基于对数解调的递变能量CT成像方法

复杂结构件由于有效厚度差异大和成像系统动态范围受限, 单一能量下的投影数据信息不完整, 常用CT重建算法及不完全数据重建算法无法在数据缺失严重的情况, 有效实现复杂结构件的CT重建. 为此论文提出基于对数解调的递变能量CT成像方法. 该方法在分析直接高动态CT成像所存在问题的基础上, 提出利用对数变换压缩递变能量投影序列动态范围, 并利用现有的基于图像灰度一致性的融合方法, 计算融合加权系数, 再经常规重建算法实现复杂构件的CT成像. 论文并以某复杂仪表为对象, 进行实验, 相比传统的固定能量成像方式, CT信息完整, 质量高. 从而说明论文所提出的方法, 能够实现CT系统动态范围的扩展, 实现复杂结构件的高动态CT成像.     

HXMT主探测器磁屏蔽设计与实验结果

硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)致力于实现硬X射线的高灵敏度巡天观测, 描绘硬X射线天图, 并对特殊天体作高灵敏度连续观测, 得到其辐射的能谱和时间变化等. 为了减少空间磁场对观测的影响, 确保本底计数的稳定性和能谱测量的精度, 我们用坡莫合金制成的磁屏蔽罩对HXMT主探测器的光电倍增管(PMT)进行了磁屏蔽处理. 实测表明, 在地面地磁场环境下PMT的最大增益变化幅度为6%; 它与自动增益控制系统配合能使在轨PMT增益变化幅度小于1%, 探测器本底计数变化小于0.1%.     

发现暗物质存在的直接证据

美国天文学家宣布观测到暗物质．人们相信暗物质这种神秘的物质在宇宙中的总量约占宇宙总量的1／4，是“明物质”（普通物质）的5倍，在遥远的30亿光年之外有两个巨大的星系正在发生碰撞，美国NASA的钱德勒X射线望远镜和哈勃望远镜、欧洲南方天文台的超大望远镜和麦哲伦望远镜都在观察着这个壮丽的宇宙奇观，碰撞的能量非常巨大，以致使暗物质和明物质发生分离，这给了我们一个非常好的研究暗物质的机会，虽然科学家们至今仍在研究神秘的暗物质究竟以什么形态存在，但有确凿的证据显示这个宇宙中的物质大部分是暗物质。（相关论文将于近日在《天体物理杂志》发表）     

激光多普勒微振动信号的直接强度解调

在传统的激光多普勒测振方法中,频移信号的检测通常需要具有比较复杂的频率或相位解调系统。从激光多普勒频移和干涉理论出发,提出了一种测量振幅小于纳米量级的方法———直接强度解调法。分析了直接强度解调法的适用范围。实验中利用了迈克尔逊干涉仪结构,采用了直接强度解调的方法。对振幅约为1nm的振动信号来说,其信噪比为23dB。     

无线光通信中一种迭代解调的比特交织乘积编码脉冲位置调制

针对无线光通信脉冲位置调制(PPM)与信道纠错编码的有效结合问题,提出一种大气无线光通信乘积编码PPM新方案.将比特交织和迭代技术引入分组乘积编码PPM中,利用比特交织使信号衰落变得独立,并根据最大似然准则推导得到了弱湍流高斯级联信道下PPM软解调方法,将其与分组码的软输入软输出(SISO)译码算法相结合,进行解调译码...     

混沌直接序列扩频信号盲解调的硬件电路实现

提出了基于现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA) 技术的混沌直接序列扩频信号盲解调的硬件电路实现方法. 设计了混沌直接序列扩频信号发射机与接收机. 发射机可产生10种不同的混沌直接序列扩频信号. 为方便接收机的硬件电路实现, 对无先导卡尔曼滤波混沌拟合盲解调算法进行了简化, 在简化模型的基础上设计了接收机硬件结构. 提出了一种动态调整偏移因子的新方法, 使接收机能实时适应混沌映射的变化. 通过高斯白噪声信道及多径信道条件下的盲解调实验, 验证了盲解调算法硬件实现的抗噪声与抗多径性能, 以及对10种不同的混沌直接序列扩频信号的自适应破译效果. 关键词： FPGA 混沌直接序列扩频通信 盲解调     

A study of the pointed observation methods and sensitivity of HXMT

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope （HXMT） is an X-ray astronomy satellite consisting of three slat-collimated instruments, the High Energy X-ray Instrument （HE）, the Medium Energy X-ray Instrument （ME）, and the Low Energy X-ray Instrument （LE）. HXMT will carry out an all sky survey and make pointed observations in the 1-250 keV energy band. In order to get the source and background fluxes simultaneously in the pointed observations, two methods, i.e., the combined field of view （FOV） method and the off-axis pointing method are proposed in this paper. Comprehensive analyses of the sensitivities of the three instruments by using these two methods are presented, respectively. It is found that the off-axis pointing method has a higher sensitivity for HE and ME but a lower sensitivity for LE. Since the axes of the three instruments are aligned along the same direction, the off-axis pointing method is recommended as the main method in the pointed observation for HXMT; the combined FOV method can be used when LE is the most relevant instrument in order to satisfy the scientific objective of the observation.     

最小均方误差解调算法在彩色超声血流成像中的研究

研究了最小均方误差正交解调算法在超声血流成像中的应用。首先由设计的期望信号与接收信号在最小均方误差原则下得到其迭代解调形式,获得回波信号同相分量和正交分量,然后由得到的正交解调信号通过自相关的方法对血流流速进行估计。解调算法的仿真结果表明,对高斯噪声信噪比为0.5—10dB的正弦波调制信号,解调输出平均信噪比与Hilbert变换法和I/Q解调法相比分别提高了15dB和4dB;血流成像的仿真结果表明,在流速估计性能相当的情况下,解调的乘法运算量仅分别为上述对比方法的18%和9%。因此在超声血流成像中应用最小均方误差正交解调算法,对于提高估计性能和降低运算量都有一定意义。     

傅里叶望远镜部分周期信号解调及对成像的影响

为了解决傅里叶望远镜高功率短脉宽激光只能包含部分周期信号的难题,本文提出多脉冲拼接技术并对其基本原理和应用范围进行深入研究.首先介绍高功率短脉宽激光与声光移频器移频带宽之间的矛盾,进而引出利用傅里叶望远镜传统时间解调公式进行部分周期信号解调存在的困难.然后给出多脉冲拼接技术的基本理论,推导出理想情况下移频频率、脉冲重复率和脉宽满足的拼接条件.进而详细分析移频频率稳定性和脉冲重复率稳定性对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响,并通过计算机仿真研究一般情况下脉宽变化对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响.最后得出移频频率和脉冲重复率对成像无影响,激光脉宽变化小于25％仍可识别目标轮廓的结论.     

傅里叶望远镜部分周期信号解调及对成像的影响

为了解决傅里叶望远镜高功率短脉宽激光只能包含部分周期信号的难题,本文提出多脉冲拼接技术并对其基本原理和应用范围进行深入研究.首先介绍高功率短脉宽激光与声光移频器移频带宽之间的矛盾,进而引出利用傅里叶望远镜传统时间解调公式进行部分周期信号解调存在的困难.然后给出多脉冲拼接技术的基本理论,推导出理想情况下移频频率、脉冲重复率和脉宽满足的拼接条件.进而详细分析移频频率稳定性和脉冲重复率稳定性对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响,并通过计算机仿真研究一般情况下脉宽变化对多脉冲拼接成像结果的影响.最后得出移频频率和脉冲重复率对成像无影响,激光脉宽变化小于25%仍可识别目标轮廓的结论.     

HXMT卫星地面样机成像实验

硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)致力于实现硬X射线能段的高灵敏度巡天.HXMT地面样机已在中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理重点实验室建成.它包括18个栅条准直的NaI(Tl)/CsI(Na)复合晶体探测器,总有效探测面积为5000cm². 探测器工作在20—250keV,视场范围5.7°×5.7°通过近距离放射源成像实验和直接解调成像方法的使用,地面样机能够达到2'点源定位精度和5'角分辨率(FWHM).     

