微光学陀螺仪系统结构的研究

介绍了谐振型和干涉型两种微光学陀螺仪的分辨率计算公式,并在光纤仿真装置上,分别进行了系统结构的实验研究.在谐振型装置中,作为光源采用了具有 Bragg 光栅的窄线宽激光二极管.在干涉型装置中,为了保证双向光束在Sagnac 效应敏感环 (SSR) 中可以循环传播,采用了大功率的超辐射发光二极管(SLD)作为光源.为了保持双向光束在 SSR 中循环传播多圈,需要在 SSR 中插入一个光放大器,以补偿光束在传播中的各种损耗.研究结果表明,所建议的系统结构对于开发中等精度的微光学陀螺仪产品具有可行性.     

带内裂纹厚壁圆筒管冲击疲劳实验中内压测定技术

本文设计了冲击内压循环加载实验装置，该装置能对试件产生连续内压加载。通过对带裂纹厚壁筒试件外壁动应变的测定，和用有限元方法计算冲击内压下动应变的变化规律，求出了实验中所加的冲击内压。     

基于LabVIEW平台的形状记忆合金温度循环加载控制装置研究

本文根据NiTi形状记忆合金热-力耦合循环变形实验的要求,针对传统加热方法变温速度慢、温度变化非线性、加热不均匀,且无法与其他装置配合使用等缺点,提出了一种新型形状记忆合金温度循环加载控制装置。该装置基于电流加热方法,使用测温仪表进行测温,采用直流电源与降温组件进行变温,同时利用PID等控制方法进行控制,达到精准控温的效果。通过测试及实验,可以看出,该装置具有良好的控温性能、快速的变温速度、自动的程序控制等优点。本装置的成功开发为形状记忆合金热-力耦合循环变形和疲劳失效行为的实验研究提供了坚实的设备基础。     

CTS试件中复合型疲劳裂纹扩展

针对复合型循环载荷作用下的金属构件中的裂纹扩展问题进行了实验分析和理论建模. 首先 采用紧凑拉剪试件(CTS)和 Richard研制的复合型载荷加载装置，对承受复合型循环载荷的裂纹进行了实验研究. 实验选择了两种金属材料试件，分别承受3种形式的复合型循环载荷的作用，在裂纹尖端具 有相同的初始应力场强度的条件下考察复合型循环载荷对裂纹扩展规律的影响. 实验结果表明，疲劳裂纹的扩展速率与加载角度有关. 对于同样金属材料的试件，当裂尖处 初始应力场强度相等时，载荷越接近于II型，裂纹增长速率越快. 采用等效应力强度 因子(I型和II型应力强度因子的组合)、裂纹扩展速率及复合强度等参数，以实验数据为 基础，建立了一个疲劳裂纹扩展模型，用来预测裂纹在不同模式疲劳载荷作用下的扩展速率. 为验证其有效性，该模型被应用于钢制试件的数值模拟计算中. 实验结果与模拟计算曲线保 持一致，表明该模型可以用来估算带裂纹金属构件的寿命.     

岛津试验机高温剪切蠕变试验装置的研制与实验研究

介绍了作者研制的在岛津试验机上进行高温剪切蠕变实验装置的原理和结构，利用此装置进行了碳钢和铝合金在高温下的剪切蠕变实验，结果表明，该装置有较高的实验精度。有关此类实验结果的报导尚不多见。     

含能材料在低温条件下冲击压缩力学性能的实验研究

采用自制的含能材料动态变温压缩实验装置，在低温环境下，对国产复合炸药Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ和单质炸药ＴＮＴ进行了动静态压缩实验，测试了压缩模量、压缩强度等材料性能参数。实验结果表明:在低温条件下，Ｃｏｍｐ，Ｂ和ＴＮＴ材料具有明显的应变率效应和温度效应，复合炸药Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ的压缩模量和压缩强度都高于ＴＮＴ炸药，Ｃｏｍｐ．Ｂ对温度效应更为敏感。还讨论了惯性效应对动态实验波形的影响，通过引入柔度系数，使测试波形趋于光滑。所介绍的实验方法为研究含能材料在低温条件下的冲击压缩性能，提供了一套较完整的技术和手段。     

捷联惯导系统(SINS)敏感器斜向配置技术

以四个敏感器的冗余系统为例，对采用冗余敏感器的惯导系统的可靠性进行了分析，对四个敏感器构成的捷联惯导系统的可靠性进行了仿真实验，验证了冗余敏感器可以提高系统可靠性结论的正确性。中给出非正交敏感器测量值向惯导系统正交坐标系转化的方法和转换矩阵。最后对冗余敏感器的配置方式进行了分析。通过仿真实验，得到敏感器最佳配置的条件。     

