手性氨基醇的合成及其在二乙基锌与芳香醛的不对称加成反应中的应用

以天然氨基酸为手性源,合成了3个新的三齿手性氨基醇配体(1a～1c),其结构经1H NMR, IR和元素分析表征.将1用于催化二乙基锌与芳香醛的不对称加成反应,得到(R)-二级醇,产率96.7%, e.e.74.3%.     

二茂铁配体参与的二乙基锌对亚胺的不对称加成反应

手性胺类化合物广泛应用于手性拆分,药物、天然产物和手性配体的合成[1];因此,此类物质的不对称合成方法学的研究已经引起了化学家们极大的兴趣.有机金属试剂与亚胺的不对称加成反应是合成手性胺类化合物最为有效的方法之一.手性配体催化的二烷基锌对醛的不对称加成反应已经取得了极大的成功,而与此形成鲜明对照的是有机金属化合物与亚胺的不对成加成反应的研究报道却还不多,尤其是催化量的反应体系[2].本文报导了一个新的催化体系--含有N,P配位原子二茂铁基配体*Cu(OTf)2*Et2Zn*亚胺,在6%的手性配体1[3]存在下,给出产物的ee值和化学产率分别高达96%和95%.     

由6-氨基取代富烯合成二茂锆配合物及其结构研究

富烯已被广泛应用于合成各种取代环戊二烯基、茚基和芴基金属配合物[1] .富烯的取代基对于它本身的反应性质以及由富烯所派生出的金属配合物的性质都起着重要的作用 .另外 ,富烯在手性配体及手性金属配合物的合成方面起着非常重要的作用 [2 ,3] ,仅就 6,6-二烷基富烯的加成反应而言 ,不但可以合成出多种烷基取代的手性金属配合物 [4 ] ,还可以引入杂原子而合成出手性配体 [5] .在研究 6-氨基富烯的加成反应时人们发现 ,由它不仅可以生成手性配体 ,而且其取代基上的氨基还可以与中心金属原子发生配位 [6 ] .最近 ,我们研究了 6-二甲氨基 - 6-…     

新的含大体积取代基的β-氨基醇配体的合成及在二乙基锌对芳香醛的不对称加成反应中的应用

以L-脯氨酸为起始原料,两个在其羟基所在的α-C上具有大体积取代基的β-氨基醇配体被简便地合成出来,并被用于催化二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成,得到了ee值较高的S构型的手性二级醇.结果显示更大体积取代基团的氨基醇配体并不能够获得更高的对映选择性.     

联萘酚衍生C_3对称的手性配体的合成及其在诱导二乙基锌与芳基醛的不对称加成反应中的应用

合成了一种新型可重复使用的含手性联萘酚的C3对称树状小分子配体(L1),并将L1用于诱导二乙基锌和芳基醛的不对称加成反应.获得的二级醇最高的对映选择性为91%ee,产物最高收率达99%.反应完成后,只需经过简单的萃取和洗涤过程就可实现对配体L1高回收率的回收.配体L1重复使用5次其催化活性和对映选择性没有明显变化.     

含有喹啉-2-甲醇单元的光学纯固有手性杯[4]芳烃衍生物：合成与在二乙基锌对苯甲醛催化不对称加成中的应用

合成并表征了一系列由含有喹啉-2-甲醇单元的具有锥式或部分锥式构象的光学纯固有手性杯[4]芳烃衍生的新型N,O-型手性配体,并且研究了这些手性配体在二乙基锌对苯甲醛催化不对称加成反应中的应用,这是首例有关固有手性杯芳烃作为手性配体用于催化不对称合成.     

铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应合成手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃

手性2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中.它们也经常被用于手性四氢呋喃化合物的不对称合成.因此,人们发展了很多合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃化合物的方法,如有机小分子催化的多米诺迈克尔-烷基化反应、“中断的”Feist-Bénary反应或改进的 Feist-Bénary反应.此外,过渡金属催化的手性2,3-二氢呋喃的不对称合成在近些年引起了人们的极大关注. Ozawa等通过 Pd-催化2,3-二氢呋喃的动力拆分方法获得了手性2-芳基-2,3-二氢呋喃. Evans发展了一种 Sc-催化联烯硅和乙醛酸乙酯的[3+2]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.最近, Fu和 Tang等发展了 Cu催化烯酮和重氮化合物的[4+1]环加成反应合成手性2,3-二氢呋喃的方法.在 Nishibayashi和 van Maarseveen的开创性工作之后, Cu催化的不对称炔丙基转化反应取得了很大的进展.最近,我们发展了一类新的三齿手性 P,N,N-配体,在 Cu催化不对称炔丙基取代、脱羧炔丙基取代、[3+2]、[3+3]和[4+2]环加成反应中表现出优秀的对映和非对映选择性.其中,我们发现采用 Cu催化炔丙醇酯和β-酮酯的[3+2]环加成反应,能高对映选择性地获得手性2,3-二氢呋喃.我们设想,采用β-羰基膦酸酯代替β-酮酯,通过这种 Cu催化[3+2]环加成反应,将可以合成一类具有重要生物活性的手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.基于这种设想,本文使用手性 P,N,N-配体,通过 Cu催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.我们以炔丙醇酯1a与β-羰基膦酸酯2a为标准底物,优化了反应条件,考察了配体、Cu盐、碱和反应温度等对反应收率和对映选择性的影响.我们确定了最佳的反应条件：以4b为配体,以 Cu(OTf)2为铜盐,以t-BuOK为碱,以 MeOH为溶剂,–20oC反应24 h.在此条件下,我们对β-羰基磷酸酯2的适用范围进行了考察.结果表明,各种苯基取代的β-羰膦磷酸酯均能得到很好的收率和对映选择性.苯环上取代基的空间效应对反应的对映选择性影响不大,但对反应收率影响较大,与相应3-取代或4-取代底物相比较,2-取代的底物获得的收率较低.苯环对位取代基的电子效应对反应的影响不大,给电子基或吸电子基的底物,均得到了较好的收率和对映选择性.杂环取代的底物同样适用于该反应,以90%的收率和89% ee的对映选择性获得了相应的[3+2]环加成产物.对于烷基底物,虽然反应的产率略低,但是得到了高达92% ee的产物.此外,我们对炔丙醇酯底物的适用范围也进行了考察.结果表明,该体系对于各种取代的炔丙醇酯底物均可以获得较高的收率和良好的对映选择性.总之,本文发展了一种铜催化炔丙醇酯与β-羰基膦酸酯的不对称[3+2]环加成反应的方法,成功合成了手性膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.通过使用一个结构刚性的酮亚胺三齿 P,N,N-配体,以很好的收率和最高92% ee的对映选择性获得了一系列光学活性的膦酰化2,3-二氢呋喃化合物.     

醛酮的不对称硅氰化反应研究进展

羰基化合物的不对称氰醇化反应是当前不对称催化领域里的一个研究热点.具有光学活性的氰醇是有机合成的重要中间体,通过官能团转化可以很容易制备出一些在天然产物和化学制药中具有重要意义的手性化合物,如β-氨基醇、α-氨基酸和α-羟基酸等.目前,不对称催化的三甲基氰硅烷与醛酮的加成反应作为手性氰醇的主要化学合成方法受到人们的广泛关注,而反应体系中采用的手性配体与Lewis酸是控制这类反应的效能和立体选择性的关键,因此,主要就三甲基氰硅烷和醛酮不对称加成反应中催化体系的发展作了一个简要的述评.     