带加速因子的线性方程组通用性迭代解法程序实现

本文用C语言实现了带加速因子的线性方程组通用性迭代解法，并通过若干测试用例对该算法进行了验证。测试结果表明：该算法对任意相容线性代数方程组均收敛，且收敛速度较快。     

High-Precision Direct Method for the Radiative Transfer Problems

It is the main aim of this paper to investigate the numerical methods of the radiative transfer equation.Using the five-point formula to approximate the differential part and the Simpson formula to substitute for integral part respectively, a new high-precision numerical scheme, which has 4-order local truncation error, is obtained. Subsequently,a numerical example for radiative transfer equation is carried out, and the calculation results show that the new numerical scheme is more accurate.     

Approximate Similarity Reduction for Perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation via Lie Symmetry Method and Direct Method

The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbation method and the approximate direct method. The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtained for both methods, series reduction solutions are consequently derived. Higher order similarity reduction equations are linear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations. By comparison, it is find that the results generated from the approximate direct method are more general than the results generated from the approximate symmetry perturbation method.     

Some New Lie Symmetry Groups of Differential-Difference Equations Obtained from a Simple Direct Method

In this paper, based on the symbolic computing system Maple, the direct method for Lie symmetry groups presented by Sen-Yue Lou [J. Phys. A： Math. Gen. 38 （2005） L129] is extended from the continuous differential equations to the differential-difference equations. With the extended method, we study the well-known differential-difference KP equation, KZ equation and （2＋1）-dimensional ANNV system, and both the Lie point symmetry groups and the non-Lie symmetry groups are obtained.     

Approximate Similarity Reduction for Perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation via Lie Symmetry Method and Direct Method

The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbation method and the approximate direct method. The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtained for both methods, series reduction solutions are consequently derived. Higher order similarity reduction equations are linear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations. By comparison, it is find that the results generated from the approximate direct method are more general than the results generated from the approximate symmetry perturbation method.     

Direct Perturbation Method for Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

We extend Lou's direct perturbation method for solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation to the case of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLSE). By applying this method, different types of perturbation solutions are obtained. Based on these approximate solutions, the analytical forms of soliton parameters, such as the velocity, the width and the initial position, are carried out and the effects of perturbation on solitons are analyzed at the same time. A numerical simulation of perturbed DNLSE finally verifies the results of the perturbation method.     

Some New Lie Symmetry Groups of Differential-Difference Equations Obtained from a Simple Direct Method

In this paper, based on the symbolic computing system Maple, the direct method for Lie symmetry groups presented by Sen-Yue Lou [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 38 (2005) L129] is extended from the continuous differential equations to the differential-difference equations. With the extended method, we study the well-known differential-difference KP equation, KZ equation and (2+1)-dimensional ANNV system, and both the Lie point symmetry groups and the non-Lie symmetry groups are obtained.     

颗粒碰撞的直接模拟算法

为研究细微颗粒间平均碰撞率,构建了直接模拟三维空间内颗粒碰撞的数值方法.对剪切流内夹带的无惯性颗粒和自由运动颗粒的碰撞过程分别进行了数值模拟,得到的颗粒平均碰撞率的模拟值与理论值的相对误差小于1%.在碰撞颗粒对的搜索过程中,引入网络排除法等优化措施,使计算量降低两个量级以上,而不增大相对误差.采用不同的Δt模拟同一颗粒群的运动,发现较小的时间步长可以避免因为截断误差增大的相对误差.在不遗失颗粒碰撞的条件下,较密的计算网格可明显减少计算量.     

Generating Lie Point Symmetry Groups of (2+1)-Dimensional Broer-Kaup Equation via a Simple Direct Method

Using the (2+1)-dimensional Broer-Kaup equation as an simple example, a new direct method is developed to find symmetry groups and symmetry algebras and then exact solutions of nonlinear mathematical physical equations.