一种考虑剪切变形的平行四边形厚/薄板通用单元

根据Timoshenko二广义位移梁理论，构造了深梁位移场的插值函数。利用斜坐标系与直角坐标系的变换关系、有限条带思想和深梁位移插值函数，构造了一种考虑剪切变形的平行四边形厚／薄板弯曲通用单元的位移(曲率、剪应变、转角、横向位移)插值函数，导出了刚度矩阵和非结点荷载等效力。并对简支阍支方板、Razzaque斜板、四边简支斜交板弯曲进行了数值计算。算例表明此单元有较好的精度，对于薄板不出现剪切闭锁，可适应于目前桥梁建设中大量采用的斜交板桥结构分析。     

单广义位移的深梁理论和中厚板理论

经典的梁板弯曲理论由于未考虑横向剪切变形的影响而只能适用于细长梁和薄板，传统的多广义位移的深梁理论和中厚板理论由于忽视了转角与挠度之间的内在关系而只能适用于短粗梁和中厚板。     

无单元法求解任意边界条件下的中厚板弯曲问题

本文用无单元法进行不同边界条件下的中厚板弯曲问题的求解,提出了构造其近似位移函数的三种形式的权函数,从变分原理出发导出了Mindlin-Reissner中厚板弯曲问题的控制方程,并编制了相应的计算程序。数值算例表明,无单元法用于中厚板弯曲问题是合理可行的,其结果具有相当高的精度。     

半解析板－梁超级元

本文构造了一种半解析板－梁超级元，它由板－梁超级弯曲元与板－梁超级平面元组合成。由于采用解析型的梁函数作为超级元弯曲位移模式，因而这一超级元具有精度高、自由度少的优点。用超级元法对由大量板和梁构件组成的复杂结构进行整体分析、尤其是进行动力分析时，这一超级元是一种高效的单元。文中导出了这一超级元的全部列式。     

带转动自由度的内参型非协调元研究

非协调元虽然破坏了单元间位移的连续性，却能很好地反映弯曲类变形，然而在不增加单元结点自由度的情况下，非协调元的计算精度总是滞留在某一水平，无法得到较大改变。基于修正后的位移型Reissner泛函中引入独立转动场的变分原理，采用连续介质力学中的转动自由度的定义，转动场采用结点真实转角来插值，结合平面四结点单元讨论了有效附加非协调位移的合理形式，引入了适用于任何四边形单元的非协调位移函数，从而建立了一种带转动自由度的平面四结点内参型非协调元模型。本文单元能通过分片检验，并易于与带转动自由度的梁单元相容．教值算例表明具有较高的计算精度。     

半解析板—梁超级元

本文构造了一种半解析板－梁超级元，它由板－梁超级弯曲元与板－梁超级平面元组合成。由于采用解析型的染函数作为超级元弯曲位移模式，因而这一超级元具有精度高、自由度少的优点。用超级元法对由大量板和梁构件组成的复杂结构进行整体分析、尤其是进行动力分析时，这一超级元是一种高效的单元，文中导出了这一超级元的全部列式。     

板桁结构考虑局部屈曲空间计算的横向条带板段单元法

用有限个横向条带法构造了板桁组合结构板段考虑局部屈曲的空间位移模式。基于三维连续体的虚功增量方程,导出了横向条带板段单元的ＵＬ列式,并考虑了板段单元位形变化的影响。此计算方法自由度少,计算精度高,能用于大型板桁结构的几何非线性分析。文末计算了广东西江桥板桁组合结构模型梁,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

区间五次Hermite样条多小波Euler-Bernoulli梁单元

首先采用区间五次Hermite样条函数,分别构造了三节点梁的边界和内部节点的多小波尺度函数,然后,基于节点尺度函数在区间内伸缩、平移的思想,构建了梁单元相互嵌套、逐级包含的多尺度位移近似空间序列;最后,采用最小势能原理,得到弯曲梁的平衡方程,从而构造了区间五次Hermite样条多小波Euler-Bernoulli梁单元.算例结果表明,该小波单元可通过改变尺度来重新划分网格,从而可自由调节单个小波单元的计算精度,其计算精度与在相同网格划分下采用任意多个传统三节点Hermite梁单元计算梁构件的完全一致.与其它小波单元相比较,该小波单元具有计算简单明了,物理意义明确,易于理解的特点.     

板桁结构考虑局部屈曲空间计算的横向带板段单元法

用有限个横条带法构造了板桁组合结构板段考虑局部屈曲的空间位移模式,基于三维连续体的虚功增量方程,导出了横向条带板段单元的ＵＬ列式,并考虑了板段单元位形变化的影响,此计算方法自由度少,计算精度高,能用于大型板桁结构的几何非线性分析,文末计算了广东西江桥板桁组合结构模型梁,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

基于有限条带的厚/薄板矩形通用单元

基于两广义位移梁理论，利用解析试函数来建立厚／薄梁单元的横向位移、转角位移、曲率、剪应变等位移模式，构造出厚／薄梁通用单元．应用有限条带，将厚／薄梁单元的位移模式应用于厚／薄板矩形弯曲单元，直接构造出单元的横向位移、转角、曲率、剪应变，导出了单元的刚度矩阵和结点等效力，编制了计算程序，进行了数值计算和比较，结果表明，所研究的单元不出现剪切闭锁且精度较好．     

