Photocatalytic conversion of NOx on AgCl/Al2O3 catalyst

The rate of NO conversion under UV illumination was evaluated over Ag/Al₂O₃ and AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalysts at room temperature. The AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst is highly active for the conversion of NO_x. The conversion is enhanced in the presence of O₂ and further enhanced when oxygen coexists with hydrocarbons. Diffuse reflectance spectra of AgCl/Al₂O₃ and Ag/Al₂O₃ show an absorption band at 250 nm, and a weak and broad band at 230 nm, respectively. The high photocatalytic NO_x conversion is achieved over the AgCl/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The conversion level of NO_x is maintained above 60% over 5 h in the presence of O₂ and hydrocarbons under UV-irradiation. The absorption band at 250 nm is ascribed to the band gap energy of crystallized AgCl particles on Al₂O₃. These results suggest that high photocatalytic NO_x conversion proceeds on crystallized AgCl particles formed on Al₂O₃.     

三乙酰基丙酮合锰(Ⅲ)的敏化光分解光化学的研究

研究了含硫堇的三乙酰基丙酮合锰(Ⅲ)[简称Mn(AA)₃]溶液的紫外光谱的变化。Mn(AA)₃通过中间体Mn(AA)₂,最终还原形成Mn(Ac)₂。观察了氧对反应的影响。Mn(AA)₃的这一敏化分解还原过程与文献报道的它的直接光解反应是一致的,还讨论了反应机理,并为1100nm处的带,即Mn(AA)₃的电荷转移吸收带提供了新的证据。     

RE-B共掺杂片层TiO2的合成及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法,利用钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧、硝酸铈和硼酸为原料,对TiO₂光催化剂进行稀土-B(RE-B)的共掺杂改性制备和性能研究。采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见吸收(UV-Vis)光谱和荧光(PL)光谱对制得样品的相组成、表面形貌结构、表面元素组成、光响应范围及带隙能和电子-空穴的复合情况进行了初步分析。结果表明,所制掺杂TiO₂的组成均为锐钛矿型,掺杂使晶格发生了较大畸变,且细晶粒由未掺杂的27 nm减小到RE-B-TiO₂的10 nm,形貌为片层状不规则堆放状态存在。XPS结果表明掺杂元素有效进入二氧化钛, PL谱显示共掺杂可有效延长光催化剂的载流子寿命。掺杂后吸收边均红移, La-B-TiO₂由TiO₂的405 nm移动到466 nm,相应地禁带宽度减小了0.4 eV。光催化实验表明:2 h内降解亚甲基蓝(MB)时掺杂能够同时提高紫外和可见光下二氧化钛的光催化效率,而共掺杂的降解效果又优于单掺杂, La-B-TiO₂紫外光下的降解率达到80.67%,为同等条件下纯TiO₂的2.7倍,可见光下的降解率为74.78%。     

CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND THE FORMATION OF SINGLET OXYGEN IN THE OXIDATION OF CERTAIN POLYPHENOLS AND QUINONES

Abstract— The possibility of ¹O₂ (¹Δ_g) participation in the oxidation of polyphenols and quinones has been investigated in two systems: (1) the system involving autooxidation leading to oxidative polymerization and destruction, and (2) the modified Trautz-Schorigin reaction, i.e. oxidation of polyphenols and HCHO with H₂O₂ in concentrated alkaline solutions. The red band with maximum at 635 nm observed in chemiluminescence of pyrocatechol, adrenaline, pyrogallol, gallic acid, adrenochrome and p -benzoquinone corresponds to the transition 2O₂(¹Δ_g) → 2O₂(³Σ^-_g). Emission bands in the range 475–540 nm arise from the superposition of the 2O₂(¹Δ_g) → 2O₂(³Σ^-_g) transition and radiative deactivation of excited oxidation products. In system (2) chemiluminescence has a broad band from 580 nm beyond 800 nm and much higher intensity than in system (1). Formaldehyde was found to enhance light emission in system (1) by a factor of about 30. The influence of solvents, including D₂O in which ¹O₂ has varying lifetimes, on kinetics of chemiluminescence as well as quenching effect of β-carotene, hydroquinone, cysteine, bilirubin and biliverdin strongly support the involvement of ¹O₂ in the chemiluminescence of both systems.     

