Zero-temperature d-wave superconducting phase transition

The Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson theory that describes the disordered-metal- d-wave-superconductor phase transition at zero temperature is derived at weak coupling. The theory represents an interacting dissipative system of bosonic Cooper pairs in an effective random potential. I show that there exists a wide crossover regime in the theory controlled by a line of Gaussian fixed points, each of which in two dimensions is characterized by a different universal value of the dc critical conductivity. Relation to experiments on overdoped and underdoped cuprates is discussed.     

The phase diagram of the superconducting state of superconductor-band-antiferromagnet superlattices

The formation of the superconducting phase in short-period proximity-effect layered superlattices of the superconductor-band-antiferromagnetic-metal (SC/AF) type is studied. The exact solution of the Usadel equations is used to discuss the possibility of formation in such structures of a ground state in which the order parameters of the adjacent superconducting layers have opposite signs (the “π-phase”). The dependence of the superconducting transition temperature and the upper critical field normal to the layers on the lattice period, the intensity of magnetic interaction in the antiferromagnetic layer, and the state of the interface between the layers is examined. It is found that there exists a nonlinear dependence of the conditions for the appearance of the superconducting state in a layered SC/AF system on the system’s parameters. Finally, the conditions for the appearance of the superconducting phase in proximity-effect superlattices consisting of a superconductor with nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic metals are compared. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 547–561 (February 1997)     

The Kohn-Luttinger mechanism and phase diagram of the superconducting state in the Shubin-Vonsovsky model

Using the Shubin-Vonsovsky model in the weak-coupling regime W > U > V (W is the bandwidth, U is the Hubbard onsite repulsion, and V is the Coulomb interaction at neighboring sites) based on the Kohn-Luttinger mechanism, we determined the regions of the existence of the superconducting phases with the d _xy , p, s, and $d_{x^2 - y^2 } $ symmetry types of the order parameter. It is shown that the effective interaction in the Cooper channel considerably depends not only on single-site but also on intersite Coulomb correlations. This is demonstrated by the example of the qualitative change and complication of the phase diagram of the superconducting state. The superconducting (SC) phase induction mechanism is determined taking into account polarization contributions in the second-order perturbation theory in the Coulomb interaction. The results obtained for the angular dependence of the superconducting gap in different channels are compared with angule-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) results. The influence of long-range hops in the phase diagram and critical superconducting transition temperature in different channels is analyzed. The conditions for the appearance of the Kohn-Luttinger superconductivity with the $d_{x^2 - y^2 } $ symmetry and high critical temperatures T _c ～ 100 K near the half-filling are determined.     

Nodeless d-wave superconducting pairing due to residual antiferromagnetism in underdoped Pr2-xCexCuO4-delta

We investigate the doping dependence of the penetration depth versus temperature in electron-doped Pr(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4-delta) using a model which assumes the uniform coexistence of (mean-field) antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. Despite the presence of a d(x2-y2) pairing gap in the underlying spectrum, we find nodeless behavior of the low-T penetration depth in the underdoped case, in accord with experimental results. As doping increases, a linear-in-T behavior of the penetration depth, characteristic of d-wave pairing, emerges as the lower magnetic band crosses the Fermi level and creates a nodal Fermi surface pocket.     

Disorder-induced static antiferromagnetism in cuprate superconductors

Using model calculations of a disordered d-wave superconductor with on-site Hubbard repulsion, we show how dopant disorder can stabilize novel states with antiferromagnetic order. We find that the critical strength of correlations or impurity potential necessary to create an ordered magnetic state in the presence of finite disorder is reduced compared to that required to create a single isolated magnetic droplet. This may explain why, in cuprates such as La2-xSrxCuO4, low-energy probes have identified a static magnetic component which persists well into the superconducting state, whereas, in cleaner systems such as YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+delta), it is absent or minimal.     

Mode-mode coupling theory of itinerant electron antiferromagnetism in superconducting state

It has been considered since the first discovery of a high-T(c) cuprate that an antiferromagnetic (AF) state and a superconducting (SC) state are separated in it. However, it is very intriguing that the coexistence of the AF and SC states has recently been observed in HgBa(2)Ca(4)Cu(5)O(12+) (Hg-1245). Moreover, it is very novel that this coexistence of these two states appears if the SC-transition temperature T(c) is higher than the AF-transition temperature T(N). The mode-mode coupling theory can provide a clear elucidation of this novel phenomenon. A key point of this theory is that the AF susceptibility consists of the random-phase-approximation (RPA) term and the mode-mode coupling one. The RPA term works to make a positive contribution to the emergence of the antiferromagnetic critical point (AF-CP). In contrast, the mode-mode coupling term works to make a negative contribution to the emergence of the AF-CP. However, the growth of the SC-gap function in the d(x(2)-y(2))-wave SC state works to suppress the negative contribution of the mode-mode coupling term to the emergence of the AF-CP. Moreover, the effect of SC fluctuations near the SC-transition temperature T(c) suppresses the mode-mode coupling term of the AF susceptibility that works to hinder the AF ordering. For these two reasons, there is a possibility that the d(x(2)-y(2))-wave SC state is likely to promote the emergence of the AF-CP. Namely, the appearance of the above-mentioned novel coexistence of the AF and SC states observed in Hg-1245 can be explained qualitatively on the basis of this idea.     

