一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌的分离和鉴定

以硫酸盐为电子受体、氨为电子供体的反应称为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化,这是一个新的生物反应.迄今为止,虽已证明硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的存在,但并未获得进行该反应的微生物.本课题组从长期稳定运行的厌氧脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得了一株硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化菌.形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对表明,该菌株可归入Bacillus benzoevorans.以Biolog板检测发现,该菌株可利用多种碳源,基质多样性明显.其最适代谢pH为8.5,最适代谢温度为30℃.研究证明,该菌株可在无氧条件下,同时去除氨氮和硫酸盐,具有硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化活性.这一发现为硫酸盐型厌氧氨氧化的确认提供了生物学证据,为新型生物脱氮除硫工艺的研发打下了基础,为微生物学增加了新的内容,为地球氮素和硫素循环提供了新的认识.     

Thermal analysis for identification of E-Beam nanosize ammonium sulfate

Summary Thermal decomposition of nanosize ammonium sulfate obtained as a by-product in a new electron-beam technology cleaning up waste gases from thermal power stations was studied. DTA-TG-DTG curves were used to characterize thermal properties of the new products obtained under different technological conditions. High quality of ammonium sulfate from Merck was used as a reference material. Ammonium sulfate was the main component in all the products and their thermal behavior was similar to that of the reference. Only the solid product obtained with the highest norm of ammonia contained about 3.2% ammonium nitrate. Thermoanalytical methods can successfully be applied for control the quality of the by-products from E-beam desulfurization technology. It was found that the thermal stability of the nanosize ammonium sulfate was the same as that of the reference ammonium sulfate.     

Isolation and purification of recombinant human plasminogen Kringle 5 by liquid chromatography and ammonium sulfate salting‐out

In this work, a novel method was established to isolate and purify Human plasminogen Kringle 5 (HPK5) as a histidine‐tagged fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). This method consisted of sample extraction using a Ni‐chelated Sepharose Fast‐Flow affinity column, ammonium sulfate salting‐out and Sephadex G‐75 size‐exclusion column in turn. The purity analysis by SDS–PAGE, high‐performance size‐exclusion and reversed‐phase chromatographies showed that the obtained recombinant fusion HPK5 was homogeneous and its purity was higher than 96%; the activity analysis by chorioallantoic membrane model of chicken embryos revealed that the purified recombinant HPK5 exhibited an obvious anti‐angiogenic activity under the effective range of 5.0–25.0 µg/mL. Through this procedure, about 19 mg purified recombinant fusion HPK5 can be obtained from 1 L of original fermentation solution. Approximate 32% of the total recombinant fusion HPK5 can be captured and the total yield was approximately 11%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Isolation and identification of nondestructive desulfurization bacterium

A nondestructive desulfurization microorganism has been isolated. The metabolism product analyses show that the strain can be a kind of biocatalyst to oxidize dibenzothiophene (DBT) into 2-hydroxydiphenyl (HBP), therefore the sulfur in DBT is removed selectively. The 16SrRNA information, cell wall analysis, physical, biochemical properties and morphological properties suggest that the isolated strain is Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow in the basal salts medium (BSM) that DBT concentration is no more than 10 mmol/L, and the optimal DBT concentration for growth is 1 mmol/L, however, the optimal DBT concentration for desulfurization is 0.5 mmol/L. The further research shows that the strain can also desulfur some other or-ganosulfur-containing compounds such as thianaphthene, phenyl sulfide and 4,6-dimethyldiben-zothiophene (4,6-DMDBT).     

