用于苯选择加氢制环己烯的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活与再生

 研究了在中试装置上经长期运转后的非晶态合金Ru-La-B/ZrO2催化剂的失活原因与再生方法. 结果表明: 催化剂失活不是由微孔堵塞、比表面积减小、晶粒长大或催化剂中毒而引起的,而是由于在长期运转过程中催化剂吸附了反应浆液中的Zn2+ 和反应器壁引入的Fe2+ , 通过酸洗的方法可以使催化剂的活性和选择性基本恢复.     

氯对钌基氨合成催化剂的影响

氯离子的脱除是制备高性能钌催化剂的一个重要步骤。本文综述了新型钌基氨合成催化剂制备过程中的脱氯环节。介绍了以RuCl₃·3H₂O作为活性前驱体的钌催化剂中氯离子的来源、氯在催化剂中的存在方式、它对催化剂的毒害作用以及去除氯离子的方法。     

汽油制氢反应催化剂制备方法研究

对汽油氧化重整制氢反应催化剂制备方法进行了实验 ,研究了双金M N/Al2 O3 预还原与否对汽油制氢反应的活性、生成氢气的选择性及催化剂的稳定性。实验结果表明 ,催化剂的制备方法不同 ,在汽油氧化重制氢反应中催化剂活性、生成氢的选择性不同 ,还原态的好于非还原态的双金属催化剂 ;还原与否对该双金属催化剂的稳定性影响不大。     

烷基化催化剂表面酸性及催化性能的动力学研究

在确定关联升温速率、脱附峰温和脱附峰覆盖率的程序升温脱附动力学模型的基础上，通过TPD实验和模型参数估值，建立了表征催化剂酸密度、酸强度及强度分布情况的方法。研究表明，随着活化温度的提高，固体酸催化剂表面酸中心强度分布先变宽后趋于均匀，350?℃活化催化剂的强度分布最宽；催化剂表面酸强度和酸密度随活化温度提高均呈先增大后降低、分别在350 ℃和250 ℃活化温度达到极大值的变化规律。催化剂酸性与催化性能关联的结果表明，随着活化温度的提高，烷基化反应速率常数与总脱附量的变化趋势相同，而催化剂失活速率常数与脱附活化能变化趋势相同；催化剂活性稳定性随其酸强度的增大而变差，催化剂活性与催化剂酸量和酸强度有关。     

合成1,5-苯并二氮杂卓衍生物的催化剂研究进展

根据催化剂种类的不同,综述了近十年在1,5-苯并二氮杂(草)衍生物的合成过程中使用的催化剂的研究进展,包括路易斯酸、布朗斯特酸、有机酸、负载催化剂、离子液体催化剂、哌啶类催化剂、介孔材料等,分析了各方法的优缺点,期望能够为探索出更好的催化剂提供启发.     

双功能催化剂中不同组分对一步法合成二甲醚的影响

采用干磨法,选用不同种类甲醇合成组分和不同种类的甲醇脱水组分制备双功能催化剂,并在高压固定床反应器评价其催化性能.研究表明,催化剂JC207是一种较优的甲醇合成催化剂,其最佳配比为80％.分子筛是一种较好的甲醇脱水催化剂,其最佳配比为20％.通过寿命试验和催化剂的XRD表征发现催化剂晶相没有改变,催化剂结构保持稳定.     

Impact of ageing on the distribution of platinum group elements and catalyst poisoning elements in automobile catalysts

The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) and catalyst poisoning elements (Pb, Zn, P and S) on the surface of gasoline and diesel automobile catalysts was investigated within this study. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICPMS) provides both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution required for the surface analysis of sectioned automobile catalysts, and scanning along channels reveals the distribution of longitudinal changes in PGE and catalyst poisoning elements. Changes in catalyst surface features were studied for fresh catalysts and after ageing of the catalyst up to 80 000 km for both types of catalysts studied. The PGEs in the gasoline catalyst were found to decrease at the front of the catalyst after ageing, whereas the diesel catalyst presented a more constant loss along the catalyst. The fraction of poisoning elements (Pb, P and Zn for the gasoline catalyst and P and Zn for the diesel catalyst) retained by the catalyst is distributed non‐uniformly over the length of the catalyst. This could indicate different ageing mechanisms for gasoline and diesel catalysts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characteristics of membrane-electrode assemblies of hydrogen-air fuel cells with PtCoCr/C catalyst

A cathodic catalyst, which can replace monoplatinum commercial catalyst, is developed and investigated. New catalyst combines a smaller consumption of platinum with a higher mass activity and corrosion resistance. A method of fabrication of ternary (PtCoCr/C) catalyst is improved in order to obtain the catalytic system containing 45–50 wt % platinum. This is necessary to form thinner active layers of cathodes of membrane-electrode assemblies of hydrogen-air fuel cells. The activity of the synthesized PtCoCr/C catalyst is by 1.2–1.5 times higher than that of the monoplatinum catalyst containing 60–70 wt % Pt. According to the accelerated-test data, the corrosion resistance of PtCoCr/C catalyst is also higher than that of Pt/C system.     

