连续变量纠缠增强对实验参量的依赖关系

具有正交振幅和正交相位分量量子关联的连续变量量子纠缠态光场是进行量子信息和量子计算研究的最基本的资源。随着量子信息和量子计算研究的深入开展,为了实现高质量的信息传递和高效率的量子计算,必须尽可能提高所利用的纠缠态光场的纠缠度。基于光学参变过程量子纠缠增强是提高连续变量纠缠态光场纠缠度的一种有效方法,详细讨论了连续变量纠缠增强与非简并光学参变放大器各实验参量的关系,讨论了这些参量对纠缠增强的影响。计算结果将为优化利用非简并光学参变放大器构建的纠缠增强系统,进一步提高量子纠缠增强效率提供参考。     

利用非简并光学参量振荡腔产生连续变量三色三组分纠缠态

利用半经典理论方法计算了运转于阈值以上的非简并光学参量振荡腔输出信号场、闲置场及反射抽运场的关联特性. 根据 van Loock 等提出的连续变量多组分纠缠判据, 计算结果表明, 常温下这三个光场的正交振幅分量与正交位相分量之间存在三组分量子关联, 得到了三色三组分纠缠态光场. 数值计算了关联噪声对参量振荡腔物理参数的依赖关系, 找出了产生三色三组分纠缠态产生的最佳运转条件, 为连续变量多组分纠缠态光场产生系统的设计提供了直接参考. 关键词： 连续变量 非简并光学参量振荡腔 三色三组分纠缠态     

1.5μm光通信波段明亮压缩态光场的产生及其Wigner函数的重构

1.5 μm光通信波段非经典光场在光纤中有着极低的传输损耗, 因而是基于光纤的实用化连续变量量子信息研究的重要资源. 本文利用周期极化磷酸氧钛晶体构成的半整块结构简并光学参量放大器, 实验获得了连续变量1.5 μm光通信波段的明亮压缩态光场. 光学参量放大器的阈值功率为230 mW. 当780 nm抽运光场功率为110 mW, 1.5 μm注入信号光场功率为3 mW时, 连续变量1.5 μm明亮正交位相压缩态光场的压缩度达4.7 dB. 进而利用时域零拍探测系统测量压缩态, 采用量子层析技术重构了该明亮正交位相压缩态光场的Wigner准概率分布函数.     

Derivation of classical capacity of a quantum channel for a discrete information source

We prove that the classical capacity of a quantum channel for M symmetric states is achieved by a uniform distribution on a priori probabilities. We also investigate nonsymmetric cases such as a ternary amplitude shift keyed signal set and a 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated signal set in coherent states.     

Protection of Quantum Correlation Through the Quantum Erasing Effect

By taking into account the quantum erasing effect(QEE), the quantum discord (QD) behavior of a two-qubit system with different initial states are investigated in detail. We find that the quantum correlation can be saved under a scheme of two spatially separated atoms, each located in a leaky cavity through the quantum erasing method. It is shown that QEE can weaken the effects of decoherence, and preserve the maximum information of the coherent item. No matter whether the two atoms are in the mixted or pure state, one can robusty save their initial quantum correlation even the number of erasing events is finite. If one limit the erasing events N → ∞, the QEE can be used to protect the initial quantum correlation independently of the state in which it is stored, the values of QD is always nearly equal to the initial QD values, and it is nearly independent of the decoherence, which imply us more encourage strategy for protecting the quantum correlation properties in some quantum systems.     

多个量子节点确定性纠缠的建立

量子纠缠是一种重要的量子资源,在多个空间分离的量子存储器间建立确定性的量子纠缠,然后在用户控制的时刻将所存储的量子纠缠转移到量子信道中进行信息的分发和传送,这对于实现量子信息网络是至关重要的.本文介绍了用光学参量放大器制备与铷原子D1吸收线对应的非经典光场,而且在三个空间分离的原子系综中确定性量子纠缠的产生、存储和转移.利用电磁感应透明光和原子相互作用的原理,将制备的多组分光场纠缠态模式映射到三个远距离的原子系综以建立原子自旋波之间的纠缠.然后,存储在原子系综中的纠缠态通过三个量子通道,纠缠态的量子噪声被转移到三束空间分离的正交纠缠光场.三束释放的光场间纠缠的存在验证了该系统具有保持多组分纠缠的能力.这个方案实现了三个量子节点间的纠缠,并且可以直接扩展到具有更多节点的量子网络,为未来实现大型量子网络通信奠定了基础.     