Performance of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation

The performance of sulfate-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation was studied. The results showed that both SO₄ ²⁻ and NH₄ ⁺ were chemically stable under anaerobic conditions. They did not react with each other in the absence of biological catalyst (sludge). The anaerobic digested sludge cultivated in an anaerobic reactor for three years took on the ability of oxidizing ammonium with sulfate anaerobically. The average reduction of sulfate and ammonium was 71.67 mg·L⁻¹ and 56.82 mg·L⁻¹ at high concentrations. The reaction between SO₄ ²⁻ and NH₄ ⁺ was difficult, though feasible, due to its low standard Gibbs free energy change. The experiment demonstrated that high substrate concentrations and low oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) may be favourable for the biological reaction. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30770039) and the High-tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA06Z332)     

硫酸铵的热分解

目前 ,关于各种无机酸铵盐的热分解情况都研究得比较清楚 ,但关于硫酸铵热分解情况的报道结果则不一致[1 - 7] 。本文对硫酸铵在各种温度下的常量热分解进行了研究 ,探讨其热分解机理 ,以利于对磷石膏 (主要成分为ＣａＳＯ4)的开发利用提供新的思路和方法[8] 。1　实验坩锅炉中热分解　约 1 0ｇ(ＮＨ4) 2 ＳＯ4置于恒重坩埚中 ,再放入坩埚炉中升温至设定温度 ,恒温0 5ｈ ,取出冷却 ,称重。并将坩埚中残余物用水溶解 ,测定水溶液中的Ｈ+、ＮＨ+4、ＳＯ2 -4 等离子的含量。其中ＮＨ+4含量采用甲醛法测定 ,ＳＯ2 -4 含量采用硫酸钡重量法测定…     

Isolation and structural identification of the main anthocyanin monomer in Vitis amurensis Rupr

Many types of anthocyanins are present in Vitis amurensis Rupr of ‘Beibinghong’, which is grown in North-east China and has high antioxidant activity. However, the anthocyanin with the highest content in V. amurensis Rupr has not yet been identified. In this study, pulsed electric field extraction and semi-preparative liquid phase separation were used to isolate the anthocyanin monomer from ‘Beibinghong’. UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to identify the anthocyanin monomer. The antioxidant activities of the anthocyanin monomer were also analysed. Malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside was identified as the main anthocyanin in V. amurensis Rupr, which could be used as a raw material for its extraction. Furthermore, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside can be potentially used as a functional food, and a novel therapeutic and preventive agent for oxidative stress-related diseases. This study provides technical information for the future purification and structural identification of anthocyanins.     

Rapid desalting and protein recovery with phenol after ammonium sulfate fractionation

Ammonium sulfate (AS) fractionation is often used in protein and enzyme purification; however, the resultant protein pellets have a high salt content and desalting by dialysis is required prior to next analysis. Here, we have developed a phenol-based method for quick desalting and concentrating proteins after AS fractionation of complex olive leaf protein extract. After redissolving, AS precipitates were desalted with phenol extraction and the abundance of beta-glucosidase in each fraction was monitored with a specific antibody. The results of electrophoresis and Western blot showed the feasibility of the method. The method is quick and universal, and does not need much technique.     

硫酸高铈铵分光光度法测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素

建立了葡萄籽提取物中原花青素测定的新方法 硫酸高铈铵分光光度法。它是基于原花青素与Ce4 在强酸性介质中反应生成无色的Ce3 ,通过测定黄色高铈盐的吸光度,间接测定原花青素,Ce4 在319nm波长处具有最大吸收。该方法的线性范围为0.12～10μg mL,RSD为0.98%～1.1%,回收率为97.2%～102.8%,相关系数r=0.9992,检出限为0.04μg mL。     

Proteomic analysis of Helicobacter pylori cellular proteins fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation

Among 1590 ORFs in the Helicobacter pylori genome, >250 have been identified as authentic genes by proteomic analysis. Low-abundance proteins need to be enriched to a minimal amount for MALDI-TOF analysis and salt precipitation has generally been used for protein enrichment. Here, a whole-cell extract of H. pylori strain 26695 was subjected to protein fractionation with stepwise concentrations of ammonium sulfate and the proteins were displayed by 2-DE. The protein spots were quantified using PDQUEST software and identified by peptide fingerprinting. The 2-DE profiles and intensities of individual protein spots differed among the protein fractions. Out of the 98 identified proteins, 61 were found in the stepwise ammonium sulfate fractions but not in the whole-cell extract. Out of these, 37 proteins, including KdsA, were found exclusively in a single fraction. In contrast, GroEL, UreA, UreB, TrxA, NapA, and FldA were ubiquitously present in all fractions. Iron-containing proteins such as NapA, SodB, CeuE, and Pfr were found predominantly in the 100% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitate. Additionally, 29 proteins were newly identified in this study. These data will facilitate the preparation of significant H. pylori proteins, as well as provide information about low-abundance proteins.     

