剪切速率对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土悬浮体触变性的影响

研究了测定条件对Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物（简称MMH）/钠质蒙脱土（简 称MT）混合悬浮体及纯MT体系触变性的影响，主要考察了高速剪切分散后，剪切速 率（D_L）对粘度（η）～时间（t）变化趋势的影响。发现纯的MT体系和MMH/MT质 量比（R）为0.013的Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/MT体系在所研究的D_L下（10，170，511和1 022 s~(-1)）都呈现为正触变性，D_L不影响触变性类型。R = 0.051的体系，低 D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性，高D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现 正触变性；R = 0.091的体系在低D_L时（10和170 s~(-1)）呈现负触变性，在高 D_L时（511和1 022 s~(-1)）呈现复合触变性。D_L增加，各体系η逐渐降低。对 D_L影响触变性的机理进行了深入探讨。     

Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土分散体系触变性研究

研究了Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)/钠质蒙脱土(简称MT)分散体系的触变性,发现在不同MMH/MT质量比(R)条件下,分散体系可分别呈现正触变性和负触变性.在所研究的R范围(0～0.091)内,随R增大,体系的触变性发生正触变性-复合触变性-负触变性的转化.考察了高速剪切分散后,测定粘度变化前的静置时间(ts)和测定粘度时的剪切速率(DL)对触变性的影响.探讨了各种触变性产生的原因,提出了“分散粒子-空间连续网络结构-密实聚集体”和“分散粒子-密实聚集体-密实聚集体簇”机理,较合理地解释了观察到的复合触变现象.     

Fe—AI—Mg—MMH／钠质蒙脱土分散体系触变性研究

研究了Fe-AI-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物（简称MMH）／钠质蒙脱土（简称MT）分散体系的触变性,发现在不同MMH／MT质量比（R）条件下,分散体系可呈现正触变性和负触变性。在所研究的R范围（0－0．91）内, 随R增大,体系的触变性发生正触变性－复合触变性－负触变性的转化。考察了高速剪切分散后,测定粘度变化前的列置时间（ts)和测定粘度时的剪切速率（DL)对触变性的影响。探讨了各种触变性产生的原因,提出了“分散粒子－空间连续网络结构－密实聚集体”和“分散粒子－密实聚集体－密产聚集体簇”机理,较合理地解释了观察到的复合触变现象。     

pH值对Fe-Al-Mg-MMH/钠质蒙脱土悬浮体触变性的影响

研究了pH值对Fe-Al-Mg型混合金属氢氧化物／钠质蒙脱土（简称MMH／MT）悬浮体触变性的影响。发现pH值能影响其触变性类型：m(MMH)/m(MT)(下文中以R表示）较低时（0，0．013和0．051），随着pH增高，体系有由负触变性－复合触变性－正触谱性转变的趋势；而R较高的体系（R＝0．091），随pH的增高，体系由复合触变性向负触变性转化。探讨了各种触变性产生的原因和pH的影响机理。     

Mg-Fe-MMH-钠质蒙脱土分散体系的触变性研究

触变性是分散体系一种复杂的流变学性质,指流变性质随剪切时间而发生变化的现象。以往研究过程中,先后发现了切稀现象和切稠现象,即正触变性和负触变性。最近,我们又发现了复合触变性,即一个体系可先后呈现正触变性和负触变性特征。研究了Mg-Fe型混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)-钠质蒙脱土(简称MT)分散体系的触变性,发现在不同MMH/MT质量比条件下,可分别呈现正触变性、负触变性,另外双观察到了复合触变性。在所研究的MMH/MT质量比范围(0～0.5)内,随MMH/MT质量比增大,体系的触变性发生负触变性-正触变性-复合触变性-负触变性的转化。考察了电解质NaCl对触变性的影响,发现不改变触变性的类型。探讨了各种触变性产生的原因,提出了“分散粒子-空间连续网络结构-密实聚集体”机理,较合理地解释了观察到的复合触变现象。     

