使用不同阴极缓冲层提升性能的反型有机太阳能电池

使用含Al_q3、Bphen、BCP、HATNA和Cs₂CO₃作为阴极缓冲层,制备了基于SubPc和C₆₀的反型平面异质结有机太阳能电池. 比较了有机阴极缓冲层的最低未占有分子轨道和电子迁移率对有机太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果显示,Al_q3、Bphen和HATNA能够大幅度提升器件的性能. 使用退火过后的HATNA作为阴极缓冲层获得了最高的效率,比没有阴极缓冲层的器件提升了7倍. 另外,使用空间电荷限制电流理论进行仿真的结果表明,通过加入HATNA作阴极缓冲层,反型有机太阳能电池结构中处于有机/电极界面处的肖特基势垒降低了27%.     

Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Improved Performance Using Bathophenanthroline as a Buffer Layer

采用Bphen作为缓冲层,研究Bphen处在电子受体材料C₆₀和阴极Ag之间对有机薄膜光伏电池(OPV)性能的影响．通过引入2.5nm厚的Bphen,在100 mW/cm²光照下,CuPc/C₆₀结构的器件效率从0.87%提高到2.25%． 对光生电流-电压的分析表明,Bphen缓冲层可以有效的提高电子从C₆₀层向Ag阴极的传输能力和平衡器件中载流子的传输能力．系统研究了Bphen厚度对OPV器件性能的影响,发现随着Bphen厚度的增加,电导率的降低是限制器件性能的主要原因．此外,采用紫外-可见光分光光度计测试了器件的吸收光谱,发现Bphen缓冲层可以增强CuPc/C₆₀的光吸收能力．     

缓冲夹层影响异质结有机光伏器件性能研究

制备了结构为CuPc/缓冲层/C₆₀异质结的有机光伏器件,分别选用三氧化钼和红荧烯为缓冲层,研究了增加缓冲层对器件性能的影响.结果表明,增加三氧化钼和红荧烯缓冲层后器件的开路电压和光电转换效率都得到提高,器件的短路电流密度和填充因子都有所降低.开路电压从没有缓冲层时的0.39 V分别提高到0.58 V、0.55 V,转换效率从0.36%提高到0.44%,短路电流从1.92 mA/cm²分别降低到1.77 mA/cm²、1.81 mA/cm²,填充因子从0.48分别减少到0.43、0.44.进一步研究表明器件的短路电流密度受缓冲层厚度的影响很大,当缓冲层厚度很小时,器件短路电流密度还有所增加,但随着缓冲层厚度的增加,短路电流密度逐渐减小,当缓冲层厚度为10 nm时,器件短路电流密度减少到0.35 mA/cm².开路电压随着厚度的增加逐渐增加,从1 nm时的0.43 V增加10 nm时0.63 V.根据整数电荷转移模型和界面能级理论解释有机光伏器件开路电压提高以及短路电流密度减少的原因,为有机太阳能电池性能的改善提供了研究方法.     

FePc与TiO2(110)及C60界面电子结构研究

基于C₆₀受体和有机分子给体的太阳能电池是目前非常重要的一个研究热点, 利用同步辐射真空紫外光电子能谱(SRUPS) 技术研究了酞菁铁(FePc)与TiO₂(110)及C₆₀的界面电子结构, 以及FePc与C₆₀分子混合薄膜的电子结构. SRUPS价带谱显示, FePc沉积在化学计量比与还原态两种不同的TiO₂(110)表面时, FePc分子的HOMO能级均随FePc厚度的变化发生了移动, 而在化学计量比的TiO₂(110)表面位移较大, 同时发生界面能带弯曲, 说明存在从有机层向衬底的电子转移. 在FePc/C₆₀和C₆₀/FePc界面形成过程中, FePc与C₆₀分子的最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)位移大小基本相同. 由界面能级排列发现, 在FePc与C₆₀的混合薄膜中, FePc分子的HOMO与C₆₀分子的最高占据分子轨道能级差较大, 这有利于提高器件开路电压, 改善器件性能.     

