由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions

Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ans?tze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.     

Phase relations in the ZnO-V2O5-K2O system

The subsolidus phase relations of a ZnO-V 2 O 5-K 2 O system are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction.There is 1 ternary compound,11 binary compounds and 14 three-phase regions in this system.The phase diagrams of V 2 O 5 K 2 O with the K 2 O content ranging from 0 to 71 mol% and pseudo-binary system of ZnO-K 2 ZnV 2 O 7 are also studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods.     

Lax pair and vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue waves for a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schrodinger system in an inhomogeneous optical fiber

Optical fibers are seen in the optical sensing and optical fiber communication. Simultaneous propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous optical fiber is described by a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schr?dinger system, which is discussed in this paper. For such a system, we work out the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and corresponding vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue wave solutions. When the group velocity dispersion(GVD) and fourth-order dispersion(FOD) coefficients are the constants, we exhibit the first-and second-order vector semirational rogue waves which are composed of the four-petalled rogue waves and eye-shaped breathers. Both the width of the rogue wave along the time axis and temporal separation between the adjacent peaks of the breather decrease with the GVD coefficient or FOD coefficient. With the GVD and FOD coefficients as the linear, cosine, and exponential functions, we respectively present the first-and second-order periodic vector semi-rational rogue waves, first-and second-order asymmetry vector semi-rational rogue waves, and interactions between the eye-shaped breathers and the composite rogue waves.     

Gravitational collapse with standard and dark energy in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A perfect fluid with self-similarity of the second kind is studied within the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).A spacetime which is not asymptotically flat is derived.The energy conditions of this spacetime are studied.It is shown that after some time the strong energy condition is not enough to satisfy showing a transition from standard matter to dark energy.The singularities of this solution are discussed.     

Breakdown voltage model and structure realization of a thin silicon layer with linear variable doping on a silicon on insulator high voltage device with multiple step field plates

Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer(TSL) with linear variable doping(LVD) and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate(MSFP),a breakdown voltage(BV) model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator(SOI) device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field(ENDIF),from which the reduced surface field(RESURF) condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection(HVI) line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET(nLDMOS) with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage(BV) and specific on-resistance(R on,sp) of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.     

A new complex variable element-free Galerkin method for two-dimensional potential problems

In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the improved complex variable moving least- square (ICVMLS) approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin (ICVEFG) method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square (CVMLS) approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.     

Phase properties of odd and even circular states

Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.     

Decoy-state method for quantum-key-distribution-based quantum private query

The quantum private query(QPQ)is a quantum solution for the symmetrically private information retrieval problem.We study the security of quantum-key-distribution-based QPQ with weak coherent pulses.The result shows that multiphoton pulses have posed a serious threat to the participant’s privacy in QPQ protocols.Then we propose a decoy-state method that can help the honest participant detect the attack by exploiting multiphoton pulses and improving the key distillation process to defend against such attack.The analysis demonstrates that our decoy-state method significantly improves the security of the QPQ with weak coherent pulses,which solves a major obstacle in the practical application of the QPQ.     

Nanofabrication of 50 nm zone plates through e-beam lithography with local proximity effect correction for x-ray imaging

High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.     

Facile fabrication of a lotus-effect composite coating via wrapping silica with polyurethane

A lotus-effect coating was fabricated by wrapping micro-silica and nano-silica with polyurethane (PU) and subsequent spraying. The coating shows the similar self-cleaning property as lotus leaves: the contact angle is as large as 168° and the sliding angle is as low as 0.5°. Surface morphology of the coating was studied with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The composite coating shows the similar structure as lotus leaves.     

The pathogenesis of Randall's plaque: a papilla cartography of Ca compounds through an ex vivo investigation based on XANES spectroscopy

At the surface of attached kidney stones, a particular deposit termed Randall's plaque (RP) serves as a nucleus. This structural particularity as well as other major public health problems such as diabetes type‐2 may explain the dramatic increase in urolithiasis now affecting up to 20% of the population in the industrialized countries. Regarding the chemical composition, even if other phosphate phases such as whitlockite or brushite can be found as minor components (less than 5%), calcium phosphate apatite as well as amorphous carbonated calcium phosphate (ACCP) are the major components of most RPs. Through X‐ray absorption spectroscopy performed at the Ca K‐absorption edge, a technique specific to synchrotron radiation, the presence and crystallinity of the Ca phosphate phases present in RP were determined ex vivo. The sensitivity of the technique was used as well as the fact that the measurements can be performed directly on the papilla. The sample was stored in formol. Moreover, a first mapping of the chemical phase from the top of the papilla to the deep medulla is obtained. Direct structural evidence of the presence of ACCP as a major constituent is given for the first time. This set of data, coherent with previous studies, shows that this chemical phase can be considered as one precursor in the genesis of RP.     