Mg-Fe-HTIc／高岭土悬浮体流变性研究

研究了Mg—Fe类水滑石(HTIc)／高岭土(kaolinite)悬浮体的质量比（R)对其流变性和触变性的影响，发现控制剪切速率(D)得到的屈服应力(τy)和控制剪切应力(τ)得到的临界剪切应力(τc)皆随R拘增大先降低后升高．小幅振荡剪切实验发现随R的增大，体系由正触变性转化为复合触变性，其中用小幅振荡剪切法在线性粘弹区发现复合触变性体系还是首次．恒剪切速率(DL)实验发现了震荡现象，即粘度随时间发生周期性升高和降低的变化．震荡现象与DL和R有关，较高的DL和尺可使震荡现象消失．测定粘度随时间变化时采用的低剪切速率(DL)影响体系的触变性类型．根据HTIc和kaolinite粒子间的相互作用对实验结果的机理进行了探讨．     

pH值对Mg-Al-MMH-高岭土分散体系触变性的影响

研究了pH值对纯高岭土和Mg-Al-混合金属氢氧化物(简称MMH)-高岭土分散体系触变性的影响. 实验证明, pH在3.60~12.00范围内, 纯高岭土分散体系的触变性类型不受pH值的影响,均表现为正触变性. Mg-Al-MMH/高岭土质量比(R) = 0.029的Mg-Al-MMH-高岭土分散体系, 在所研究的pH值范围内(3.83~12.00), 随pH的增加由复合触变性转变为正触变性. R = 0.129的Mg-Al-MMH-高岭土分散体系, 在所研究的pH范围内(3.70~11.96), 随pH的增加由正触变性转变为复合触变性.     

羧甲基纤维素钠/蒙脱土悬浮体系的流变性能及其影响因素

考察了蒙脱土(MT)质量分数(w)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)/MT质量比(R)、电解质(NaCl、MgCl2和AlCl3)、pH值和温度对MT或CMC/MT悬浮体系流变性能和触变性的影响。 结果表明,随w增加,纯MT悬浮体系的流体类型由近牛顿流体向塑型流体变化,触变类型则由无触变、正触变向复合触变性转变;而CMC/MT悬浮体系仍保持MT体系的正触变塑型流体特征,但屈服值τ0和稠度指数K增加,滞后环面积S和电动电势|ζ|先增加后减小,表现出同步变化。 电解质和实验温度均不改变CMC/MT悬浮体系的正触变性塑型流体特征,但电解质使τ0和K增加,而温度增加使τ0和K减小。 随介质pH值的增加,CMC/MT体系由负触变性变为正触变性,|ζ|增大,S先增加后减小,且在pH=8.46时达到最大。     

铝/镁混合金属氢氧化物正电胶体粒子体系的触变性

采用恒定低剪切速率方法和动态实验方法研究了铝/镁混合金属氢氧化物(MMH)悬浮体的流变性,着重考察了剪切历史和恢复时间等因素对悬浮体触变性的影响,发现MMH粒子深度的增加使得悬浮体从粘性流体变为“类固体”;恒定低剪切速率方法和动态实验方法研究悬浮体的结构恢复过程给出了不同的结果,唯象地解释了MMH悬浮体触变性产生的原因,认为触变性结构是由于粒子间的静电排斥作用而形成的,与粘土悬浮体相比,两者的流变性具有诸多相似之处,只是所带电荷符号相反。     

Mg-Al MMH对除虫脲水悬浮剂流变性的影响

研究了Mg-Al型混合金属氢氧化物(MMH)质量分数(w)、温度和无机电解质对除虫脲水悬浮剂流变性的影响, 并采用Herschel-Buckley模型对流变曲线进行拟合. 实验结果表明, 稠度指数(KH)及屈服值(τH)均随w的增大而增大, w越大, 体系假塑性越明显, 且当w达到一定值后体系产生正触变性; 温度升高, KH和τH增大, 但不影响体系“剪切变稀”的假塑性特征和正触变性; 不同浓度的电解质对体系KH和τH的影响程度不同, 对于相同浓度的NaCl 和CaCl2, CaCl2对体系的影响更为显著, 但电解质的加入不改变体系“剪切变稀”的假塑性特征及正触变性.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -