电单极子和磁单极子的统一模型

证明磁单极子和电单极子可以在Hopf丛(S³=S²×S¹)的基础上统一生成,该丛有结构群U(1).它在底流形S²上的联络可以分为电单极型和磁单极型两类.磁荷有量子化条件而电单极子就是磁量子数n=0时的解.这样,电单极子和磁单极子在理论上具有同一性.它们是同一事物的两种不同的形态.通过映射的伦移引入时间坐标,从而使电单极子成为Minkowski空间中的一个〈活化〉的模型.它具有Lorentz变换下的不变性.     

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Presence of Electric and Magnetic Charges

Starting with the definition of quaternion gauge theory, we have undertaken the study of SU(2) _e ×SU(2) _m ×U(1) _e ×U(1) _m in terms of the simultaneous existence of electric and magnetic charges along with their Yang-Mills counterparts. As such, we have developed the gauge theory in terms of four coupling constants associated with four-gauge symmetry SU(2) _e ×SU(2) _m ×U(1) _e ×U(1) _m . Accordingly, we have made an attempt to obtain the abelian and non-Abelian gauge structures for the particles carrying simultaneously the electric and magnetic charges (namely dyons). Starting from the Lagrangian density of two SU(2)×U(1) gauge theories responsible for the existence of electric and magnetic charges, we have discussed the consistent theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking and Higgs mechanism in order to generate the masses. From the symmetry breaking, we have generated the two electromagnetic fields, the two massive vector W ^± and Z ⁰ bosons fields and the Higgs scalar fields.     

Branch Processes of Regular Magnetic Monopole

In this paper, by making use of Duan＇s topological current theory, the branch process of regular magnetic monopoles is discussed in detail. Regular magnetic monopoles are found generating or annihilating at the limit point and encountering, splitting, or merging at the bifurcation point and the degenerate point systematically of the vector order parameter field φ（x）. Furthermore, it is also shown that when regular magnetic monopoles split or merge at the degenerate point of field function φ, the total topological charges of the regular magnetic monopoles are stilI unchanged.     

Wave-Corpuscle Mechanics for Electric Charges

It is well known that the concept of a point charge interacting with the electromagnetic (EM) field has a problem. To address that problem we introduce the concept of wave-corpuscle to describe spinless elementary charges interacting with the classical EM field. Every charge interacts only with the EM field and is described by a complex valued wave function over the 4-dimensional space time continuum. A system of many charges interacting with the EM field is defined by a local, gauge and Lorentz invariant Lagrangian with a key ingredient—a nonlinear self-interaction term providing for a cohesive force assigned to every charge. An ideal wave-corpuscle is an exact solution to the Euler-Lagrange equations describing both free and accelerated motions. It carries explicitly features of a point charge and the de Broglie wave. Our analysis shows that a system of well separated charges moving with nonrelativistic velocities are represented accurately as wave-corpuscles governed by the Newton equations of motion for point charges interacting with the Lorentz forces. In this regime the nonlinearities are “stealthy” and don’t show explicitly anywhere, but they provide for the binding forces that keep localized every individual charge. The theory can also be applied to closely interacting charges as in hydrogen atom where it produces discrete energy spectrum.     

Electric Charges in Superconducting Mesoscopic Samples

The distribution of the electric charge density in mesoscopic superconducting disks and cylinders is studied within the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau approach. We found that even in the Meissner state the mesoscopic sample exhibits a non-uniform charge distribution such that a region near the sample edge becomes negatively charged. When vortices are inside the sample there is a superposition of the negative charge located at the vortex core and this Meissner charge, and, as a result, the charge at the sample edge changes sign as a function of the applied magnetic field.     

The Three-Dimensional Dirac Oscillator in the Presence of Aharonov-Bohm and Magnetic Monopole Potentials

No Heading We study the Dirac equation in 3+1 dimensions with non-minimal coupling to an isotropic radial three-vector potential and in the presence of a static electromagnetic potential. The space component of the electromagnetic potential has angular (non-central) dependence such that the Dirac equation separates completely in spherical coordinates. We obtain solutions for the case where the three-vector potential is linear in the radial coordinate (Dirac oscillator) and the time component of the electro-magnetic potential vanishes. The relativistic energy spectrum and spinor eigenfunctions are obtained.     

Full Action for an Electromagnetic Field with Electrical and Magnetic Charges

The paper offers the full action for an electromagnetic field with electrical and magnetic charges; Feynman laws are formulated for the calculation of the interaction cross-sections for electrically and magnetically charged particles on the base of offered action within relativistic quantum field theory. Derived with formulated Feynman rules cross-section of the interaction between an elementary particle with magnetic charge and an elementary particle with electrical charge proves to be equal zero.     

Guest Charges in an Electrolyte: Renormalized Charge, Long- and Short-Distance Behavior of the Electric Potential and Density Profiles

We complement a recent exact study by L. Šamaj on the properties of a guest charge Q immersed in a two-dimensional electrolyte with charges +1/−1. In particular, we are interested in the behavior of the density profiles and electric potential created by the charge and the electrolyte, and in the determination of the renormalized charge which is obtained from the long-distance asymptotics of the electric potential. In Šamaj’s previous work, exact results for arbitrary coulombic coupling β were obtained for a system where all the charges are points, provided β Q < 2 and β < 2. Here, we first focus on the mean field situation which we believe describes correctly the limit β→ 0 but β Q large. In this limit we can study the case when the guest charge is a hard disk and its charge is above the collapse value β Q > 2. We compare our results for the renormalized charge with the exact predictions and we test on a solid ground some conjectures of the previous study. Our study shows that the exact formulas obtained by Šamaj for the renormalized charge are not valid for β Q > 2, contrary to a hypothesis put forward by Šamaj. We also determine the short-distance asymptotics of the density profiles of the coions and counterions near the guest charge, for arbitrary coulombic coupling. We show that the coion density profile exhibit a change of behavior if the guest charge becomes large enough (β Q≥ 2−β). This is interpreted as a first step of the counterion condensation (for large coulombic coupling), the second step taking place at the usual Manning–Oosawa threshold β Q = 2.     

Aligned Electric and Magnetic Weyl Fields

The results on the non-existence of purely magnetic solutions are extended to the wider class of spacetimes which have homothetic electric and magnetic Weyl fields. This class is a particularization of the spacetimes admitting a direction for which the relative electric and magnetic Weyl fields are aligned. We give an invariant characterization of these metrics and study the properties of their Debever null vectors. The directions observing aligned electric and magnetic Weyl fields are obtained for every Petrov-Bel type.     

Resistive Plates Carrying a Steady Current: Electric Potential and Surface Charges Close to the Battery

We treat the problem of two resistive plates carrying a steady current in the same direction. We consider a linear battery orthogonal to the direction of the current in the middle of the plates. We study the behavior of the surface charges close to the battery. We calculate the potential and electric field in the space outside the plates. We also consider the case of a single resistive plate carrying a steady current.     

A Clifford Algebra Approach to the Classical Problem of a Charge in a Magnetic Monopole Field

The motion of an electric charge in the field of a magnetic monopole is described by means of a Lagrangian model written in terms of the Clifford algebra of the physical space. The equations of motion are written in terms of a radial equation (involving r=|r|, where r(t) is the charge trajectory) and a rotor equation (written in terms of an unitary operator spinor R). The solution corresponding to the charge trajectory in the field of a magnetic monopole is given in parametric form. The model can be generalized in order to describe the motion of a charge in the field of a magnetic monopole and other additional central forces, and as an example, we discuss the classical ones involving linear and inverse square interactions.     

例析初中电学习题的分析方法

1问题的提出 串并联电路中的电流规律、电压规律和电阻规律反映出同一电路中同一个电学量之间的关系;欧姆定律揭示了同一段电路中不同电学量之间的关系．因此综合运用串并联电路的规律和欧姆定律是分析解决简单电路问题的必由之路．在教学实践中,     

强电,磁场中的原子

简要地叙述了强电场和强磁场中的原子物理问题的研究进展，着重介绍了原子电场电离的实验结果和理论分析，对称性对磁场中原子行为的影响，以及与经典混沌和量子谱相关的共振现象。     

The Electric Area of a Pulse upon Separation and Merging of Charges in Vacuum

Optics and Spectroscopy - The distribution of the electric area of a pulse generated by charges that arise upon ionization of an initially uncharged microobject up to the subsequent recombination...     

On the Tetrahedrally Symmetric Monopole

We study SU(2) BPS monopoles with spectral curves of the form η ³+χ(ζ ⁶+b ζ ³−1) = 0. Previous work has established a countable family of solutions to Hitchin’s constraint that L ² was trivial on such a curve. Here we establish that the only curves of this family that yield BPS monopoles correspond to tetrahedrally symmetric monopoles. We introduce several new techniques making use of a factorization theorem of Fay and Accola for theta functions, together with properties of the Humbert variety. The geometry leads us to a formulation purely in terms of elliptic functions. A more general conjecture than needed for the stated result is given.     

Acceleration Effect in the Field of Neutron Star with Electric and Magnetic Charge and Magnetic Moment

The expression of acceleration in the external gravitational field of neutron star with electric and magnetic charge and magnetic moment is obtained. And some gravitational effects and properties of the field are discussed respectively from the contributions of the electric and magnetic charge and magnetic moment on the acceleration.     

Stability of Relativistic Matter with Magnetic Fields for Nuclear Charges up to the Critical Value

We give a proof of stability of relativistic matter with magnetic fields all the way up to the critical value of the nuclear charge Zα = 2/π. This paper may be reproduced, in its entirety, for non-commercial purposes.     

Electric and Magnetic Monopoles from a Lorentz-Covariant Hamiltonian

In previous work we generalized the relation between the usual noncovariantHamiltonian and the Poisson brackets to a covariant Hamiltonian and new bracketsin the frame of Minkowski space. In the present paper we study the consequencesof this new algebraic structure on the Lorentz Lie algebra defined in terms ofthese brackets. We show how a monopole with a dual electric—magnetic chargeappears as a consequence of the conservation of the form of the standard Lorentzalgebra symmetry. The breakdown of this symmetry is also envisaged.     

Monopole condensation and color confinement

Monopole condensation is responsible for confinement in U(1) lattice gauge theory. Using numerical simulations and the abelian projection, we demonstrate that this mechanism persists in SU(2) nonabelian gauge theories. Our results support the picture of the QCD vacuum as a dual superconductor.