Isomerisation of butene in isobutene on ferrierite catalyst: A mono- or a bimolecular process?

The isomerisation of n-butene into isobutene has been studied over a ferrierite catalyst being in a selective state (aged catalyst) or non-selective state (fresh catalyst). It is observed, by using ¹³C=C---C---C, that a bimolecular process operates on the non-selective catalyst whereas a monomolecular process exists on the selective catalyst.     

Catalytic features of a low-temperature reduced alumina-supported platinum catalyst. Activity and selectivity in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and nitrobenzene

A low-temperature reduced (LR) supported platinum catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and their mixture in ethanol, and compared with a high-temperature reduced (HR) catalyst. For benzaldehyde the LR catalyst was highly active to the formation of benzyl alcohol and did not give benzaldehyde diethyl acetal, which was largely formed by the HR catalyst. For the mixture, benzylideneaniline was selectively produced by the LR catalyst, while the HR catalyst gave benzylaniline and the acetal.     

Polymerization of Olefins by a Ziegler Catalyst Supported on Poly(ethylene-co-Vinyl Alcohol)

The polymerization and catalytic behavior of a Ziegler type catalyst supported on poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA) were investigated. The rate of ethylene polymerization by a catalyst prepared from titanium tetrachloride supported on EVA (vinyl alcohol 18 mole %) and triethylaluminum (AlEt₃) is much higher than that of an n-butoxytitanium trichloride (BTT)-AlEt3 catalyst. The polymer-supported catalyst has prolonged high activity during polymerization compared with the BTT-AlEt₃ catalyst. The stabilization of the catalyst seems to depend on its slower reduction by alkylaluminum compounds, due to steric hindrance by bulky polymer ligands. Polypropylene prepared by the polymer supported Ziegler catalyst is essentially atactic, and it differs little from that prepared with a BTT-AlEt₃ catalyst. Vinyl chloride was also polymerized by this catalyst. The catalytic activity was, however, very small.     

手性含硫恶唑硼烷催化芳酮不对称还原反应的量子化学研究

用HF方法在6-31G^*基组下,对手性含硫恶唑硼烷催化苯乙酮不对称还原反应进行了量子化学从头算研究。还原反应经历了催化剂-硼烷加合物、催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物、催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的生成以及催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的离解过程。催化剂-硼烷加合物、催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物和催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物的生成分别为放热、吸热、放热过程;催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物离解成催化剂烷氧基硼烷为吸热过程。催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物和催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物都存在四种稳定的结构。最有利于氢转移的催化剂-硼烷-酮加合物结构是次低能量结构,并且具有扭曲的船形结构。催化剂-烷氧基硼烷加合物含有一个B-O-B-N四元环,尽管四元环有较大的张力,但加合物仍有较高的稳定性。     

Simulation of the electrocatalytic oxidation of acetone in a fixed catalyst bed

Catalytic oxidation of acetone on samples of a copper-containing catalyst with an ac electric field applied to the catalyst bed was simulated. The distribution of temperature across the catalyst bed was studied at varied delivered specific electric power, and kinetic parameters of the catalyst samples were determined.     

Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene on Ring- and Trilobe-Shaped Catalysts

The indicators of ethanol to ethylene catalytic dehydration process on trilobe- and ring-shaped samples of an alumina catalyst were compared at the fixed parameters: thermal agent temperature and catalyst load. Experiments were performed in a flow-through reactor of a laboratory setup and in a tubular reactor of a pilot installation. The use of the less active ring-shaped catalyst ensures higher values of ethanol conversion, ethylene yield, and catalyst performance and significantly lower hydraulic resistance, compared to the more active trilobe-shaped catalyst. This is caused by lower intensity of the heat absorption on the less active catalyst and, correspondingly, to the higher temperature in the ring bed due to higher bed porosity.     