4,4′,4″-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺掺杂MoOx作为空穴传输层对有机太阳电池性能的影响

通过采用4,4′,4″-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺 (m-MTDATA)掺入MoO_x作为器件的空穴传输层来提高酞菁铜(CuPc)/C₆₀小分子 有机太阳电池的效率. 采用真空蒸镀的方法制备了一系列器件, 其中结构为铟锡氧化物 (ITO)/m-MTDATA:MoO_x(3:1)(30 nm)/CuPc(20 nm)/C₆₀(40 nm)/4,7-二苯 基-1,10-菲罗啉 (Bphen)(8 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm)的器件, 在AM1.5 (100 mW/cm²)模拟太阳光的照射条件下, 开路电压V_oc=0.40 V, 短路电流J_sc=6.59 mA/cm², 填充因子为0.55, 光电转换效率达1.46%, 比没有空穴传输层的器件ITO/CuPc(20 nm)/C₆₀(40 nm)/Bphen(8 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(100 nm) 光电转换效率提高了38%. 研究表明, 加入m-MTDATA:MoO_x(3:1)(30 nm)空穴传输层减小了有机层和ITO电极之间的接触电阻, 从而减小了整个器件的串联电阻, 提高了器件的光电转换效率.     

富勒烯掺杂NPB空穴传输层的有机电致发光器件

报道了不同掺杂浓度NPB：C₆₀（富勒烯）作为空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件性能的影响.采用真空热蒸镀方法,制作了ITO/ NPB：C₆₀ （x % ）/Alq₃/LiF/Mg:Ag结构的四种有机电致发光器件.当NPB：C₆₀的掺杂浓度是15％时,器件的启亮电压是4 V,最大亮度是11000 cd/m².然而,当NPB：C₆₀的掺杂浓度是20％时,器件的最大亮度降     

利用不同阴极缓冲层来改善Pentacene/C60太阳能电池的性能

制备了结构为ITO/Pentacene/C₆₀/Al的双层光伏电池器件,在C₆₀/Al界面插入了常用的缓冲层材料bathocuproine(BCP)作为阴极缓冲层,通过优化BCP层的厚度来提高电池的性能并研究了阴极缓冲层的作用机理.实验发现,BCP厚度为10 nm时器件的效率最高,为0.46%.在此基础上,利用bathophenanthroline(Bphen)和3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarb-oxylicdianhydride(PTCDA 关键词： 有机太阳能电池 Pentacene 60')" href="#">C₆₀ 缓冲层     

缓冲层提高有机聚合物光伏电池性能研究

在分析有机聚合物复合体光伏电池机理及等效电路模型基础上,研究了界面旋涂缓冲层对聚合物给体/受体复合体结构光伏器件性能的影响.制备了基于P3HT/PCBM的给体 受体复合体薄膜有机光伏电池,并分别在有机活性层和ITO基底之间以及有机活性层和电极之间插入TFB和F8BT缓冲层.实验证明：在ITO和活性层之间旋涂TFB作为阳极缓冲层,可增加有机聚合物光伏器件的短路电流,在活性层和电极之间插入F8BT作为阴极缓冲层,可增大光伏器件的开路电压,提高器件的转换效率.     

复合阴极缓冲层Alq_3∶CsF对CuPc/C_(60)电池性能的影响

通过Alq_3∶CsF复合阴极缓冲层来优化CuPc/C_(60)有机小分子太阳能电池的性能。当Alq_3∶CsF厚度为5nm,CsF的掺杂比例为4%时,加入复合阴极缓冲层器件较Alq_3阴极缓冲层器件的能量转化效率提高了49%,到达0.76%,并且在室温、大气的条件下,器件的稳定性也得到了保持,与未加阴极缓冲层的器件相比,半衰期提高了6倍,达到9.8h。通过紫外-可见吸收、外量子效率和单载流子传输器件等研究了器件效率改善的主要原因是掺入CsF后,调节界面能级,改善了Alq_3的电子传输特性,提高了器件的短路电流和填充因子。比较分析复合阴极缓冲层器件于空气中放置不同的时间的电流电压曲线,表明Alq_3∶CsF可以保持Alq_3的良好稳定性,可以很好地阻挡氧气与水分的扩散,提高器件的寿命。     

