Semi-inclusive scaling for largepT events

We consider semi-inclusive reactions of the type p + p → (particle with large p_T) + n charged particles + neutrals, and propose the following scaling law

$\text{E}\text{d}{}^3\text{σ}{}_{\mathrm{n}}\text{d}{}^3\text{p}\text{=}\text{1}\text{(}\text{s}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{k+1}}\text{H}{}^{\mathrm{2p}}\text{T}\text{s}\text{,}\text{n}\text{s}$

for the distribution function of the large-p_T particle produced in association with n charged particles. This scaling rule is shown to be consistent with present information on single-particle spectra and average associated multiplicities at large p_T. Also, we show that if the associated multiplicity were to continue to increase linearly with p_T, then moments of the multiplicity distribution would increase like powers of s.     

Deuteron optical model calculations including a Tp tensor interaction

Deuteron-nucleus optical model calculations which include two types of tensor spin-orbit interactions are compared. The interactions considered are of the forms $\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>T</mtext><mtext>R</mtext>}}\text{(r)T}{}_{\mathrm{r}}\text{and}\text{1}\text{2}\text{[V}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>T</mtext><mtext>P</mtext>}}\text{(r)T}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{+ T}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{V}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>T</mtext><mtext>P</mtext>}}\text{(r)]}$ where the operators T_r and T_p are defined as $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{r}}\text{ (}\text{s}\text{·}\text{r}\text{?}\text{)}{}^2\text{?}\text{2}\text{3}\text{and}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{p}}\text{ (}\text{s}\text{·}\text{p}\text{)}{}^2\text{?}\text{2}\text{3}\text{p}{}^2$. Here, $\text{s}\text{,}\text{r}\text{and}\text{p}$ are the deuteron spin, position, and momentum operators, respectively. If a physically reasonable radial dependence V_TP(r) is used, the S-matrix elements (and hence all observables) calculated using a T_p tensor potential are found to be similar to those calculated using a suitably chosen T_r potential, provided that the incident deuteron energy is small compared to the real central potential. At higher deuteron energies, the differences between the effects of T_r and T_p potentials are more pronounced.     

Large-pT direct photon production and opposite-side photon-hadron correlations in QCD

Direct photon production in p-p, π-p and $\text{p}\text{-}\text{p}$ collisions at large transverse momenta (p_T) is studied in QCD and compared with existing data. Apart from the quark-gluon and quark-antiquark contributions, corrections due to bremsstrahlung of photons (q+q→q+q+γ) and to partons' intrinsic transverse momenta are taken into account. It is shown that p+p→γ+X provides one of the best determinations of the gluon distribution in the proton. Hadron production with an opposite-side large-p_T photon trigger is also studied. It is shown that the difference between the momentum sharing (x_e) distributions of π^?+p→γ+π^±+X and π⁺+p →γ+π^±+X (or of $\text{p}\text{+}\text{p}\text{→γ+π}{}^{\mathrm{\pm }}\text{+}\text{X}$ and p+p→γ+π^±+X) provides a good determinati on of the gluon fragmentation to a pion.     

Specific heat studies of randomly diluted magnets evidence for fractal properties of the infinite percolation cluster

We present specific heat data on the system Fe_pZn_1-pL₆(ClO₄)₂, which is an experimental realization of the sc, $\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$, diluted Ising antiferromagnet. Here L = C₅H₅NO. The results are compared with earlier data on the diluted sc, $\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$, XY antiferromagnet Co_pZn_1-pL₆(Cl)₄)₂ and the diluted bcc, $\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$, Ising antiferromagnet Co_pZn_1-pCs₃Cl₅. The specific heat behaviour of the diluted Ising systems is found to be completely different from that of the diluted XY magnet, for which very strong short-range order effects have been observed. An explanation is given in terms of the fractal properties of the infinite percolation cluster in the temperature range above T_c(p). It is shown that there exists a strong analogy between the specific heat behaviour of a diluted magnet and that of a system of weakly coupled magnetic chains. In this picture a decrease of p corresponds with a decrease of the coupling between the chains. The differences in behaviour observed between the Ising systems on the one hand, and the (isotropic) XY or Heisenberg systems on the other, can then be explained by the fact that the intrachain correlation length depends exponentially on temperature for the Ising chain, whereas it depends much less strongly on temperature (∝ 1/T) for the XY and Heisenberg chains.     