合成条件对磷钨杂多酸季铵盐催化剂性能的影响

 采用廉价的季铵盐［C16H33(CH3)3(70%)+C18H37(CH3)3(30%)］N+Cl-(简记为Q+Cl-)代替［C5H5NC16H33］+Cl-作为相转移剂,制备了一种新型的反应控制相转移催化剂,详细考察了制备过程中各因素对催化剂性能的影响,确定了适宜的催化剂制备条件,同时对催化剂的 31P NMR上的各峰进行了归属. 研究结果表明,在1-辛烯环氧化反应中,催化剂各组分在双氧水作用下能够相互转化形成合适比例的多组分复合催化剂,催化活性较高,但任一组分单独作用时催化活性则较低.     

Comparison of silyl chromate and chromium oxide based olefin polymerization catalysts

A comparison of the ethylene polymerization performance conducted with an oxo and a triphenylsilyl chromate catalyst on silica was performed. The oxo catalyst has higher activity and better comonomer response. The silylchromate catalyst has a much longer induction time and made a much broader molecular weight distribution polymer compared to the oxo analogue. Performance similar to silylchromate on silica was observed when triphenylsilanol (TPS) was added to the oxo chromium catalyst. The oxo catalyst was converted to the silyl chromate catalyst by ligand substitution. Analysis of the catalyst components when TPS was added to the oxo chrome analogue showed that bis triphenylsilyl chromate can form and be removed from the support.     

VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷的影响

采用脉冲反应器,研究了ＶＰＯ催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响,结果表明,ＶＰＯ催化剂与气相分子氧反应的速度要比丙烷与其 和氧反应的速度慢许多,因此以丙烷－Ｏ２共进料方式进行反应时,催化剂氧化再生是速度控制步骤,水是影响催化剂选择性的重要因素,但对活性影响不大,在反应温度下,水在ＶＰＯ催化剂 为可逆吸附,容易脱附流失,催化丙烷反应生成目的的产物的活性中心很稳定,主要是晶格     

Kinetics studies of nano-structured iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Kinetic parameters of nano-structured iron catalyst in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were studied in a wide range of synthesis gas conversions and compared with conventional catalyst. The conventional Fe/Cu/La catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation of Fe and Cu nitrates in aqueous media and Fe/Cu/La nanostructure catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil micro-emulsion. Nano-structured iron catalyst shows higher FTS activity. Kinetic results indicated that in FTS rate expression, the rate constant (k) increased and adsorption parameter (b) decreased by decreasing the catalyst particle size from conventional to nano-structured. Since increasing in the rate constant and decreasing in the adsorption parameter affected the FTS rate in parallel direction, the particle size of catalyst showed complicated effects on kinetic parameters of FTS reaction.     

Chemical Immobilization of Heteropolyacid Catalyst on Inorganic Mesoporous Material for use as an Oxidation Catalyst

Recent progress on the chemical immobilization of heteropolyacid (HPA) catalyst on inorganic mesoporous material is reported in this review. Mesostructured cellular foam silica, mesoporous carbon, and nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon were used as supporting materials. The mesoporous materials were modified to have a positive charge, and thus, to provide sites for the immobilization of HPA catalyst. By taking advantage of the overall negative charge of heteropolyanion, the HPA catalyst was chemically immobilized on the surface-modified mesoporous material as a charge-compensating component. Characterization results showed that the HPA catalyst was finely and molecularly dispersed on the surface of mesoporous material via strong chemical immobilization, and that the pore structure of mesoporous material was still maintained even after the immobilization of HPA catalyst. The supported HPA catalysts were applied to the model vapor-phase ethanol conversion, 2-propanol conversion, and methacrolein oxidation reactions. The supported HPA catalyst showed a better oxidation catalytic activity than the unsupported HPA catalyst in the model reactions. The enhanced oxidation catalytic performance of the supported HPA catalyst was attributed to the finely dispersed HPA catalyst, which was chemically immobilized on the positive site of mesoporous material by sacrificing its proton (Brönsted acid site). The HPA catalyst chemically immobilized on mesoporous material served as an excellent oxidation catalyst.     

木质素负载钯催化剂的制备及对Heck反应的催化性能

以天然木质素和PdC l2为原料,合成了木质素负载钯催化剂,用IR、XPS、TG、DTA等对其进行了表征.研究表明,该催化剂在空气氛围中能催化丙烯酸与芳基碘的Heck反应,并有一定的重复使用性能.