Finitely starlike sets whose F-stars have positive measure

Let and assume that there is a countable collection of lines {L _i : 1 i} such that (int cl S) and ((int cl S) S) L _i has one-dimensional Lebesgue measure zero, 1 i. Then every 4 point subset ofS sees viaS a set of positive two-dimensional Lebesgue measure if and only if every finite subset ofS sees viaS such a set. Furthermore, a parallel result holds with two-dimensional replaced by one-dimensional. Finally, setS is finitely starlike if and only if every 5 points ofS see viaS a common point. In each case, the number 4 or 5 is best possible.Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-8705336.     

Clear visibility,starshaped sets,and finitely starlike sets

Let S be an arbitrary nonempty set in R^d. The following results are true for every k, 0kd: the dimension of ker S is at least k if and only if every countable family of boundary points of S is clearly visible from a common k-dimensional neighborhood in S. Similarly, ker S contains a k-dimensional -neighborhood if and only if every countable family of boundary points of S is clearly visible from a common k-dimensional -neighborhood in S.In the plane, we have the following results concerning finitely starlike sets: for S an arbitrary nonempty set in R², S is finitely starlike if every three points of cl S are clearly visible from a common point of S. In case S –R² and int cl SS=, then S is finitely starlike if and only if every three points of S are visible from a common point of S. In each case, the number 3 is best possible.     

Extremal feedback perturbations for families of closed operators

Let T- S, be a family of not necessarily bounded semi-Fredholm operators, where T and S are operators acting between Banach spaces X and Y, and where S is bounded with D(S) D(T). For compact sets , as well as for certain open sets , we investigate existence and minimal rank of bounded feedback perturbations of the form F=BE such that min.ind (T-S+F)=0 for all . Here B is a given operator from a linear space Z to Y and E is some operator from X to Z.We give a simple characterization of that situation, when such regularizing feedback perturbations exist and show that for compact sets the minimal rank never exceeds max { min.ind (T-S) }+1. Moreover, an example shows that the minimal rank, in fact, may increase from max {...} to max {...}+1, if the given B enforces a certain structure of the feedbachk perturbation F.However, the minimal rank is equal to max { min.ind (T-S) }, if is an open set such that min.ind (T-S) already vanishes for all but finitely many points . We illustrate this result by applying it to the stabilization of certain infinite-dimensional dynamical systems in Hilbert space.     

Points of local nonconvexity,clear visibility,and starshaped sets in Rd

Let S be a compact, connected, locally starshaped set in R^d, S not convex. For every point of local nonconvexity q of S, define A_q to be the subset of S from which q is clearly visible via S. Then ker S = {conv A_q: q lnc S}. Furthermore, if every d+1 points of local nonconvexity of S are clearly visible from a common d-dimensional subset of S, then dim ker S = d.     

Determining starshaped sets and unions of starshaped sets by their sections

Let S be a compact set in R^d. Let p be a fixed point of S and let k be a fixed integer, 1 k <d. Then S is starshaped with p ker S if and only if for every k-dimensional flat F through p, F S is starshaped. Moreover, an analogue of this result holds for unions of starshaped sets as well.     

Some tilings of the plane whose singular points are uncountable and unbounded

Let I be a tiling of the plane such that for every tile T of I there correspond a tile T of I (not necessarily unique) and an integer k(T, T) (depending on T and T), k(T, T)>2, such that T meets T in k(T, T) connected components. Tiles T and T satisfying this condition are called associated tiles in I. Various properties concerning I and its singular points are obtained. First, it is not possible that every tile in I have a unique associated tile. In fact, there exist infinite families of tiles {F} {F _n:n1} such that F is the unique associated tile for every F _n. Next, if x is a singular point of I, then every neighborhood of x contains uncountably many singular points of I. Finally, the set of singular points of I is unbounded.     

On the discrete mean square of Dirichlet <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis>-functions at 1

There have been many results obtained so far for the mean square of the (absolute) value of the Dirichlet L-function L(s,) in the critical strip 0<<1, especially on the critical line , but relatively few results were known for discrete mean value of |L(1,)|² till W. Zhang had published papers improving the error term step by step, which have recently been superseded by M. Katsurada and K.Matsumoto in which they succeeded in deriving an asymptotic formula for ₀|L(1,)|². The object of our paper is to point out a structural property contained in the formation of the mean square, to find out the niryana–the true body of the above sum.Dedicated to Professor Jean Louis Nicolás on his sixtieth birthdayin final form: 7 October 2003     

Improved Krasnosel'skii theorems for the dimension of the kernel of a starshaped set

We will establish the following improved Krasnosel'skii theorems for the dimension of the kernel of a starshaped set: For each k and d, 0 k d, define f(d,k) = d+1 if k = 0 and f(d,k) = max{d+1,2d–2k+2} if 1 k d.Theorem 1. Let S be a compact, connected, locally starshaped set in R^d, S not convex. Then for a k with 0 k d, dim ker S k if and only if every f(d, k) lnc points of S are clearly visible from a common k-dimensional subset of S.Theorem 2. Let S be a nonempty compact set in R^d. Then for a k with 0 k d, dim ker S k if and only if every f (d, k) boundary points of S are clearly visible from a common k-dimensional subset of S. In each case, the number f(d, k) is best possible for every d and k.     

A characterization theorem for tilings having countably many singular points

LetT be a tiling of the plane. At most countably many points of U{bdry T T inT} fail to lie in a nondegenerate edge ofT if and only ifT has at most countably many singular points. The result fails without the requirement that the edges be nondegenerate. Moreover, countably many cannot be replaced by finitely many in the theorem.     