Inclusive π0 production at very large pT at the ISR

Inclusive π⁰ production at 90° has been studied at the ISR at $\text{s}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{= 52.7}\text{and}\text{62.4}\text{GeV}$ over the p_T range from 7 to 15 GeV/c. The two photons from π⁰ decay yielded overlapping electromagnetic showers in the liquid-argon-Pb plate calorimeter detector system. Any direct photon production is included in these measurements. For large values of p_T, the cross section is observed to decrease with p_T more slowly than the p_T^?8 behaviour which has been observed at lower values of p_T.     

Dependence on interatomic distance of exchange coupling in rare-earth Al2 compounds

The effect of pressure on the Curie temperature of the heavy rare-earth dialuminides has been measured up to 3.5 kbar. The derivatives dT_c/d_p are 0.00(4), 0.09, 0.21, 0.39, 0.60 and 0.71 K/kbar respectively for TmAl₂ ErAl₂, HoAl₂, DyAl₂, TbAl₂ and GdAl₂ thus indicating a clear positive correlation between dT_c/dp and the de Gennes factor G. The results are discussed in terms of the RKKY model. However, the phenomenological parameter D/d, where D is the nearest-neighbour R-R distance and d the diameter of the 4f orbital, is used to reflect the non-δ-function character of the sf-coupling parameter Г. The experimental values of Г²D² and T_p/G are found to decrease linearly with increasing D/d. This is in keeping with the RKKY proportionality of $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{?T}{}_{\mathrm{p}}$ to Γ²E^?1_FG. For GdAl₂, TbAl₂ and DyAl₂ the quantity $\text{?}\text{(}\text{d}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{d}\text{p}\text{)}\text{k}{}_{\mathrm{l}}\text{(}\text{D}\text{d}\text{)}\text{G}$ coincides within the error limits with the slope of the T_p/G vs D/d plot.     

Magnetism and structural chemistry of ternary silicides: (RE,Th, U)Pt2Si2 (RE = rare earth)

Ternary silicides (RE, U, Th)Pt₂Si₂ have been prepared from the elements. All the compounds (RE= Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and U, Th) were found to be isotypic and crystallize with the primitive tetragonal CePt₂Si₂-type structure closely related to the CaBe₂Ge₂-type. The magnetic properties of these alloys were studied in the temperature range 1.5 K < T < 1100 K and in fields up to 1.3 T revealing a typical Van Vleck paramagnetism of free RE³⁺-ions for temperatures T > 200 K. A nonmagnetic ground state is reflected from the magnetic susceptibility data of CePt₂Si₂, which are interpreted in terms of interconfiguration fluctuations (ICF). The magnetic results of SmPt₂Si₂ (μ_eff = 0.7 BM) compare well with the ideal Van Vleck behavior of Sm₃₊ ions with a $\text{J =}\text{5}\text{2}$ ground state and a low-lying excited first level $\text{J =}\text{7}\text{2}$. At temperatures below 40 K antiferromagnetic ordering is found for (Gd, Tb, U)Pt₂Si₂; whereas in case of (Dy, Ho, Er, Tm)Pt₂Si₂ the onset of ferromagnetism is indicated below 4 K. None of the samples exhibited a superconducting transition above 1.8 K.     

Specific heat of (C6H11NH3) CuCl3 (CHAC), a system of ferromagnetic chains

The heat capacity of (C₆H₁₁NH₃) CuCl₃ (CHAC) has been measured for 0.45 < T < 60 K. Three-dimensional ordering is observed at T = 2.214 K. The data in the paramagnetic region can be described by a ferromagnetic $\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$ Heisenberg linear chain model system with J/k = +45 ± 5K.     

Reduced density matrices of a system of N coupled oscillators: 4. The eigenstructure of the p-particle matrices for the 2-temperature canonical ensemble

It is proved that the reduced p-particle matrix (p?N) corresponding to a 2-temperature equilibrium state of a system of N coupled oscillators (the two temperatures T_tr and T_re1 relating to the translational and relative motion of the latter) coincides with the density matrix of a two-temperature canonical ensemble of an effective system of p coupled oscillators, the effective temperature T?_re1 being equal to T_re1 while $\text{T}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{tr}}\text{≠T}{}_{\mathrm{tr}}$, and in particular $\text{T}\text{?}{}_{\mathrm{tr}}\text{>0}$ for T_tr=0.     