溶解氧及波长对光助阳极沉积CeO2薄膜的影响

本文主要研究在含有0.05 mol·L^-1硝酸铈、0.1 mol·L^-1乙酸铵和70%（体积比）乙醇的镀液中通过阳极电沉积法在316 L不锈钢电极表面上制备CeO₂薄膜,并讨论了三种单色光波长以及镀液中溶解氧对阳极沉积CeO₂的影响. 采用计时安培曲线、椭圆偏振光谱、扫描电子显微镜、掠角X射线衍射和拉曼光谱方法研究了薄膜的电镀行为、表面形貌及其结构. 结果表明,本研究中的有效光照射波长为365 nm和254 nm,415 nm的波长不足以将电子从导带激发到价带. 随着入射光波长从254 nm增加到415 nm,薄膜的厚度与结晶度均逐渐减小,波长的变化对CeO₂薄膜表面形貌的影响很小. 少量的氧气对光助阳极沉积CeO₂薄膜有积极作用,但会生成较多的铈的氧化物颗粒吸附在电极表面. 在光电化学系统中,O₂常用作电子捕获剂. 随着溶解氧含量的增加,O₂将捕获对沉积有积极作用的光生电子,进而抑制阳极沉积的反应速率.     

High-temperature High-pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis of Dy3＋-doped YNbO4 Single Crystal and Its Luminescence Properties

Single crystal Dy3＋ doped YNbO4phosphors were prepared via a high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal procedure. Under excitation at 270 nm, the Dy3＋-doped YNbO4 phosphor shows bright white emission, which is composed of two strong bands at 492 and 576 nm corresponding to the characteristic 4F9/2→6H15/2 and aF9/2→6H13/2 transitions of Dy3＋, respectively. The dominant band was observed at 352 nm, which corresponds to the 6H15/2→6p7/2 transition of Dy3＋. Nearly white light was achieved at 2ex 270, 310 and 388 nm and the CIE（International Commission on Illumination） values were （0.3135, 0.3421）, （0.3088, 0.3380） and （0.3146, 0.3296）, respectively.     

异质结型光催化膜的活性及其机理研究

采用浸渍提拉法制得TiO₂,ZnO,Fe₂O₃,ZnO/TiO₂,TiO₂/ZnO,Fe₂O₃/TiO₂和TiO₂/Fe₂O₃石英玻璃基底负载膜.光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验表明,TiO₂和ZnO具有良好的光催化活性,Fe₂O₃活性较差.但形成异质结后,TiO₂和Fe₂O₃的光催化降解能力发生明显的变化.用254nm紫外光光照后,TiO₂,ZnO和Fe₂O₃等3种氧化物膜与水的接触角均有不同程度的降低,TiO₂表现出超亲水性,ZnO/TiO₂和Fe₂O₃/TiO₂膜与水的接触角小于对应的单纯ZnO和Fe₂O₃膜与水的接触角,其中Fe₂O₃/TiO₂表面出现超亲水性.瞬态光电导谱的少数载流子寿命的测定表明,异质结势垒电场能有效地增强光生电子-空穴对的分离效率.根据能带理论建立的两组异质结能带模型可合理地解释实验结果.     

共掺Tm~(3+)离子对CaAlSiN_3∶Eu~(2+)红色荧光粉发光性能的影响

通过高温固相法,合成了Eu~(2+)单掺和Eu~(2+)、Tm~(3+)共掺CaAlSiN_3荧光粉。结合荧光光谱、余辉发射光谱和余辉衰减曲线及热释发光等测试手段对其进行了表征分析。结果表明,CaAlSiN_3∶Eu~(2+)具有主峰位于630 nm的明显的红色长余辉发光;共掺杂Tm~(3+)离子的引入,产生了654和800 nm的荧光和余辉,同时,Tm~(3+)的共掺,使CaAlSiN_3∶0.1%Eu~(2+),Tm~(3+)样品位于89.0℃热释光峰位消失,表明Tm~(3+)共掺杂改变了CaAlSiN_3∶Eu~(2+)荧光粉中的陷阱能级及其分布,从而减弱了CaAlSiN_3∶Eu~(2+)的630 nm红色可见光部分余辉发光性能。     