Tilings of polygons with similar triangles

We prove that if a polygonP is decomposed into finitely many similar triangles then the tangents of the angles of these triangles are algebraic over the field generated by the coordinates of the vertices ofP. IfP is a rectangle then, apart from four sporadic cases, the triangles of the decomposition must be right triangles. Three of these sporadic triangles tile the square. In any other decomposition of the square into similar triangles, the decomposition consists of right triangles with an acute angle such that tan is a totally positive algebraic number. Most of the proofs are based on the following general theorem: if a convex polygonP is decomposed into finitely many triangles (not necessarily similar) then the coordinate system can be chosen in such a way that the coordinates of the vertices ofP belong to the field generated by the cotangents of the angles of the triangles in the decomposition.This work was completed while the author had a visiting position at the Mathematical Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.     

Approximation under an arc length constraint

Let f C[a, b]. LetP be a subset ofC[a, b], L b – a be a given real number. We say thatp P is a best approximation tof fromP, with arc length constraintL, ifA[p] _b ^a [1 + (p(x)) ²]dx L andp – f q – f for allq P withA[q] L. represents an arbitrary norm onC[a, b]. The constraintA[p] L might be interpreted physically as a materials constraint.In this paper we consider the questions of existence, uniqueness and characterization of constrained best approximations. In addition a bound, independent of degree, is found for the arc length of a best unconstrained Chebyshev polynomial approximation.The work of L. L. Keener is supported by the National Research Council of Canada Grant A8755.     

Krasnosel'skii numbers for bounded finitely starlike sets inR d

For eachk andd, 1kd, definef(d, d)=d+1 andf(d, k)=2d if 1kd–1. The following results are established:Let be a uniformly bounded collection of compact, convex sets inR ^d . For a fixedk, 1kd, dim {MM in }k if and only if for some > 0, everyf(d, k) members of contain a commonk-dimensional set of measure (volume) at least.LetS be a bounded subset ofR ^d . Assume that for some fixedk, 1kd, there exists a countable family of (k–l)-flats {H _i :i1} inR ^d such that clS S {H_i i 1 } and for eachi1, (clS S) H _i has (k–1) dimensional measure zero. Every finite subset ofS sees viaS a set of positivek-dimensional measure if and only if for some>0, everyf(d,k) points ofS see viaS a set ofk-dimensional measure at least .The numbers off(d,d) andf(d, 1) above are best possible.Supported in part by NSF grant DMS-8705336.     

A sandwich theorem and Hyers—Ulam stability of affine functions

It is shown that two real functionsf andg, defined on a real intervalI, satisfy the inequalitiesf(x + (1 – )y) g(x) + (1 – )g(y) andg(x + (1 – )y) f(x) + (1 – )f(y) for allx, y I and [0, 1], iff there exists an affine functionh: I such thatf h g. As a consequence we obtain a stability result of Hyers—Ulam type for affine functions.     

Optimal boundary regularity for minimal surfaces with a free boundary

Let x(w), w=u+iv B, be a minimal surface in ³ which is bounded by a configuration , S consisting of an arc and of a surface S with boundary. Suppose also that x(w) is area minimizing with respect to , S. Under appropriate regularity assumptions on and S, we can prove that the first derivatives of x(u, v) are Hölder continuous with the exponent =1/2 up to the free part of B which is mapped by x(w) into S. An example shows that this regularity result is optimal.     

The caratheodory number for thek-core

Thek-core of the setS ⁿ is the intersection of the convex hull of all setsA S with ¦SA¦<-k. The Caratheodory number of thek-core is the smallest integerf (d,k) with the property thatx core _{kS, S} ⁿ implies the existence of a subsetT S such thatx core_kT and ¦T¦f (d, k). In this paper various properties off(d, k) are established.Research of this author was partially supported by Hungarian National Science Foundation grant no. 1812.     

On the solution of a generalized Schrödinger-type equation

Lu(t)+(u,F)g(t)=f(t), tS. , ( F, g). .

---

---

The authors wish to thank Professor Yu. A. Rozanov for his help and discussions.     

On a characterization of the support functions

Letf:S ^n–1 be a support function. Then, for everya , if the functionu f(u)–a, u has a negative minimum, then a unique argument exists for which this minimum is attained. It is shown that the converse holds true under some obvious restrictions onf. A perturbation theorem for the space (S ^n–1) is given as an application.     

Parabolische Kollineationen,die eine ebene konvexe Menge invariant lassen

Collineations ₁, ₂ of PG(2, ) leaving invariant a compact convex setK ² are called parabolic if |K Fix _i|=1. Conditions are stated under which the existence of ₁, ₂ imply that K is an ellipse.

Herrn Helmut R. Salzmann zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet     

On the convergence in a restricted sense of multiple series

Z ^d — k=(k ₁, ...,k _d) k _j,d1.d- (8), . . a _k s _m= a _k s, >0 N, min (m ₁,...,m _d)N, ¦s _m–s¦. , , >0 N, min (m ₁,...,m _d)N min (n ₁,...,n _d)N, ¦s _m–s _n. . , (8) , >0 N, max (b ₁,...,b _d) N, m — Z ^d , m1, ¦s(b, m)¦ where      

On near dimensions in Steiner systems with parallelism and matroids

In this paper we introduce two near dimensions d_m, d in a 3-(v,q,1) Steiner system with parallelism S, and we shall prove that d(S) d_m(S)-1; moreover we provide examples of matroids, starting from particular Steiner systems with parallelism.