Four modes of optical parametric operation for squeezed state generation

We report a versatile instrument, based on a monolithic optical parametric amplifier, which reliably generates four different types of squeezed light. We obtained vacuum squeezing, low power amplitude squeezing, phase squeezing and bright amplitude squeezing. We show a complete analysis of this light, including a full quantum state tomography. In addition we demonstrate the direct detection of the squeezed state statistics without the aid of a spectrum analyser. This technique makes the nonclassical properties directly visible and allows complete measurement of the statistical moments of the squeezed quadrature.Received: 10 March 2003, Published online: 26 August 2003PACS: 42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurementsU.L. Andersen: Present address: Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.     

Continuous-wave quantum nondemolition measurements with vacuum and nonclassical meter input

QND measurements of the amplitude quadrature of continuous-wave light are performed with a monolithic dual-port degenerate optical parametric amplifier (OPA). Operated with a vacuum meter input, both output beams are squeezed and 33% correlated, demonstrating individually squeezed twin beams. The sum of the signal and meter transfer coefficients is 1.05, demonstrating operation as a quantum optical tap. The device exhibits quantum state preparation ability for both signal and meter output, reaching the conditional variances of dB and dB, respectively. An improved quantum measurement is realized by injecting 3.4 dB amplitude-squeezed light into the meter input port of the OPA. This achieves increased correlation and squeezing of the output beams, and both improved operation as a quantum optical tap and as a quantum state preparator. The all-solid-state system was operated for up to 5 hours with high stability. Received: 25 July 1996     

The atom-cavity system as a generator of quadrature squeezed states

This paper describes experiments with a coupled atom-cavity system generating quadrature squeezed states of light. A wide range of parameters was explored and a regime was found where a beam of laser light with significant power (0.17 mW) and good noise suppression (measured 18±3%, inferred 50±10%) was observed. An analysis of the exact phase of the noise suppression shows it to be a minimum uncertainty state with reduced noise in a combined amplitude/phase quadrature. The observations are in good qualitative agreement with a full quantum theory of squeezing in optical bistability.     

Experimental state tomography of itinerant single microwave photons

A wide range of experiments studying microwave photons localized in superconducting cavities have made important contributions to our understanding of the quantum properties of radiation. Propagating microwave photons, however, have so far been studied much less intensely. Here we present measurements in which we reconstruct the quantum state of itinerant single photon Fock states and their superposition with the vacuum by analyzing moments of the measured amplitude distribution up to fourth order. Using linear amplifiers and quadrature amplitude detectors, we have developed efficient methods to separate the detected single photon signal from the noise added by the amplifier. From our measurement data we have also reconstructed the corresponding Wigner function.     

Geometric phase and nonadiabatic effects in an electronic harmonic oscillator

Steering a quantum harmonic oscillator state along cyclic trajectories leads to a path-dependent geometric phase. Here we describe its experimental observation in an electronic harmonic oscillator. We use a superconducting qubit as a nonlinear probe of the phase, which is otherwise unobservable due to the linearity of the oscillator. We show that the geometric phase is, for a variety of cyclic paths, proportional to the area enclosed in the quadrature plane. At the transition to the nonadiabatic regime, we study corrections to the phase and dephasing of the qubit caused by qubit-resonator entanglement. In particular, we identify parameters for which this dephasing mechanism is negligible even in the nonadiabatic regime. The demonstrated controllability makes our system a versatile tool to study geometric phases in open quantum systems and to investigate their potential for quantum information processing.     

Recording quantum properties of light in a long-lived atomic spin state: towards quantum memory

We report an experiment on mapping a quantum state of light onto the ground state spin of an ensemble of Cs atoms with the lifetime of 2 ms. Recording of one of the two quadrature phase operators of light is demonstrated with vacuum and squeezed states of light. The sensitivity of the mapping procedure at the level of approximately 1 photon/sec per Hz is shown. The results pave the road towards complete (storing both quadrature phase observables) quantum memory for Gaussian states of light. The experiment also sheds new light on fundamental limits of sensitivity of the magneto-optical resonance method.     

QUANTUM NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS OF TO PHONONS VIA DETECTING ANTI-STOKES FIELD

A scheme of quantum nondemolition measurement of transverse optical phonons in a Raman crystal is presented through detecting an anti-Stokes field. The exact solutions of the system is obtained. According to the calculation of the criteria for quantum nondemolition measurements, it is shown that under certain conditions the amplitude quadrature component of the phonon mode can be measured without demolition by the phase quadrature component of the anti-Stokes mode.     

Phase-measurement interferometry as a simulation of optimal quantum-state tomography

In this work we present an optical simulation of quantum tomography for state reconstruction based on projective measurements on mutually unbiased bases (MUBs-QT). A quantum state of dimension D = 2 is codified in the amplitude and phases of spatially separated beams in the arms of a Michelson interferometer. The quantum tomography is performed by introducing different displacements in one of the arms of the interferometer and recording the interferograms. We show that in this case the MUBs-QT is equivalent to obtain the set of measurements to extract information from the amplitude and phase of a wavefront using the four step phase shift interferometry.     