Exact solution of finite size Mean Field Percolation and application to nuclear fragmentation

Random Graphs and Mean Field Percolation are two names given to the most general mathematical model of systems composed of a set of connected entities. It has many applications in the study of real life networks as well as physical systems. The model shows a precisely described phase transition, but its solution for finite systems was yet unresolved. However, atomic nuclei, as well as other mesoscopic objects (e.g. molecules, nano-structures), cannot be considered as infinite and their fragmentation does not necessarily occur close to the transition point. Here, we derive for the first time the exact solution of Mean Field Percolation for systems of any size, as well as provide important information on the internal structure of Random Graphs. We show how these equations can be used as a basis to select non-trivial correlations in systems and thus to provide evidence for physical phenomena.     

近红外光谱定性分析中的特征波长筛选研究

提出了一种以样品光谱类间相关系数之和最小为准则进行光谱波长逐步筛选的方法(stepwise selection basing on minimum sum of correlation coefficients, SMCC),以类间距离与类内距离和的比值最大化(符合分析者主观预期目标)作为定性分析中特征波长筛选效果的评价依据,并使用红塔集团提供的2012年17种不同类型工业分级烟叶作为试验样品,以验证筛选方法的有效性。研究表明,采用CO1分级烟叶光谱作为参照类别,筛选出10个特征波长点：采用特征波长计算得到的类内欧氏距离的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的1.69倍,采用特征波长计算得到的类间欧氏距离的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的3.70倍,采用特征波长计算得到的类间欧氏距离与类内欧氏距离和的比值的平均值为采用全部波长计算得到的平均值的2.21倍。特征波长的类间与类内欧氏距离和的比值增大,说明筛选出来的特征波长能更加有效的表达不同类间的远近关系以及同一类内的离散度,SMCC算法是一种有效的、可应用于近红外光谱定性分析中的特征波长筛选方法。     

分光光度法同时测定铝(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅱ)

以甲基百里酚蓝(MTB)为显色剂、CTMAB为增溶增敏剂,利用系数补偿和双峰双波长的两次分光光度法同时测定铝(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅱ)的结果令人满意.     

Defect structure and electrical properties of molybdenum disulphide

Electrical conductivity of molybdenum disulphide was studied in a helium-sulphur gas mixture as a function of temperature (1073-1273 K). It was found that over the whole temperature and sulphur pressure range (10-6600 Pa) studied, the material exhibits p-type conductivity. Based on literature intrinsic electronic disorder data as well as measured electrical conductivity results a defect model has been proposed. This model involves electron holes and doubly ionized interstitial sulphur ions as majority point defects as well as electrons and acceptor-type foreign ions as minority defects.     

500 kV全固态Marx发生器

500 kV全固态Marx发生器采用Z型电路结构,以28个最大工作电压达22 kV、满载最高连续重复运行频率达200 Hz的绝缘栅双极型晶体管组件作为脉冲控制开关,采用以金属化膜电容器和线绕电感构成的梯形脉冲形成网络作为储能和脉冲形成器件。目前已实现500 kV脉冲输出,在50 Hz的重复频率下实现数十个脉冲的猝发输出。该发生器的输出脉冲电压峰值与已有文献报道的最高功率固态Marx发生器技术指标相近,输出脉冲电流峰值提高1倍,达到1000 A,发生器输出脉冲功率峰值达到500 MW。在采用电容器作为储能元件时,此Marx发生器输出脉冲宽度可在3～10 s范围内连续调整。     

掺杂光子晶体光纤自发辐射与掺杂激活杂质的光增益透射谱研究

借助光子晶体中二能级原子的自发辐射理论证明缺陷态的局域场存在的必然性以及局域场基本性质,为研究光子晶体光纤掺杂自发辐射的内在规律提供了理论依据。且将自发辐射理论与数值模拟相结合,在缺陷介质中掺激活杂质时,研究了光子晶体光纤的掺杂局域场特征以及受激辐射增强和透射率大于1现象与光子带隙群速度异常和掺杂层复有效折射率成负的虚部之间的内在关系。由此说明光子晶体光纤的缺陷介质中掺入激活杂质时,光子禁带中能出现品质因子非常高的杂质态,具有很大的态密度,较强的受激辐射放大。     

Electronic density of states in sequence dependent DNA molecules

We report in this work a numerical study of the electronic density of states (DOS) in π-stacked arrays of DNA single-strand segments made up from the nucleotides guanine G, adenine A, cytosine C and thymine T, forming a Rudin-Shapiro (RS) as well as a Fibonacci (FB) polyGC quasiperiodic sequences. Both structures are constructed starting from a G nucleotide as seed and following their respective inflation rules. Our theoretical method uses Dyson’s equation together with a transfer-matrix treatment, within an electronic tight-binding Hamiltonian model, suitable to describe the DNA segments modelled by the quasiperiodic chains. We compared the DOS spectra found for the quasiperiodic structure to those using a sequence of natural DNA, as part of the human chromosome Ch22, with a remarkable concordance, as far as the RS structure is concerned. The electronic spectrum shows several peaks, corresponding to localized states, as well as a striking self-similar aspect.