高温超导体磁通动力学和混合态相图(II)

文章简要介绍了高温超导体磁通动力学和混合态物理在过去十余年的发展.高温超导体由于其自身的一些特点,使得它与常规超导体相比较拥有极其丰富的相图,磁通动力学也表现出了非常丰富的研究内容,很多新的概念被提出,新的现象被观察到.比如说涡旋玻璃态,集体钉扎和蠕动,磁通格子的一级和二级熔化相变,布拉格玻璃,峰值效应,二维涡旋饼态,Josephson 磁通运动等等,均是在高温超导体发现之后提出来的新的概念或新发现的现象.有些研究结果目前尚无定论,如关于涡旋玻璃态存在与否的争论至今仍然在进行,但是这些研究内容无疑会大大促进超导物理的发展.高温超导体磁通动力学纷繁复杂的研究内容可以归结为三个相互关联的数字：Ginzburg数(Tc/H2cεζ3)2/2,量子电阻Qu=(e2/)(ρn/εζ),和临界电流的比值jc/j0,这里ζ是相干长度,Hc是热力学临界磁场,ε是有效质量的各向异性度,ρn是正常态电阻率,jc是零温临界电流,j0是拆对临界电流.对于高温超导体前两个数值（Ginzburg数和量子电阻）很大,而临界电流比值较小,因此导致有强的热涨落和量子涨落,以及很强的磁通运动行为（对应小的实测临界电流）.磁通动力学的研究从更深层次影响超导体的临界电流问题和强电应用的发展,最后简要地介绍了这方面的情况.     

Fermi arcs in the superconducting clustered state for underdoped cuprate superconductors

The one-particle spectral function of a state formed by superconducting (SC) clusters is studied via Monte Carlo techniques. The clusters have similar SC amplitudes but randomly distributed phases. This state is stabilized by competition with the antiferromagnetism expected to be present in the cuprates and after quenched disorder is introduced. A Fermi surface composed of disconnected segments, i.e., Fermi arcs, is observed between the critical temperature T_(c) and the cluster formation temperature scale T*.     

Commensurate spin dynamics in the superconducting state of an electron-doped cuprate superconductor

We report neutron scattering studies on two single crystal samples of the electron-doped (n-type) superconducting (SC) cuprate Nd2-xCexCuO4 (x=0.15) with T(c)=18 and 25 K. Unlike the hole-doped (p-type) SC cuprates, where incommensurate magnetic fluctuations commonly exist, the n-type cuprate shows commensurate magnetic fluctuations at the tetragonal (1/2 1/2 0) reciprocal points both in the SC and in the normal state. A spin gap opens up when the n-type cuprate becomes SC, as in the optimally doped p-type La2-xSrxCuO4. The gap energy, however, increases gradually up to about 4 meV as T decreases from T(c) to 2 K, which contrasts with the spin pseudogap behavior with a T-independent gap energy in the SC state of p-type cuprates.     

Fluctuation-exchange study of antiferromagnetism in disordered electron-doped cuprate superconductors

On the basis of the Hubbard model, we extend the fluctuation-exchange (FLEX) approach to investigating the properties of the antiferromagnetic (AF) phase in electron-doped cuprate superconductors. Furthermore, by incorporating the effect of scatterings due to the disordered dopant atoms into the FLEX formalism, our numerical results show that the antiferromagnetic transition temperature, the onset temperature of pseudogap due to spin fluctuations, the spectral density of the single particle near the Fermi surface, and the staggered magnetization in the AF phase as a function of electron doping can consistently account for the experimental measurements.     

Phenomenological approach to the non-spin-wave behavior of cuprate magnetic susceptibility in the superconducting state

Experimental data on the non-spin-wave behavior of the cuprate magnetic susceptibility χ(q, ω) in the superconducting state are reconstructed on the basis of a spherically symmetric self-consistent approach within the framework of the frustrated Heisenberg model. For the Green’s function of the spin-wave excitations, a polarization operator resonant with the superconducting state is introduced phenomenologically. This gives rise to an additional (compared to the normal state) branch of the incommensurate peaks and to a pronounced non-spin-wave behavior of the susceptibility χ(q, ω) in the frequency range near 80 meV (the so-called “dark region”). The renormalization of the real part of the polarization operator plays a crucial role in the theory.