离子色谱测定农用硫酸铵中4种杂质阴离子

建立了离子色谱法同时测定农用硫酸铵中氟、氯、溴、硫氰酸盐的分析方法。样品经水提取,Ba离子柱净化后,离子色谱法测定。4种阴离子浓度在各自线性范围内与相应峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数r＞0.999,加标回收率为80.23%～111.50%,精密度（RSD）为0.62%~9.08%。称样量为0.1g时,氟、氯的方法检出限为10mg/kg;溴、硫氰酸盐方法检出限为20mg/kg。该方法样品前处理简单、快捷,重复性及回收率均能达到检测分析要求,可以应用于农用硫酸铵中杂质阴离子的检测。     

Thermochemical investigations of natural phosphate with ammonium sulfate additive

Summary The free energy of the acidic ammonium sulfate is a good precondition its use as an additive or reagent for decomposition of natural phosphates on the way to obtain NPS or NPKS complex fertilizers. During our previous studies it was confirmed that as a result of thermo-mechanical treatment new solid phases are formed as a result of the phosphates decomposition. The aim of this study is to find out appropriate conditions for thermal treatment of Tunisia phosphorite with ammonium sulfate where the content of P₂O₅ soluble forms has its maximum. The process was investigated under dynamic thermal conditions. Structure and phase transformations of the mixtures to intermediate and final solid products are confirmed by different techniques. X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy have been applied successfully and relationship found between phase structure and thermal treatment applied. As a result of the complex studies optimal temperatures are determined. The solid products under optimal conditions contain phosphorous in soluble forms available for plants in the soil. As a final it is concluded that the final products could be used as complex mineral fertilizers.     

十二水合硫酸铁铵催化合成己二酸二乙酯的研究

以十二水合硫酸铁胺为催化剂合成了己二酸二乙酯,确定了酯化优化条件。实验结果表明,催化剂的催化活性高,反应条件温和,方法简便,酯化率优良。     

The influence of indoxyl sulfate and ammonium on the autofluorescence of human urine

Despite biological variability the spectral characteristics of undiluted human urine show relatively low autofluorescence at short UV (250-300 nm) excitation. However with dilution the fluorescence intensity remarkably increases. This paper examines the mechanisms behind this effect, by using excitation-emission matrices. Corrections for the inner filter effect were made for improved understanding of the spectral patterns. We focused on three major fluorophores (tryptophan, indoxyl sulfate and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate) that are excited at these wavelengths, and whose content in urine is strongly linked with various health conditions. Their fluorescence was studied both individually and in combinations. We also examined the effect of ammonium on the fluorescence of these major fluorophores individually and in combinations. Through these studies we have identified the leading effects that reduce the UV fluorescence, namely higher concentration of indoxyl sulfate producing the inner filter effect and concentration quenching and quenching of fluorophores by ammonium. This result will assist in broader utilisation of UV fluorescence in medical diagnostics.     

Isolation and identification of anthraquinones of Caloplaca cerina and Cassia tora

Five hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives physcion, emodin, fallacinal, teloschistin, and 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone were isolated from the lichen Caloplaca cerina growing in Serbia. Three anthraquinone derivatives, namely physcion, emodin, and rhein were isolated and identified from the Thai medicinal plant Cassia tora. Presented at the 33rd International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 22–26 May 2006.     