优化抽运空间分布实现连续变量超纠缠的纠缠增强

超纠缠近年来受到人们广泛的关注,其在量子信息和量子通信领域具有非常重要的作用.在Liu等(2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 170501)的工作中,他们利用二类相位匹配的非简并光学参量放大器获得了约1.00 dB的同时具有轨道角动量和自旋角动量纠缠的连续变量超纠缠态.在此基础上,本文通过进一步分析抽运模式与下转换模式间的纠缠关系,优化了抽运空间构造.实验结果表明,相比Liu等利用高斯基模做抽运场,使用优化的抽运模式时轨道角动量纠缠和自旋角动量纠缠的不可分度分别提高了96.2%和96.3%,最终将超纠缠态的纠缠度提高到了(4.00±0.02) dB,为连续变量超纠缠态的进一步应用奠定了基础.     

No-switching quantum key distribution using broadband modulated coherent light

We realize an end-to-end no-switching quantum key distribution protocol using continuous-wave coherent light. We encode weak broadband Gaussian modulations onto the amplitude and phase quadratures of light beams. Our no-switching protocol achieves high secret key rate via a post-selection protocol that utilizes both quadrature information simultaneously. We establish a secret key rate of 25 Mbits/s for a lossless channel and 1 kbit/s for 90% channel loss, per 17 MHz of detected bandwidth, assuming individual Gaussian eavesdropping attacks. Since our scheme is truly broadband, it can potentially deliver orders of magnitude higher key rates by extending the encoding bandwidth with higher-end telecommunication technology.     

利用量子相干性判定开放二能级系统中非马尔可夫性

从量子相干性包括l₁ norm相干性和量子相对熵相干性的角度建立了判定开放量子系统中非马尔可夫过程的方法, 并给出了相应的判别条件. 作为它们的具体应用, 研究了一个两能级系统分别经历相位衰减通道、 随机幺正通道和振幅耗散通道作用时对应的非马尔可夫过程发生必须满足的条件. 对于三种通道模型, 得到了l₁ norm相干性对系统任意态非马尔可夫过程发生的判别条件, 并发现在相位衰减通道和振幅耗散通道中其非马尔可夫过程发生 的条件与用其他方式如信息回流、可分性和量子互熵给出的条件是相同的, 而在随机幺正通道中给出了一个新的且不完全等价于基于信息回流和可分性对应的条件. 至于量子相对熵相干性, 在相位衰减通道中得到了对系统任意态的非马尔可夫过程发生的具体条件, 并发现该条件也等同于基于信息回流、可分性和量子互熵给出的条件. 而在随机幺正通道和振幅耗散通道中得到了系统最大相干态对应的非马尔可夫过程发生的条件.     

Quasihole Tunneling in Disordered Fractional Quantum Hall Systems

Fractional quantum Hall systems are often described by model wave functions,which are the ground states of pure systems with short-range interaction.A primary example is the Laughlin wave function,which supports Abelian quasiparticles with fractionalized charge.In the presence of disorder,the wave function of the ground state is expected to deviate from the Laughlin form.We study the disorder-driven colla.pse of the quantum Hall state by analyzing the evolution of the ground state and the single-quasihole state.In particular,we demonstrate that the quasihole tunneling amplitude can signal the fractional quantum Hall phase to insulator transition.     

Quantum State Sharing by Using Two-Mode and Single-Mode Squeezed State Lights

We propose a quantum state sharing scheme for continuous variables using bright two-mode squeezed state and single-mode squeezed state light. The squeezing of a single-mode state is applied to enhance the security of information in quantum teleportation network. The signal-to-noise ratio of communication and the fidelity between the secret and reconstruction state are analysed. It is shown that both the receivers of Bob and Charlie cannot extract information with a high signal-to-noise ratio because of the large noise come from the other quadrature component of single mode squeezed state. Anyone of Bob and Charlie can retrieve the quantum state with a high signal-to-noise ratio if and only if the other one cooperates with the measurement.     

基于量子增强型光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的低频信号测量

利用低频光通信波段真空压缩态光场可实现基于光纤的量子精密测量.本文利用简并光学参量振荡器实验制备出1550 nm低频真空压缩态光场.在分析频段10—500 kHz范围内压缩态光场的压缩度均达3 dB.用实验制备的1550 nm真空压缩态光场填补光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的真空通道,实现了量子增强型光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,完成了突破标准量子极限的相位调制频率为500 kHz的低频信号测量.与光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪相比,测量信噪比提高了2 dB.