利用空间电荷限制电流方法确定三(8-羟基喹啉)铝的电子迁移率特性初步研究

材料的迁移率是其关键电学特性之一.有机材料迁移率的研究对于有机电致发光器件、 有机太阳电池、有机薄膜场效应晶体管性能的提高有重要的意义. 应用简单易行的空间电荷限制电流方法,对基于三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq₃) 的四种单载流子器件电流密度-电压曲线特性进行研究, 根据空间电荷限制电流模型,拟合出Alq₃材料在四种器件中的零场电子迁移率和电场依赖因子,并且给出Alq₃电子迁移率随外加偏压的变化趋势. 实验结果表明,顶电极铝蒸镀到缓冲层氟化锂(1 nm)和Alq₃ (100 nm)的表面后, 可以明显改善Alq₃的零场迁移率和电场依赖因子. 认为产生这种现象的原因是氟化锂可以使铝和Alq₃发生络合反应, 形成Li⁺¹Alq^-1粒子,形成良好的欧姆接触,使得电子的注入效率大大提高.     

Performance improvement of MEH-PPV:PCBM solar cells using bathocuproine and bathophenanthroline as the buffer layers

In this work, bathocuproine (BCP) and bathophenanthroline (Bphen), commonly used in small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs), are adopted as the buffer layers to improve the performance of the polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction. By inserting BCP or Bphen between the active layer and the top cathode, all the performance parameters are dramatically improved. The power conversion efficiency is increased by about 70% and 120% with 5-nm BCP and 12-nm Bphen layers, respectively, when compared with that of the devices without any buffer layer. The performance enhancement is attributed to BCP or Bphen (i) increasing the optical field, and hence the absorption in the active layer, (ii) effectively blocking the excitons generated in MEH-PPV from quenching at organic/aluminum (Al) interface due to the large band-gap of BCP or Bphen, which results in a significant reduction in series resistance (Rs), and (iii) preventing damage to the active layer during the metal deposition. Compared with the traditional device using LiF as the buffer layer, the BCP-based devices show a comparable efficiency, while the Bphen-based devices show a much larger efficiency. This is due to the higher electron mobility in Bphen than that in BCP, which facilitates the electron transport and extraction through the buffer layer to the cathode.     

Improvement of performance of tetraphenylporphyrin-based red organic light emitting diodes using WO3 and C60 buffer layers

One of the porphyrin derivatives, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), has been synthesized and examined as an emitter material (EM) for efficient fluorescent red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). By inserting a tungsten oxide (WO₃) layer into the interface of anode (ITO) and hole transport layer N,N′-Di-[(1-napthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) and by using fullerene (C₆₀) in contact with a LiF/Al cathode, the performance of devices was markedly improved. The current density–voltage–luminance (J–V–L) characterizations of the samples show that red OLEDs with both WO₃ and C₆₀ as buffer layers have a lower driving voltage and higher luminance compared with the devices without buffer layers. The red OLED with the configuration ITO/WO₃ (3 nm)/NPB (50 nm)/TPP (60 nm)/BPhen (30 nm)/C₆₀ (5 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (100 nm) achieved the high luminance of 6359 cd/m² at the low driving voltage of 8 V. At a current density of 20 mA/cm², a pure red emission with CIE coordinates of (0.65; 0.35) is observed for this device. Moreover, a power efficiency of 2.07 lm/W and a current efficiency of 5.17 cd/A at 20 mA/cm² were obtained for the fabricated devices. The study of the energy level diagram of the devices revealed that the improvement in performance of the devices with buffer layers could be attributed to lowering of carrier-injecting barrier and more balanced charge injection and transport properties.     

