Synthesis of polyfunctional allenes by successive copper-mediated substitutions

Readily available 1,1-dichloro-2-alkynes are versatile starting materials for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized allenes. They can be prepared from commercially available terminal alkynes in a two-step procedure. The Cu-mediated reaction of several 1,1-propargylic derivatives with functionalized alkyl, benzylic, or allylic zinc reagents proceeds exclusively with S(N)2' selectivity and allows a rapid and efficient synthesis of functionalized chloroallenes. These chloroallenes undergo a novel Cu(I) -catalyzed substitution reaction with functionalized arylmagnesium reagents with excellent S(N)2 selectivity to give trisubstituted polyfunctionalized allenes. The functional group tolerance is excellent and functionalities, such as cyano, keto, ester, phosphate, trifluoromethyl, and halogens, are well tolerated.     

A Facile Synthesis of 1,3-Thiazole-4-sulfonyl Chlorides

A four-step preparative-scale synthesis of eight 2-alkyl- and arylsubstituted thiazole-4-sulfonyl chlorides from chloralamides is reported. Good yields and easy availability of starting materials are valuable advantages of the procedure that gives access to formerly unattainable building blocks.     

Synthesis of novel annulated uracils via domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels-Alder reaction in aqueous media

An efficient synthesis of tetracyclic uracil derivatives (polycyclic pyrans) is achieved via domino Knoevenagel-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of O-propargylated salicylaldehyde derivatives with 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid in water as solvent in the presence of CuI. The products are formed in good yields.     

Facile Synthesis of 4H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides

A short and efficient synthesis of the title compound based on racemate resolution is described.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,3]diazepines by a dipolar cycloaddition—retro-Mannich domino reaction

Microwave irradiation facilitated the synthesis of 4-arylthio-3-oxazolin-5-ones from ethyl cyanoformate, thiophenol, and cyclic ketones. Subsequent decarboxylation and in situ [3+2] cycloaddition provided novel 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]diazepine scaffolds after a spontaneous retro-Mannich domino reaction.     

Synthesis of 5-Alkyl(aryl)-2-alkylsulfanyl(alkoxy)-4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones

Alkyl carbamates and S-alkyl thiocarbamates react with substituted malonyl dichlorides in boiling benzene to give the corresponding 2,5-substituted 4-hydroxy-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-ones. The reaction of S-methyl thiocarbamate with unsubstituted malonyl dichloride in boiling diethyl ether or benzene leads to formation of S-methyl (3-methylsulfanylaminocarbonyl-3-oxopropionyl)thiocarbamate and is not accompanied by cyclization, whereas in boiling toluene 4-hydroxy-2-methylsulfanyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-one is obtained.__________Translated from Zhurnal Obshchei Khimii, Vol. 75, No. 3, 2005, pp. 468–472.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lalaev, Yakovlev, Zakhs.     

Synthesis and oxidation behavior of 2,4,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-ol,a multifunctional oxatocopherol-type antioxidant

2,4,5,7,8-Pentamethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-ol (PBD, 1) is a novel 3-oxa-tocopherol-type stabilizer, which is obtained as a mixture of two diastereomers by condensation of trimethylhydroquinone with acetaldehyde in an acid-catalyzed reaction. The oxidation behavior of 1 is governed by the amount of water available. In aqueous media, 1 is oxidized by one oxidation equivalent to 2,5-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethylacetophenone (3) via 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-3,5,6-trimethylbenzo-1,4-quinone (2). The acid-catalyzed conversion of 2 into 3 proceeds in solution with first-order kinetics with regard to 2 but works also in solid phase. Oxidation in the presence of just 1 equiv of water produces acetophenone 3 as well, but according to a different mechanism involving o-quinone methide 5 and styrene derivative 6, from which finally acetaldehyde is released. A [1,5]-sigmatropic proton shift from the C-4a methyl group to the exocyclic methylene group in 5 causes formation of 6, as demonstrated by labeling experiments. In addition, the presence of both intermediates was proven by hetero-Diels-Alder trapping reactions. In the absence of water, oxidation of 1 produces chromenone 10 via the intermediates 5 and 6 and chromanone 9, and oxidation of 9 to 10 is preferred to oxidation of starting material 1. When the formation of an exocyclic methylene group at C-4 is impossible as a result of structural prerequisites, as in the diphenyl derivative 12, the initially generated o-quinone methide 5 cannot form 6 but undergoes dimerization to spiro-compounds. The transformation of p-quinone 2 into acetophenone 3 might contribute to the chemistry of tocopherols oxidized at C-4, i.e., 4-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol and 4-oxo-alpha-tocopherol, which have been proposed as precursors of natural vitamin E metabolites.     

Synthesis of 5-amino-2-selenoxo-1,3-imidazole-4-carboselenoamides by the reaction of isoselenocyanates with aminoacetonitriles

Reaction of isoselenocyanates with aminoacetonitriles afforded 4-amino-2-selenoxo-1,3-imidazole-2-selenones, whereas reaction with aminopropionitriles led to selenoureas. We confirmed that it is easy to distinguish between selenoamides and selenoureas by comparison of their chemical shift differences in the ⁷⁷Se NMR spectra.     

Synthesis of 3-thienyl substituted 2-pyrazolines by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition

1,3,5-Trisubstituted 3-thienylpyrazolines have been prepared in high yields by the reaction of substituted,N-(P;-nitrophenyl)-3-thiophenecarbohydrazonoyl chlorides with Et₃N in CH₂Cl₂ in the presence of an excess of a monosubstituted olefin. The reaction probably occurs as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the corresponding 3-thiophenecarbonitrile imines formedin situ at the double bond of the olefin.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 114–117, January, 1994.