硫酸铵添加剂对生物质富氧混烧过程中氯与氮协同转化特性的影响

在50 kW循环流化床燃烧实验台进行了O_2/CO_2气氛下硫酸铵添加剂对生物质和半焦混烧过程中K/S/Cl迁移和N_2O/NO排放影响实验研究。结果表明,硫酸铵添加剂从提升管喷入后能够明显降低积灰中Cl含量,同时显著降低烟气中NO浓度。此外,硫酸铵添加剂还能够增强碱金属K向底渣和循环灰迁移转化,从而降低积灰中碱金属K含量。实验表明,硫酸铵添加剂的最佳喷入位置在提升管中上部。     

LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of serum p‐cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

p‐Cresol sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are protein‐bound uremic toxins that accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are closely associated with the mortality rate of CKD and morbidity of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we established a rapid method for determination of pCS and IS by HPLC‐MS/MS in serum samples from 205 CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. In brief, serum was extracted by acetonitrile and spiked with hydrochlorothiazide. The prepared sample was eluted through HPLC column (Agilent Zorbax SB‐C₁₈, 3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate solution (10:90, v/v) for subsequent detection of pCS and IS by MS/MS. The linearity ranged from 50 to 10,000 ng/mL for pCS (r > 0.99), and from 500 to 10,000 ng/mL for IS (r > 0.99). The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL for pCS, and 500 ng/mL for IS. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra‐ and inter‐day precision was within ±15%. The results showed that pCS and IS levels were partially correlated with renal function in CKD patients, and IS was directly related to serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate.     

Irradiation of ferrous ammonium sulfate for its use as high absorbed dose and low-temperature dosimeter

In the present paper, we study the response of crystalline ammonium ferrous sulfate as a function of the irradiation dose and temperature. The dose studied ranged from 33.5 to 546 kGy. The temperature regimen varied from 77 K (liquid nitrogen) to 311 K. The analysis of the samples was made by UV spectroscopy and EPR.The results show that the change in absorbance of the dosimeter was linear with respect to the absorbed dose in the range studied. There is a small influence of the irradiation temperature in the response of the iron salt. The dose rate and storage time after irradiation was of no importance in this application.     

Isolation,purification, and identification of the main phenolic compounds from leaves of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill./Pers.)

We developed a simple and meaningful preparative method for the separation and purification of the main phenolic compounds from the leaves of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce Mill./Pers.) and we established an accurate and specific analytical method for the identification of the main phenolic compounds from celery leaves. The crude extract from celery leaves was prefractioned by polyamide resin to enrich the phenolic compounds. They were then purified further by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography, and seven main phenolic compounds were obtained: including chlorogenic acid, luteolin 7‐O‐β‐d‐ apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranoside, luteolin 7‐O‐β‐d‐ glucopyranoside, apiin, chrysoeriol 7‐O‐β‐d‐ apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐β‐d‐ glucopyranoside, luteolin 7‐O‐[β‐d‐ apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)]‐β‐d‐ glucopyranoside, and apigenin 7‐O‐[β‐d‐ apiofuranosyl(1→2)‐(6′′‐O‐malonyl)]‐β‐d‐ glucopyranoside. Their purities were measured by using high‐performance liquid chromatography, and their chemical structures were confirmed using UV spectrophotometry, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Our studies indicate that preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with polyamide resin is a simple and meaningful preparative method for the separation and purification of phenolic compounds from the leaves of celery or other plants, and the use of UV spectrophotometry, ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy is an accurate and specific analytical method for the identification of phenolic compounds.     

NH3和SO3对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成的影响

通过建立具有更精确的SO₃组分的实验室模拟烟气系统,同步研究了反应物浓度对硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成率和生成进度（生成速率）的影响。在实验浓度范围内,硫酸氢铵的开始生成温度为230-270℃,峰值温度为180-240℃,硫酸铵开始生成温度及峰值温度总体上比硫酸氢铵低40℃左右。硫酸氢铵的生成率明显高于硫酸铵,根据NH₃和SO₃浓度与物质的量比不同,烟温到120℃时,硫酸氢铵的生成率为64%-90%,硫酸铵的生成率为6%-15%,硫酸氢铵的生成率为硫酸铵的6-10倍。反应物浓度的增加会促进硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵的生成,且SO₃较NH₃更有利于硫酸氢铵的生成。硫酸氢铵和硫酸铵生成份额随温度的变化呈单峰状,且随着反应物浓度的增加,其峰值所在的温度区间逐渐升高。