Atomic and molecular absorption spectra of indium in air-acetylene flame

Absorption spectra of both atomic and molecular species in the air-acetylene flame, which are produced when the aqueous solutions of indium dissolved in HNO₃, HF, HCl, HBr and HI were aspirated into the flame, have been investigated in the u.v. region. Numerous atomic absorption lines of indium have been observed in the absorption spectra. Most of these lines were previously listed only as emission lines. Those atomic lines have been ascribed to the electronic transitions from the ground states of 5p ²P_1/2⁰ and 5p ²P_3/2⁰ to the excited states such as ls ²S_1/2, md ²D_3/2, nd ²D_5/2, 4p^{2 4}P_1/2, 4p^{2 4}P_3/2 and 4p^{2 4}P_5/2, respectively, where 13 l 6 and 14 m,n 5. The molecular absorption bands for InF, InCl and InBr in the airacetylene flame have been also observed near 234 nm, 267 nm and 282 nm, respectively, as the electronic transition of ¹Σ⁺ → ¹Π₁ Those absorption bands show fine structures due to the molecular vibrations. The spectral parameters for the molecular vibrations have been obtained from the simulations of the observed spectra. The molecular absorption band for InI was not observed because of the decomposition of the molecule in the flame. In addition, the molecular absorption band for InO has been observed near 273 nm and those for NO near 205 and 215 nm.     

Photoluminescence properties of SnO2 nanowhiskers grown by thermal evaporation

SnO₂ nanowhiskers were synthesized by thermal oxidation with and without a gold film as a catalyst. The SEM images reveal wire-like and rod-shaped nanowhiskers about several hundred micrometers in length and 100 nm in diameter. The three observed Raman peaks at 474, 632, and 774 cm⁻¹ indicate the typical rutile phase which is in agreement with the X-ray diffraction results. The photoluminescence properties were measured at room temperature. The peaks at 342 nm corresponding to the excitation transitions from the conduction band to the valence band of the SnO₂ nanowhiskers were not observed. However, a strong emission band at 600 nm was detected indicating the existence of oxygen vacancies in both samples. A new emission band at 398 nm was also observed in the sample with the gold film and it could be attributed to the near band-edge emission.     

Orthorhombic B2CN crystal synthesized by high pressure and temperature

B_0.54C_0.28N_0.18 precursor powder with turbostratic structure was prepared by using melamine and boric acid. The precursor was transformed into orthorhombic B₂CN under definite high pressure and temperature conditions. The composition of the orthorhombic B₂CN powder is B_0.47C_0.23N_0.30. Its lattice parameters are a=0.4776 nm, b=0.4585 nm and c=0.3629 nm. A strong absorption band from 1088 to 1385 cm⁻¹ of orthorhombic B₂CN was observed by infrared measurement. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of orthorhombic B₂CN powder measured at room temperature, a broad peak corresponding to its band-edge emission centers at 374 nm.     

硅晶片上超薄氧化硅层厚度纳米尺寸效应的XPS研究

用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定了一系列厚度经过国际比对准确已知的硅晶片上的超薄(1.45nmd7.2nm)氧化硅膜的Si2p电子能谱和价带谱.结果表明:SiO2膜厚d2nm时,Si2p结合能最低,其原因可归结于此时光电离空穴既有来自SiO2中的原子极化对空穴的原子外弛豫,也有来自衬底Si的电荷移动对空穴的屏蔽(有效屏蔽距离大约是(2.5±0.6)nm);当d3nm时Si2p结合能增大,此时只有来自SiO2的原子外弛豫,d较小者的Si2p结合能较高.SiO2的价带电子结构也与其厚度纳米尺寸效应有关:当d2nm时价带中SiO2的O2p非成键电子峰的相对强度较强,O2p—Si3p和O2p—Si3s成键电子峰较弱.     

Preparation and photoelectrochemical characterization of nano-particulate TiO2 and polyaniline composite films on Au

TiO₂ and polyaniline(PANI) composite film was obtained by electrochemical methods^[1] and investigated for solar energy conversion application. A strong rectifying effect was found in the cyclic voltammogram of the film in dark when the scan speed was slow enough (5 mV/s) and a quasi-reversible voltammogram of the film was observed when the scan speed was fast (100 mV/s). The results of both the cyclic voltammograms and the SEM images of the composite film show that the PANI film is almost completely covered with nano-particulate TiO₂. Two anodic photocurrent bands and a cathodic band was observed in the spectra of the photocurrent of the TiO₂/PANI/PATP(p-aminothiophenol)/Au film in 0.05 mol/L Fe(CN)₆^3-/Fe(CN)₆^4- solution. The band at 300~400 nm (3.1~4.1 eV) can be ascribed to the photocurrent band of TiO₂ particles and the bands at 450~730 nm (1.7~2.8 eV) can be ascribed to those of the PANI. The partially-oxidized PANI has internal photoemission function and the insulating matrix of PANI is verified to be reduced PANI with a 3.33 eV bandgap energy. The flat-band potentials of partially-oxidized PANI and TiO₂/PANI composite film in 1.0 mol/LHClO₄ solution are determined as 0.87 V and 0.09(SHE) from Mott-Schottky plots, respectively.     