Connections between thermodynamic quantities and vacancy and diffusion characteristics in binary metallic solid solutions

With the use of the similarity of interatomic potentials relations concerning vacancy and diffusion characteristics in disordered regular solid solutions have been derived. It has been shown that the vacancy concentration is constant along ifT_c(x) = T_A + (T_B ? T_A)x + 2ΔT_x(1?x), (T_A and T_B are the melting points of pure components A and B respectively, and ΔT is proportional to the excess enthalpy of mixing, x is the concentration of the atoms B) which is proportional to the binding energy of the crystal. The validity conditions of several empirical rules known in the literature are also analyzed. It has been found that the generalization of the well-known rule for self- and impurity diffusion in pure metals has the following form In $\text{D}{}_0{}^{\mathrm{z}}\text{(x) ～ p}\text{Q}{}^{\mathrm{z}}\text{(x)}\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{c}}\text{(x)}$ (Z = AorB) where p is a constant for alloys having identical structures (D₀^z(x) and Q^z(x) denote the preexponential factors and the activation energies respectively). The results calculated from the relations derived were compared with experimental data for tracer diffusion in the systems AgAu, CuNi (having slight deviation from regularity), Pb-Tl (showing ordering phenomena) and AlZn (clustering effects) and a good agreement was found.     

Interpretation of charge transfer bands in Fe doped SrTiO3 crystals

The electronic structures of SrTiO₃ crystals doped with Fe³⁺, Fe⁴⁺ and Fe⁵⁺ ions have been investigated using the Xα cluster approach. The ground-state eigenvalues show the lower Fe acceptor level, of t_2g↓ symmetry, localized inside the SrTiO₃ band gap, respectively at 2.8 eV $\text{(}\text{Fe}{}^{\mathrm{3+}}\text{, S =}\text{5}\text{2}\text{), 1.6}\text{eV}\text{(}\text{Fe}{}^{\mathrm{4+}}\text{, S = 1)}\text{or}\text{1.1}\text{eV}\text{(}\text{Fe}{}^{\mathrm{4+}}\text{, S = 0)}\text{and}\text{1.1}\text{eV}\text{(}\text{Fe}{}^{\mathrm{5+}}\text{, S =}\text{3}\text{2}\text{)}$ above the valence band edge. Other acceptor levels, with eg↓ and eg↑ symmetries, appear inside the gap when the Fe nominal ionicity increases.The theoretical Xα excitation energies of O 2p-Fe 3d transitions confirms the experimental interpretations of acceptor charge transfer bands for the optical absorption spectra of SrTiO₃:Fe⁴⁺ and SrTiO₃:Fe⁵⁺ crystals.The large optical excitation energies compared with the thermal transitions are partly due to the O 2p band width.     

The microwave spectrum of the SiCl radical

The microwave spectrum of ²⁸Si³⁵Cl, the most abundant isotopic species of the silicon monochloride radical, was observed in both the ${}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ and ${}^2\text{Π}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ spin states of the ground vibronic state. The SiCl radical was produced in a flow cell by a dc discharge in SiCl₄. The observed transitions were $\text{J =}\text{7}\text{2}\text{←}\text{5}\text{2}\text{up to}\text{21}\text{2}\text{←}\text{19}\text{2}$ for both the spin states, and the observed frequencies were subjected to the least-squares analysis to yield accurate molecular constants as follows: B₀ = 7652.3048(23), D₀ = 0.007017(14), A_J = ?0.8392(16), p₀ + 2q₀ = 138.660(98), q₀ = 0.20(17), $\text{a + (b + c)}\text{2}\text{= 37.50(28)}$, $\text{a ? (b + c)}\text{2}\text{= 49.84(73)}$, b = 9(12), d = 46.40(94), and eQq₁ = ?23.13(96), all in MHz with 3σ in parentheses. The positive sign of the Λ-doubling constant, p₀, indicates that the contributions of ²Σ^? states dominate over those of ²Σ⁺ states. The spin and orbital averages of the unpaired-electron distribution were calculated from the observed hyperfine coupling constants and were discussed in terms of the electronic structure of the molecule.     

Transverse momenta of partons and dimuons in QCD

Intrinsic (primordial) transverse momenta of quarks and gluons are calculated as well as those arising from recoil (bremsstrahlung) effects, using only the well-known parton distributions as input. The intrinsic k_T's lie typically in the range of 150–250 MeV. Recent approaches using heuristic integro-differential equations for k_T distributions of partons are shown to disagree with the results obtained by rigorous QCD calculations. The transverse momenta of dimuon pairs produced in pp → μ⁺μ^? + X at the ISR can be solely explained by dynamical recoil effects, i.e., $\text{q}\text{q}\text{→(μ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{μ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}\text{g and gq}\text{→(μ}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{μ}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{)}\text{q}$, and no significant intrinsic transverse parton momenta are required. These dimuon transverse momenta show a pronounced energy dependence which could be easily tested at the CERN ISR. The only disagreement occurs for the average dimuon 〈p_T²〉, but not for 〈p_T〉, observed in pN collisions. Possibilities to resolve this problem are discussed. Our results are also compared with previous theoretical analyses.     

