顶空进样-气相色谱/质谱联用法同时测定食品接触用润滑油中11种苯系物

建立了顶空自动进样-气相色谱/质谱联用(HS-GC/MS)同时测定食品接触用润滑油中11种痕量苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、氯苯、1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯)的方法。在优化的检测条件下,11种苯系物在10～100μg/kg范围内具有良好的线性,检出限为2～5μg/kg,加标回收率为73.8%～100%,RSD为3.3%～9.9%。方法满足食品接触用润滑油中苯系物高通量及痕量检测的要求。     

顶空直接进样气相色谱法测定黏胶剂中的苯系物

目的建立检测黏胶剂中苯系物的方法。方法用顶空直接进样气相色谱法测定黏胶剂中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯以及苯乙烯7种组分,对气相色谱柱、顶空加热温度以及顶空提取时间进行了讨论。结果对苯乙烯等7种被测组分的检测限均小于5mg/kg,7种组分在毛细管柱中能够很好的分离,回收率范围为81%～94%,RSD为5%～10%,具有操作简单、快速等特点。结论能够满足对黏胶剂中苯系物测定的分析要求。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定水中7种苯系物

建立顶空-毛细柱气相色谱法测定水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯7种苯系物的方法。对色谱条件及顶空条件进行了优化,采用自动顶空进样方式,经70℃平衡30 min,用Rtx-Wax毛细管柱分离,使用火焰离子化检测器检测。7种苯系物的质量浓度在10～100μg/L范围内与其对应的色谱峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数在0.999 0～0.999 6之间,方法检出限为0.2～0.9μg/L,7种苯系物的回收率为96.5%～106.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.0%～2.2%(n=6)。该方法操作简单,重现性好,测定结果准确可靠,检出限满足国家标准要求,可用于水中7种苯系物的检测分析。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定大型玩具中芳香烃化合物

提出了顶空气相色谱-质谱法测定大型玩具中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间(对)二甲苯、邻二甲苯、萘、蒽等7种挥发性芳香烃残留量的方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为90℃和40min,用RTX-5色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源检测。7种芳香烃化合物在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.02～0.04mg.kg-1之间。在3个添加水平上做回收试验,加标回收率在90.0%～106.8%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.3%～5.3%之间。     

顶空气相色谱法同时测定树脂工艺品中7种残留苯系物

建立了顶空气相色谱(HS-GC)同时测定树脂工艺品中7种残留苯系物BTEX(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯)的方法。对溶剂种类、萃取温度、萃取时间及HG-GC分离测定条件进行优化。结果表明,在顶空温度为130℃、平衡时间为60 min、粉碎样品粒径低于2 mm、选择DB-WAX色谱柱的条件下,可获得良好的分离效果和定量结果。7种残留苯系物在0.1～500μg范围内具有良好的线性关系(r2>0.999)。方法的定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)在0.1～0.4μg.g-1之间,加标回收率为93%～114%,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=6)为0.7%～4.8%。所建立的方法快速、准确,适用于树脂工艺品中苯系物的测定。     

扩散采集-气相色谱法测定空气中7种挥发性有机物

用扩散采集方法采集空气中环氧丙烷、正己烷、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯7种挥发性有机物,建立了气相色谱同时测定这些化合物的分析方法.考察并确定了采集、萃取和气相色谱仪器分析的参数.分析方法的线性回归系数为0.9997～0.9999,检出限为0.037～0.16 μg/mL,回收率为89.1％～105％,测定方法的精密...     

吹扫捕集气相色谱法测定水中苯系物

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中苯系物(笨、甲苯、乙苯、邻、间、对二甲苯、异丙苯、苯乙烯),并对吹扫捕集的条件进行优化,缩短了分析周期,提高了方法的灵敏度和准确度.方法的最低检出浓度为0.9～1.7μg/L,相对标准偏差为0.63%～1.36%(n=7),平均加标回收率为97.4%～101.3%.本方法适合于地表水和生活饮用水中苯系物的测定.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定加油站地下水中特征污染物

采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定加油站地下水中特征污染物甲基叔丁基醚、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯和萘含量。水样经吹扫捕集浓缩仪处理后,采用HP-5MS型毛细管色谱柱分离,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-全扫描模式,以氟苯和1,2-二氯苯-D4为内标进行定量。7种化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.1~0.4μg·L-1。加标回收率在91.0%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~3.9%之间。     

顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定圆珠笔中8种挥发性苯系物

建立了顶空/气相色谱-质谱法测定圆珠笔中8种挥发性苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、异丙苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯)含量的分析方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为70℃和40 min,以HP-INNOWax色谱柱(60 m×320μm×0.25μm)分离,采用选择离子监测模式(SIM)检测,外标法定量。结果显示,8种苯系物在0.005～0.5 mg/L质量浓度范围内均与对应的峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r~20.999),检出限(S/N=3)为0.01～0.02 mg/kg,加标回收率为86.0%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%～9.6%。该方法操作简单,快速,且灵敏度高,适用于圆珠笔中挥发性苯系物的快速检测。     

顶空-气相色谱法同时测定饮用水中八种挥发性苯系物

利用顶空-毛细管柱气相色谱技术对饮用水中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲笨、对二甲笨、间二甲笨、异丙苯、苯乙烯的测定方法进行了研究,并对平衡时间、气／液体积比、水中含盐量等影响测定因素进行了探讨,对色谱条件和顶空进样条件进行了优化。该方法选用HP-INNOWAX色谱柱,使一直较难分离的间、对二甲苯得到了很好的分离。对八种苯系物进行了最低检出限、线性、回收率、精密度试验,其平均回收率为97．4％～1063％（n=7）,相对标准偏差为2．55％～3．83％（n=7）,最低检出限为0．06～0．10μg／L。测定结果表明,该法操作简单,重现性好,灵敏度高,完全可以满足饮用水中挥发性苯系物的测定。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。