循环冲击作用下岩石应力应变曲线及应力波特性

利用研制的岩石动静组合加载实验装置进行循环冲击实验,研究了在循环冲击过程中岩石典型的 动态应力应变曲线及反射波和透射波的变化规律。结果表明:岩石在循环冲击过程中的动态应力应变曲线可 分为压密阶段、弹性阶段、内部裂纹扩展的加载阶段、第1卸载阶段和第2卸载阶段等5个阶段。在相同入射 波循环作用下,随着循环次数的增加,岩石的反射波峰值越来越大,反射波峰值出现的时间越来越迟,透射波 峰值越来越小,透射波峰值出现的时间越来越早,表明在循环冲击过程中岩石内部损伤逐渐累积,从而导致抵 抗外部冲击载荷的能力逐渐降低。     

粒子场同轴全息记录装置的通光孔径对信息量的影响

通过分析粒子场同轴全息记录装置通光孔径对粒子信息通过量的影响，对不同大小、形状的粒子在相同距离和实验装置下的信息通过量进行数值模拟，并进行实验说明，得到了小粒子信息基本通过时对装置通光孔径的参数要求，有助于爆轰实验装置参数的设计。     

单轴循环冲击下弱风化花岗岩的损伤演化

为研究爆破应力波作用下弱风化花岗岩的力学特性和损伤演化机理，利用直径50 mm的改进分离式Hopkinson压杆装置，开展以不同速度对花岗岩进行单次和等速循环冲击下的实验研究。研究结果表明:单次冲击中，用能量法确定的损伤阈值，可用于循环冲击实验中；不同应变率下弱风化岩石裂纹扩展阶段存在应力松弛平台，且随应变率升高而愈发明显，峰值应力与应变率呈正相关。等速循环冲击中，最大应力、应变与冲击速度呈正相关，与岩样累积冲击总次数呈负相关；损伤演化具有3个阶段呈倒S形，由其构建的双参数损伤演化模型拟合效果理想，且具有物理意义；利用模型中的参数α和β可计算中值点处的损伤度和相对循环次数，且与冲击速度正相关；不同损伤变量计算的损伤演化模型不同，合理定义损伤变量是必要的。     

集成光学角速度传感器及其关键器件的研制

本文介绍了清华大学研制的集成光学角速度传感器 ( IORS)系统方案及其关键器件 ,包括 :( 1 )窄线宽单模光纤 Bragg光栅外腔式二极管激光器 ( FBG- LD) ;( 2 )声体波的声光移频器 ( AOFS)及其直接数字合成 ( DDS)的控制电路 ;( 3)谐振型 IORS( R- IORS)的实验装置 ,采用光纤仿真的光波导 Sagnac敏感环 ( SSR) ;( 4 )干涉型 IORS( I- IORS)的实验装置 ,采用光纤仿真的再入式 SSR。采用上述 AOFS研制了一种全光纤延迟的自外差测量系统 ,用于测量上述 FBG- L D。初步的实验结果表明 ,所提出的上述 R- IORS和 I- IORS都可开发为新型光学陀螺的产品     

A Test Method to Characterize Flexural Creep Behaviour of Pre-cracked FRC Specimens

This paper presents a proposal of test setup and methodology for testing the flexural creep behaviour of pre-cracked Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) specimens, aimed at providing a basis for standardization. The design criteria used to define the equipment and methodology are presented. A test results sheet and a curve are established to present the results of creep tests, and some experimental results are shown so that the test can be validated. The equipment and methodology proposed make it possible to research the influence of factors such as concrete type, fibres type and content, applied load, and crack opening value.     

Dynamic response of tubular dielectric elastomer transducers

In this paper, a numerical model for the dynamic response of tubular dielectric elastomer transducers is presented and validated with experimental results for the first time. Dielectric elastomers (DE) are soft polymer based smart materials that can be potentially employed in applications such as actuation, sensing and energy harvesting (Kornbluh, 2004, Carpi et al., 2005, Waki et al., 2008). In our previous work, the quasi-static response of tubular DE transducers was studied (Goulbourne et al., 2007, Son and Goulbourne, 2009). Here, a numerical model is developed to predict the dynamic response of tubular DE transducers. Inertia effects are included in our previous static model which yields a system of partial differential equations. The results of the dynamic response of the tubular DE transducers are obtained by numerically solving the simplified partial different equations using a finite difference scheme. The capacitance change induced by the dynamic deformation of the tubular DE is also calculated by a simple electrostatic model, illustrating dynamic passive sensing.Several tubular DE transducer samples (VHB 4905 and silicone) were fabricated and an experimental setup was developed to investigate the dynamic response by measuring capacitance and radial deformation. In the sensing experiments, a sweep of dynamic pressure profiles (0–5 Hz) are applied. It is observed that silicone transducers have a larger dynamic sensing range. In the actuation experiments, the deformation of the silicone actuator is monitored while a voltage signal (4.5 kV) is applied from 0 to 30 Hz. The silicone actuator shows a good actuation response. The comparison between numerical and experimental results for the DE transducers shows an overall error of 3%.     

