characteristics. This approach is in many aspects superior to other techniques for studies of polymer adsorption onto solid surfaces due to its low sample and time consumption. At a low degree of surface coverage, adsorption and desorption of macromolecules were rapid and were affected by the rate of supply of macromolecules to the adsorbent surface. The exchange between macromolecules at the stage of surface saturation was found to depend on the mean molar masses of preadsorbed and displacing polymer species and possibly also on the chain flexibility of the macromolecules. It was shown that the preferential adsorption driven by the chain-length difference upon saturation of the adsorbent surface was more noticeable if the preadsorbed macromolecules were smaller. Received: 7 April 1999 Accepted in revised form: 21 July 1999     

Statistical modeling of equilibrium adsorption of non-ideal mixtures on zeolites

A new model for equilibrium adsorption of a binary mixture on zeolites that takes into account the energy nonuniformity of the adsorption field in the zeolite cavities was developed on the basis of statistical thermodynamics. The nonuniformity of the adsorption field produces rearrangement of molecules in the cavity volume, decreasing the entropy, internal energy, and Helmholz free energy. A procedure for calculation of the thermodynamic functions from the data on the adsorption of pure components was proposed. The limiting cases of maximum ordering of the molecules in the cavity and their random distribution were considered. The approach proposed was exemplified by the substantially non-ideal system nitrogen--argon--zeolite NaX at 160 K. The proposed model describes the behavior of this mixture much better than that of the ideal adsorbed solution theory.     

Adsorption of 1-olefin/n-paraffin liquid mixtures on NaX and NaY zeolites

The isotherm equation for adsorption of binary liquid mixtures of nonelectrolytes, involving differences in molecular sizes of components and quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of adsorption sites, is used to describe the excess adsorption data for 1-olefin/n-paraffin liquid mixtures on NaX and NaY zeolites at 293 K. This equation gives a good representation of the above adsorption data. Analysis of these data showed that the heterogeneity parameter is slightly dependent on the difference in molecular sizes of both components.     

Adsorption of methanol on sodium faujasites and mordenites

Calorimetry and IR spectroscopy were used to study the adsorption of methanol on faujasites and mordenites with different Si/Al ratios. It was shown that the disturbance of the OH bonds in CH₃OH weakens and the heat of adsorption decreases as the cation content in the zeolites decreases. The protic acid sites in decationized mordenite form strong hydrogen bonds with the adsorbed molecules.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 476–479, March, 1993.     

Adsorption and desorption of small molecules for the characterization of solid acids

The relative acid strength and acid amount of solid acids has been determined from the adsorption and desorption of small molecules, such as argon. The order of activation energy for desorption of Ar from a solid acid, determined using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), is sulfated zirconia > Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀ > proton-type zeolites > silica–alumina. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Henry equations. The Henry-type adsorption isotherms were also analyzed using the theory of Cremer and Flügge. The heat of Ar adsorption was 22 kJ mol⁻¹ for sulfated zirconia and ca. 17 kJ mol⁻¹ for mordenite, ZSM-5, and beta-zeolite. Molybdenum oxides reduced at 623 and 773 K exhibited a large heat of adsorption (19.3 and 19.7 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively), and these materials are classified as superacids. W-Nb mixed-oxides and tungstated tin oxide (calcined at 1373 K), which are newly developed solid acids, had a heat of adsorption of 18.1 and 16.9 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. The type of acid site could be distinguished by comparing the heat of adsorption of Ar and N₂. Our data indicate that Ar is useful for the characterization of solid acids.