新型Ce3+掺杂亚磷酸锰开放骨架材料的合成与荧光性质

通过高通量实验方法制备了一系列新型的Ce³⁺离子掺杂亚磷酸锰(NH₄)₄[Mn_4-xCe_x(HPO₃)₆](简称JIS-10∶xCe³⁺) 无机开放骨架材料. 通过粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)谱图、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 微量元素能谱(EDS)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱和光致发光(PL)光谱等手段对该材料进行了表征, 并研究了Ce³⁺离子掺杂浓度、 反应温度和时间对晶体相变和发光性能的影响. 结果表明, 在波长260 nm的光激发下, Ce³⁺离子在500 nm处有1个绿光发射带而Mn²⁺离子在590 nm处有1个黄光发射带. 调变JIS-10∶xCe³⁺材料中Ce³⁺离子的掺杂浓度发现, 当x=0.06^{时, 即Ce3+离子的掺杂浓度较低时, 样品的发射颜色为黄绿色, 其CIE坐标为(0.38, 0.48); 当Ce3+离子的掺杂浓度增加时, 绿色发光带的增长快于黄色发光带的增长, 从而调整发射颜色; 在x=1.33时观察到最强的发射, 浓度过高发生浓度猝灭.}     

Calculation of CO(XΣ) + 0(P) recombination chemiluminescence spectrum

Relative emission spectra for the bent to linear, CO₂(¹B₂)---CO₂(X¹Σ⁺_g) transitions have been calculated using the model: harmonic oscillator, symmetric-top wavefunctions and energy levels for CO₂(¹B₂); first-orer Fermi resonance vibrational wavefunctions and energy levels for CO₂(X¹Σ⁺_g); a Boltzmann distribution of vibrational and rotational states in CO₂(¹B₂); and a constant electronic transition moment. With the literature CO₂(¹B₂) molecular structure, spectra calculated using this model show characteristics similar to the low-temperature chemiluminescence from the combination of atomic oxygen and carbon monoxide. The calculated spectra account for experimental band positions to wavelengths of 570 nm and the weak dependence of the spectra on temperature over the range 206–353 K. The latter result was obtained from a CO₂(¹B₂) bending fundamental of 600 cm⁻¹. The calculated spectra also show a violet-shift in intensity and an attenuated band structure at higher temperatures. The magnitude of these effects depends on the CO₂(¹B₂) force constants and not on the CO₂(¹B₂) molecular structure.     

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of noble gas coordinated dipalladium–dioxygen complexes

The reaction products of palladium atoms with molecular oxygen in solid argon have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. In addition to the previously reported mononuclear palladium–dioxygen complexes: Pd(η²–O₂) and Pd(η²–O₂)₂, dinuclear palladium–dioxygen complexes: Pd₂(η²–O₂) and Pd₂(η²–O₂)₂ were formed under visible light irradiation and were identified on the basis of isotopic substitution and theoretical calculations. In addition, experiments doped with xenon in argon coupled with theoretical calculations suggest that the Pd(η²–O₂), Pd₂(η²–O₂) and Pd₂(η²–O₂)₂ complexes are coordinated by two argon or xenon atoms in solid argon matrix, and therefore, should be regarded as the Pd(η²–O₂)(Ng)₂, Pd₂(η²–O₂)(Ng)₂ and Pd₂(η²–O₂)₂(Ng)₂ (NgAr or Xe) complexes isolated in solid argon.     

FTIR studies on the gas phase laser-induced decomposition of CF3CH2ONO

The unimolecular decomposition of CF₃CH₂O (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) radical generated from 355 nm pulsed nanosecond laser photolysis of CF₃CH₂ONO (2,2,2-trifluoroethylnitrite) in the gas phase has been studied using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The radical preferentially dissociates via its C–H bond cleavage to yield CF₃CHO (trifluoroacetaldehyde) as the major product. The infrared spectrum of formaldehyde, one of the products of C–C bond dissociation of CF₃CH₂O was not observed under a range of nitrite and argon buffer gas pressures. Similar results were obtained when thermal heating and broadband xenon lamp irradiation of the nitrite were carried out. The addition of high pressures of NO further decreased the production of CF₃CHO since recombination of NO with the trifluoroethoxy radical competes with the unimolecular dissociation process. Surprisingly, CF₃CDO was also the only product observed when the deuterated species CF₃CD₂ONO was photolysed by the 355 nm laser. These observations contradicted MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations which were found to favour the C–C bond dissociation channel. However, 355 nm photolysis of CF₃CH₂ONO in the presence of O₂ yielded trifluoroethylnitrate, CF₃CH₂ONO₂ as the main product while CF₃CHO and CF₂O were also observable at much lower yields.     