MoO_3阳极缓冲层对有机太阳电池性能的影响

研究了MoO3阳极缓冲层对基于CuPc/C60异质结的有机小分子太阳电池器件性能的影响。发现:MoO3阳极缓冲层略微降低了器件的短路电流、开路电压及能量转换效率;MoO3阳极缓冲层提高了器件的整流比;具有MoO3阳极缓冲层的器件在持续光照条件下连续工作20min,其主要性能参数(如短路电流、开路电压、填充因子及能量转换效率)无明显衰减,而没有MoO3阳极缓冲层的对比器件在相同条件下连续工作20min,其能量转换效率衰减了大约45%。研究结果表明:MoO3阳极缓冲层明显提高了基于CuPc/C60异质结的有机小分子太阳电池器件的稳定性,可能的原因主要是MoO3阳极缓冲层改善了ITO阳极和CuPc界面,抑制了因持续光照连续工作引起的界面老化,从而提高了器件的稳定性。     

Stable organic solar cells employing MoO3-doped copper phthalocyanine as buffer layer

A stable organic solar cell with structure of ITO/buffer/donor/acceptor/cathode is presented. A thin layer (5 nm) of MoO₃-doped CuPc is adopted as the buffer in CuPc/C₆₀ organic heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, resulting in two times longer lifetime. The surface morphology of buffer layer plays a decisive role in improving the stability.     

不同厚度的活性层及阴极的改变对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响

以MEH-PPV(poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene))为电子给体材料, PCBM(1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-1-phenyl-(6,6)C₆₁)为电子受体材料, 制成了共混体系太阳电池.研究了不同厚度活性层对太阳电池性能的影响.结果表明, 活性层厚度为100 nm时,太阳电池具有最佳性能.活性层厚度的增加,增大了光生电荷的复合,减少了太阳电池的填充因子,从而减少了太阳电 关键词： 太阳电池 厚度 电极 性能     

Quantum-chemical study of structure and spectral properties of triphenylamine-rhodanine dye 2-(5-(4-(diphenylamine)benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-3-yl) acetic acid

The structure and optical properties of triphenylamine-rhodanine dye 2-(5-(4-(diphenylamine)benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-3-yl) acetic acid, which is used as a sensitizer for nanocrystalline TiO₂ solar cells, are studied based on the density functional theory. The nature of the absorption of this dye in the visible and near UV regions is discussed within the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculations of the vertical excitation energies of the dye molecule taking into account the effect of solvent reveal a strong positive solvatochromic effect compared to the calculations in the vacuum approximation. The IR absorption bands of this dye in the region of 600–1850 cm⁻¹ are completely interpreted.     

A new coumarin laser dye 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-7-hydroxycoumarin

The electronic absorption, and emission spectra as well as fluorescence quantum yield of 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (BTHC) were measured in different solvents and are affected by solvent polarity (Δf). The deprotonation of BTHC by triethylamine is a reversible process. BTHC is relatively photostable, the quantum yield of photodecomposition (φ_c) was found to be 2×10⁻⁴ and 2.7×10⁻⁴ in EtOH and DMF, respectively. The fluorescence lifetimes of BTHC were measured in the absence and in the presence of molecular oxygen and were found to be 2.82 and 2.78 ns, respectively. BTHC acts as good laser dye upon pumping with nitrogen laser (λ_ex=337.1 nm) in ethanol and gives laser emission with maxima at 508 and 522 nm.     

4,7-二(2-溴代噻吩-5-基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-N-(1-辛基壬烷基)咔唑在ZnS(100)表面吸附的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(DFT/GGA)方法, 在PW91/DNP水平上研究了4,7-二(2-溴代噻吩-5-基)-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-N-(1-辛基壬烷基)咔唑(简称PC-DTBT)的低聚合物(PC-DTBT)n(n=1-5)的稳定性和化学活性. 结果表明: 随着聚合度增加, (PC-DTBT)n的稳定性降低, 化学活性增强. 采用密度泛函理论与周期性平板模型相结合的方法, 研究了PC-DTBT单体在ZnS(100)表面的吸附, 通过吸附前后化合物PC-DTBT的Mulliken charge和前线轨道分析表明: 当PC-DTBT吸附在ZnS (100)表面时, ZnS(100)表面向PC-DTBT转移0.200 e电荷, 前线轨道能隙变窄. 理论预测的结果与实验值吻合.