Novel Method for Analyzing Crack Growth in Polymeric Microtensile Specimens by <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Atomic Force Microscopy

In this paper a micro tensile test which allows the determination and observation of the crack growth behaviour in thin polymer layers is presented. The setup consists of micromanipulators and piezo actuators for straining the sample while an atomic force microscope (AFM) is used for scanning the crack tip area with high lateral resolution. The stress in the specimen is determined by an optical microscope for observation of the deflection of a force sensing beam. The material under investigation is an amorphous and strongly entangled thermoplastic polyimide which can be patterned photolithographically and is spin cast to form layers of 3 μm thickness. The results show the potential of the setup to measure crack length, crack tip opening and nominal stress. The stress-crack length-diagram then allows to determine different stages during crack growth.     

Aerodynamic external pressure loads on a semi-circular bluff body under wind gusts

This brief communication concerns the unsteady aerodynamic external pressure loads acting on a semi-circular bluff body lying on a floor under wind gusts and describes the theoretical model, experimental setup, and experimental results obtained. The experimental setup is based on an open circuit, closed test section, low speed wind tunnel, which includes a sinusoidal gust generating mechanism, designed and built at the Instituto de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (IDR/UPM). Based on the potential flow theory, a theoretical model has been proposed to analyse the problem, and experimental tests have been performed to study the unsteady aerodynamic loads on a semi-circular bluff body. By fitting the theoretical model predictions with the experimental results, influencing parameters of the unsteady aerodynamic loads are ascertained. The values of these parameters can help in clarifying the phenomenon of the external pressure loads on semi-circular bluff body under various gust frequencies. The theoretical model proposed allows the pressure variation to be split into two contributions, a quasi-steady term and an unsteady term with a simple physical meaning.     

Gust wind tunnel study on ballast pick-up by high-speed trains

This paper describes the experimental setup, procedure, and results obtained, concerning the dynamics of a body lying on a floor, attached to a hinge, and exposed to an unsteady flow, which is a model of the initiation of rotational motion of ballast stones due to the wind generated by the passing of a high-speed train. The idea is to obtain experimental data to support the theoretical model developed in Sanz-Andres and Navarro-Medina (J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 98, 772–783, (2010), aimed at analyzing the initial phase of the ballast train-induced-wind erosion (BATIWE) phenomenon. The experimental setup is based on an open circuit, closed test section, low-speed wind tunnel, with a new sinusoidal gust generator mechanism concept, designed and built at the IDR/UPM. The tunnel’s main characteristic is the ability to generate a flow with a uniform velocity profile and sinusoidal time fluctuation of the speed. Experimental results and theoretical model predictions are in good agreement.     

Investigation of the annular nozzle start in actual and virtual intermittent aerodynamic setups

The results of a numerical and experimental investigation of the starting of jet-engine annular nozzle blown with the air at room temperature and high-temperature combustion products of a stoichiometric acetylene-air mixture in an intermittent aerodynamic setup are presented. The regimes and the times of the attainment of quasi-steady stAte of the flow are studied in the virtual full-scale counterpart of the experimental setup. The special features of the starting stage and the quasi-steady flow are studied for entry channels of different shapes. The values of starting times, the pressures at different points of the flow duct, and the thrusts produced by the annular nozzle measured in the physical experiment and obtained in the virtual experimental setup are compared.     

铁电陶瓷PZT的实验本构研究

用低频高压电源和液压加力架实验研究了力电载荷下铁电陶瓷软性ＰＺＴ（Ｐ－５１）的单轴应力应变关系,在不同压应力下的电滞回线和蝶曲线,实验发现随着压应力的增加。ＰＺＴ的铁电特性发生很大的变化,尝试用电畴来解释ＰＺＴ在不同压力电性的变化规律和退极化效应,在本实验中,我们很好的解决了测试材料高压性能中常出现的绝缘问题和电弧放电问题,获得了比较系统的实验结果。     

Buckling investigations on a nuclear reactor inner vessel model

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the buckling of scaled-down models of the inner vessel used in nuclear reactor structures. The inner vessel, a shell of composite geometry, consists of two cylindrical shells connected by conical and torus shells. There are six stand-pipes on the conical portion of the vessel carrying heat exchangers and pumps. Scaled-down models of the inner vessel are made by the conventional fabrication methods (rolling, welding) and are tested in the present study. The test setup consists of a loading system for applying concentrated load on the stand-pipes, an air compressor for applying internal pressure and the related instrumentation. Imperfection scans are carried out in a specially fabricated experimental setup using linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) before and during loading. Using the scanned raw data, the initial geometric imperfections and eccentricity between the LVDTs and the specimen axes at different axial locations are calculated. The results show that the maximum initial imperfections are on the order of 1.75 times the wall thickness; generally, the growth of deformation patterns with loading resembles the shapes of initial imperfections, and the growth is predominant on lower cylinder and torus regions. The general purpose, finite element-based software, ABAQUS, is used to obtain the analytical values. The initial imperfections measured on the experimental models are incorporated into the finite element models. The agreement between experimental and analytical buckling loads is within about 30 percent error.