2,4-二硫代尿嘧啶的紫外吸收光谱和共振拉曼光谱

硫代嘧啶碱基是光动力疗法潜在的重要光敏剂,其最低单重激发态的光物理研究已有广泛报道。然而,其较高激发态的跃迁性质和反应动力学研究较为稀少。因此,本文采用共振拉曼光谱和密度泛函理论计算方法研究2,4-二硫代尿嘧啶的紫外光谱和几个较高单重激发态的短时结构动力学。首先,基于共振拉曼光谱强度与电子吸收带振子强度f的关系,将紫外光谱去卷积成四个吸收带,分别为358 nm(f=0.0336)中等强度吸收带(A带),338 nm(f=0.1491)、301 nm(f=0.1795)和278 nm(f=0.3532)强而宽的吸收带(B、C和D带)。这一结果既吻合密度泛函理论计算结果,又符合共振拉曼光谱强度模式对紫外光谱带的预期。据此,去卷积得到的四个吸收带被分别指认为S0→S2跃迁、S0→S6跃迁、S0→S7跃迁和S_0→S_8跃迁。同时,分别对B,C和D带共振拉曼光谱进行了详细的指认,获得了短时动力学信息。结果表明,S_8态短时动力学的显著特征是在Franck-Condon区域或附近发生了S8(ππ~*)/S(nπ~*)势能面交叉引发的、伴随超快结构扭转的非绝热过程。S7和S6态短时动力学的主要特征是反应坐标的多维性,它们分别沿C_5C_6/C_2S_8/C_4S_(10)/N_2C_3+C_4N_3H_9/N_1C_2N_3/C_2N_1C_6/C_6N_1H_7/C_5C_6H_(12)和C_5C_6/N_3C_2/C_4S_(10)/C_2S_8+C_6N_1H_7/C_5C_6H_(12)/C_5C_6N_1/C_5C_6H_(12)/C_2N_1C_6/N_1C_2N_3/C_4N_3H_9/N_1C_2N_3等内坐标演化。     

LaNiO3/TiO2纳米管阵列的电化学制备及其光催化性能

利用脉冲电沉积与高温退火相结合的方法制备了镍酸镧(LaNiO₃)纳米颗粒负载的二氧化钛(TiO₂)纳米管阵列. 修饰于TiO₂纳米管阵列上的LaNiO₃纳米颗粒粒径小（< 10 nm）、分布均匀、负载量可控,一些LaNiO₃纳米颗粒沉积于TiO₂纳米管内. 紫外可见吸收光谱显示,LaNiO₃/TiO₂纳米管阵列的吸收带边较TiO₂纳米管阵列明显红移,可见光吸收明显增强. 可见光下光催化降解罗丹明B（RhB）的结果表明,脉冲循环沉积500次制得的LaNiO₃/TiO₂纳米管阵列的光催化活性最佳,其对RhB光催化降解速率是TiO₂纳米管阵列的3.5倍,并且表现出极好的光催化稳定性.     

原位光沉积制备Z型α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4异质结及其可见光驱动光解水产氢性能

采用原位光沉积-煅烧法制得了Z型α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄异质结复合光催化剂。分别采用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱以及电化学测试对样品进行了表征,并考察了可见光下光解水产氢活性。结果表明:当α-Fe₂O₃的负载量为2.9%时,α-Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄复合光催化剂具有最优的产氢催化活性,产氢速率高达1841.9μmol·g^-1·h^-1,约为g-C₃N₄的3.3倍。光催化性能的提高主要归因于3方面:(1)高温煅烧过程中α-Fe₂O₃的形成,有效促进了氮化碳片层的热剥离,增大了比表面积,从而为光催化反应提供了更多反应活性位;(2)超细α-Fe₂O₃颗粒(5~8 nm)高度均匀地分散在g-C₃N₄表面,并且与其紧密结合,形成了高质量的Z型异质结;(3)Z型异质结不仅有效抑制地了光生载流子的复合,同时极大地保留了g-C₃N₄导带电子的强还原性和α-Fe₂O₃价带空穴的强氧化性。