Subject index for volume 88

The emission and excitation spectra of the aromatic thioketone xanthione have been measured in Shpolskii matrices at 15 K. Under these conditions a sharp and rich vibrational structure is observed in the lowest triplet and the first and second excited singlet states. The phosphorescence excitation spectrum places the origin of the T₁ ← S₀ transition at 15 143 cm^?1, while that of the $\text{S}{}_1\text{(n, π}{}^1\text{) ← S}{}_0$ absorption is tentatively assigned to the band at 16 093 cm^?1. The phosphorescence spectrum, which shows only a weak CS stretch vibrational band, is dominated by ring vibrations. In accordance with the previous analysis of ODMR measurements, it is suggested that T₁ and T₂ states are energetically very close, thereby resulting in a lowest triplet state of heavily mixed n, $\text{π}{}^1\text{-π}$, $\text{π}{}^1$ character. No mirror-image relationship is found between the relatively strong S₂ → S₀ fluorescence and the excitation spectrum of the $\text{S}{}_2\text{(π, π}{}^1\text{) ← S}{}_0$ transition. The latter is dominated by a long, pronounced 336-cm^?1 progression.     

Superconducting—normal phase boundaries of (La,Th)Ce systems

The dependence of the superconducting transition temperature T_c on Ce impurity concentration n is reported for various ($\text{La, Th}$)Ce systems. These results document for the first time the evolution of the superconducting— normal phase boundary (T_c vs n curve) as an impurity undergoes magnetic- nonmagnetic transition which for Ce impurities in ($\text{La, Th}$)Ce systems proceeds with increasing Th concentration. Observed for only the second time, re-entrant T_c vs n curves are reported for two La-rich La, Th host compositions.     

Inclusive π electroproduction in the deep inelastic region

Using 20.5 GeV electrons on protons, we measured inclusive π⁰'s (of transverse momentum, p_T, from 0 to 1.4 GeV/c) produced by virtual photons of energy, ν, from 4 to 16.5 GeV and four-momentum squared, q², from ?1.8 to ?8.5 (GeV/c)². Comparing with charged pion data, we find , supporting the quark model. Photon knockout of a quark is favored as the interpretation of these data because of scaling in z = E_π/ν and similarity in z-dependence of other pion production data. Consistent with this interpretation are the dependence of 〈p_T〉 on q², the azimuthal dependence, and fits to the constituent interchange model. We also observe a possible p_T^?4 dependence at large |q²| over a limited p_T range.     

V4+ in SrTiO3: A Jahn-Teller impurity

EPR results of V⁴⁺, with $\text{S =}\text{1}\text{2}$, in SrTiO₃ are reported. The tetragonal local symmetry of the impurity ion is related to strong T_2g × ?_g coupling as evidenced by intensity variations in the presence of stress. At 4.2 K the V⁴⁺ EPR behaviour is related to the intrinsic local strain in SrTiO₃.     

NMR study of one-dimensional ionic conductor with hollandite-type structure. II. Frequency dependence of spin-lattice relaxation time of 27Al

Frequency dependence of spin-lattice relaxation time T₁ of ²⁷Al in one-dimensional K⁺ ion conductor, K-Al-priderite, was measured at 45 K in the frequency range from 10.1 MHz to 55 MHz. It is found that T₁ is proportional to ω^1.49±0.05 and agrres well with the $\text{ω}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}$ dependence derived by the continuum diffusion model. The intrinsic activation energy is determined to be 0.058 eV by doubling the slope E_NMR=0.029 eV of the d(ln T₁)/dT curve in the low temperature region. The frequency dependence of T₁ in the high temperature region measured in the frequency range from 11.5 MHz to 20.8 MHz shows a tendency that the frequency dependence becomes smaller than the $\text{ω}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ dependence as temperature is raised above 450 K.     

Production of direct single electrons in proton-nucleus collisions at 13 GeV/c

Direct production of single electrons in proton-nucleus collisions at 13 GeV/c has been measured. A rising $\text{e}\text{π}$ ratio with decreasing p_T above the 10^?4 level is observed for low p_T single electrons. The source of the rising $\text{e}\text{π}$ ratio at low $\text{e}\text{π}$ ratio at low p_T is discussed in connection with the low mass dielectron continuum below the ? mass region.