树脂固定化手性联萘酚-钛催化剂的合成及其催化特性研究

自从Ｍｅｒｒｉｆｉｅｌｅｄ首创多肽的固相合成以来 ,以聚苯乙烯树脂为支持物的合成方法在化学及生物化学等领域得到广范应用[1～ 3] .作为该方法的一个新的发展方向 ,将手性配体联接在多聚物上用于非均相不对称催化已成为当前不对称合成的热门领域之一 .近年来踊现出大量多聚物固定化的手性不对称催化剂 ,在二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成[4] 及Ｄｉｅｌｓ Ａｌｄｅｒ等[5] 反应中显示出优良的不对称催化能力 .光学活性的 1 ,1’ 联萘 2 酚 (ＢＩＮＯＬ)是不对称催化中应用最广泛的配体之一[6～ 9] .为了将ＢＩＮＯＬ引入非均相不对称催化 ,我…     

新型(S)-(α-萘取代)脯氨醇衍生物的合成及其催化二烷基锌与醛的不对称加成反应

以天然手性产物L-脯氨酸为原料,经酯化、氨基保护和格氏反应,得到一种新型光学活性的脯氨醇衍生物((S)-N-苄基-2-吡咯烷-α,α-二(α-萘基)甲醇1).1经过催化氢解,得到另一种光学活性脯氨醇衍生物((S)-2-吡咯烷-α,α-二(α-萘基)甲醇2).将1和2作为有机催化剂,用于催化二烷基锌和醛的不对称加成反应.分别考察了影响对映选择性的催化剂结构、催化剂用量、溶剂、反应温度等各种因素.结果表明,当催化剂用量为5%、溶剂为甲苯、反应温度为-10℃,1作催化剂时,所得仲醇的对映体过量达82?,产率高达100%.     

New chiral Schiff base as a tridentate ligand for catalytic enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

We have developed new chiral Schiff base catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc reagents to aldehydes. The reaction of benzaldehyde with diethylzinc in the presence of 1 mol % of the chiral Schiff base catalyst proceeded to afford 1-phenyl-1-propanol in 96% enantiomeric excess (ee).     

Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes catalyzed by N-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl) beta-amino alcohols

A set of secondary N-phenylfluorenyl beta-amino alcohols have been prepared and evaluated as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The influence of the substituents on the stereogenic centers of the ligand has been studied, and enantioselectivities up to 97% have been obtained. Those ligands with bulky groups in the carbinol stereocenter and small groups alpha to the nitrogen atom displayed the best catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. The most enantioselective ligand (4e) was found to possess general applicability for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to a variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes.     

A new chiral sulfonamide ligand based on tartaric acid: synthesis and application in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes and ketones

A new sulfonamide ligand based on l-tartaric acid was synthesized and was employed as a chiral ligand in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes, giving rise to the best enantiomeric excess up to 83% with 5 mol % of catalyst loading. Moreover, the addition of diethylzinc to ketones can also be achieved with good to excellent enantioselectivities by employing 7 mol % of the catalyst under mild conditions.     

Synthesis of new chiral aliphatic amino diselenides and their application as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

[reaction: see text] A set of chiral aliphatic amino diselenides have been synthesized from readily available starting materials in a straightforward synthetic route via the ring-opening reaction of the parent aziridines. These ligands have been tested as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The influence of the alkyl group substituents on the stereoselectivity has been studied, and in the best case, an enantiomeric excess up to 99% could be obtained by using only 0.5 mol % of the chiral diselenide 3a.     

Application of novel enantiopure hydroxymethyl-substituted pyridine derivatives in asymmetric catalysis

The synthetic modification of enantiopure hydroxymethyl-substituted pyridine derivatives leading to novel chiral ligands is described. A set of these pyridine derivatives was examined as ligands in asymmetric transformations such as enantioselective alkylations or alkynylations of aldehydes, the asymmetric copper-catalyzed Henry reaction and the asymmetric allylation of benzaldehyde with allyl(trichloro)silane. This first screening revealed that several of the pyridine derivatives prepared are effective ligands affording high yields and good enantioselectivities. The asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes with diethylzinc provided yields of up to 93% with an enantiomeric excess of up to 88%. The asymmetric Henry reaction was also efficiently catalyzed by one of the prepared ligands affording (S)-2-nitro-1-phenylethanol in 68% yield and with 70% ee.     

Bifunctional pyridyl alcohols with the bicyclo[3.3.0]octane scaffold in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes

Some new pyridyl alcohols with the cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane scaffold were synthesized and used as chiral ligands for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Ligands 4 were found to be far superior to the C₂-symmetric ligands 2 in terms of enantioselectivities. Quantitative yields and enantiomeric excesses of up to 92% were obtained when the ligand 4 was used. The carbonyl function in 4 proved to be beneficial for the high enantioselectivities in the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. Conversion of the carbonyl group into oxime or oxime ether group led to a sort of more active ligands, which catalyzed the same reaction with rate acceleration.     

Enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes using a regenerable polymer-supported N-picolylvalinol tridentate ligand

A supported pyridine-based tridentate chiral ligand has been prepared and evaluated for enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The catalyst allowed the preparation of various chiral alcohols with the R configuration in good yields and enantiomeric excesses (up to 93%) and was found reusable.     

含光学活性联二萘酚基团可溶性高分子手性配体的合成及其不对称加成反应

不对称催化是有机化学研究的前沿领域和发展方向．近10年来,手性配体的研究得到了长足的发展,大量的小分子手性配体被报道,其中许多手性配体展示了优异的催化性能．但是由于昂贵的手性配体（金属催化剂）分离、回收和再利用的问题,从而限制了小分子催化剂的应用．因此,解决手性金属催化剂的分离与回收问题是不对称催化研究领域的一个热点问题．为了解决这一关键问题,国内外科学家从负载的角度出发已经成功地发展了众多的研究方法,无机负载法、交联高分子负载法、可溶性高分子负载法、树状大分子负载法等．许多负载的手性金属催化剂已经表现出优异的催化活性和高的对映选择活性．     

One catalyst for two distinct reactions: sequential asymmetric hetero Diels-Alder reaction and diethylzinc addition

This paper describes the successful development of a series of chiral zinc catalysts containing (R)-3,3′-Br₂-BINOL ligand and various diimine activators for enantioselective HDA reaction of Danishefsky's diene with aldehydes through a combinatorial approach, affording the corresponding 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one derivatives in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The application of this type of catalysts was also extended to the diethylzinc addition to the benzaldehyde, affording the corresponding secondary alcohol with up to 94.5% ee under optimized conditions. On the basis of these facts, the integration of two distinct enantioselective reactions, HDA and diethylzinc addition reactions, has been realized in one-pot with the promotion of a single chiral zinc catalyst in a sequential manner. The impact of diimine additive on the catalytic system of HDA reaction was also investigated by probing the nonlinear effect of reaction system. The positive nonlinear effect exhibited in the catalytic system could be attributed to the poor solubility of the heterochiral zinc species. On the basis of various experimental findings disclosed in this research, a possible mechanism for the asymmetric induction in the 3,3′-Br₂-BINOL/Zn/diimine catalyzed enantioselective HDA reaction of Danishefsky's diene with aldehydes was outlined.     

The synthesis of N,O-ferrocenyl pyrrolidine-containing ligands and their application in the diethyl- and diphenylzinc addition to aromatic aldehydes

A facile route to a series of planar chiral N,O-ferrocenyl pyrrolidine-containing ligands with varying substituents at the nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms is described. The oxygen donor atom was introduced via a diastereoselective ortho-metalation of N-methylpyrrolidinyl and N-allylpyrrolidinyl ferrocene intermediates and was quenched with various ketones. The nitrogen substituent was varied through deallylation and subsequent derivatization of a secondary pyrrolidine. The efficacy of these novel ligands was investigated in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc and diphenylzinc to aromatic aldehydes. The ligands proved highly effective in the diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde that resulted in high yields of up to 99% and enantioselectivities (ee's) of up to 95%. The role of planar chirality was explored and the results indicated that the planar chirality, and not the central chirality, of the ferrocenyl ligands was the dominant stereo-controlling element. Employment of a mixed ethyl-phenylzinc reagent in the phenylation of aromatic aldehydes led to a mixture of the two additional products, and the phenylated product was obtained in up to 37% ee.