Nonlinear analysis of beams of variable cross section,including shear deformation effect

In this paper the analog equation method (AEM), a BEM-based method, is employed for the nonlinear analysis of a Timoshenko beam with simply or multiply connected variable cross section undergoing large deflections under general boundary conditions. The beam is subjected in an arbitrarily concentrated or distributed variable axial loading, while the shear loading is applied at the shear center of the cross section, avoiding in this way the induction of a twisting moment. To account for shear deformations, the concept of shear deformation coefficients is used. Five boundary value problems are formulated with respect to the transverse displacements, the axial displacement and to two stress functions and solved using the AEM. Application of the boundary element technique yields a system of nonlinear equations from which the transverse and axial displacements are computed by an iterative process. The evaluation of the shear deformation coefficients is accomplished from the aforementioned stress functions using only boundary integration. Numerical examples with great practical interest are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy and the range of applications of the developed method. The influence of the shear deformation effect is remarkable.     

Shear deformation effect in non-linear analysis of composite beams of variable cross section

In this paper the non-linear analysis of a composite Timoshenko beam with arbitrary variable cross section undergoing moderate large deflections under general boundary conditions is presented employing the analog equation method (AEM), a BEM-based method. The composite beam consists of materials in contact, each of which can surround a finite number of inclusions. The materials have different elasticity and shear moduli with same Poisson's ratio and are firmly bonded together. The beam is subjected in an arbitrarily concentrated or distributed variable axial loading, while the shear loading is applied at the shear center of the cross section, avoiding in this way the induction of a twisting moment. To account for shear deformations, the concept of shear deformation coefficients is used. Five boundary value problems are formulated with respect to the transverse displacements, the axial displacement and to two stress functions and solved using the AEM. Application of the boundary element technique yields a system of non-linear equations from which the transverse and axial displacements are computed by an iterative process. The evaluation of the shear deformation coefficients is accomplished from the aforementioned stress functions using only boundary integration. Numerical examples are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy, the range of applications of the developed method and the influence of the shear deformation effect.     

Non-local finite element analysis of damped beams

Non-local viscoelastic beam models are used to analyse the dynamics of beams with different boundary conditions using the finite element method. Unlike local damping models the internal force of the non-local model is obtained as weighted average of state variables over a spatial domain via convolution integrals with spatial kernel functions that depend on a distance measure. In the finite element analysis, the interpolating shape functions of the element displacement field are identical to those of standard two-node beam elements. However, for non-local damping, nodes remote from the element do have an effect on the energy expressions, and hence on the damping matrix. The expressions of these direct and cross damping matrices may be obtained explicitly for some common spatial kernel functions and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Alternatively numerical integration may be applied to obtain solutions. Examples are given where the eigenvalues are compared to the exact solution for a pinned–pinned beam to demonstrate the convergence of the finite element method. The results for beams with other boundary conditions are used to demonstrate the versatility of the finite element technique.     

采用有限单元法计算梁任意形状截面特性

采用将梁截面离散化的方式,用数值积分计算截面的几何特性,并根据梁剪切变形和扭转理论,利用变分原理建立截面的有限元法方程,求解任意形状截面的扭转常数、剪切中心以及剪切面积修正系数等特性.本方法适用于各种形式的截面,具有计算精度高及适应性强的特点.根据上述理论编制了相应程序,按照不同的单元划分方式,分别计算出矩形截面截面特性,与理论解进行比较;又对舟山市定海长峙至岙山预应力混凝土连续箱梁截面进行了计算,并与Ansys结果进行比较,均证明采用本文的计算方法能得到满意的结果,且该方法适用于各种形状的截面形式.     

Bending analysis of functionally graded CNT reinforced doubly curved singly ruled truncated rhombic cone

The bending analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced doubly curved singly ruled truncated rhombic cone is investigated. In this study, a simple C⁰ isoparametric finite element formulation based on third order shear deformation theory is presented. To characterize the membrane-flexure behavior observed in a CNT reinforced truncated rhombic cone, a displacement field involving higher-order terms in in-plane fields is considered. The proposed kinematics field incorporates for transverse shear deformation and nonlinear variation of the in-plane displacement field through the thickness to predict the overall response of the CNT reinforced truncated rhombic cone in an accurate sense. The material properties of the CNT reinforced truncated rhombic cone are estimated according to the rule of mixture. The present model eliminates the need of shear correction factor and imposed zero-transverse shear strain at upper and lower surface of the truncated rhombic cone. The new feature in present model is simultaneous inclusion of twist curvature in strain field as well as curvature in displacement field that makes it suitable for moderately thick and deep truncated rhombic cone. The proposed new mathematical model is implemented in finite element code written in FORTRAN. The proposed model has been validated with analytical, experimental, and finite element results from the literature. This is first attempt to study bending response of CNT reinforced doubly curved singly ruled truncated rhombic cone. The effect of CNT distribution, boundary condition, loading pattern, and other geometric parameters are also examined.     

A NEW SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAM ELEMENT INCLUDING TRANSVERSE AND TORSIONAL SHEAR DEFORMATION

基于Timoshenko梁及Benscoter薄壁杆件理论,建立了考虑剪切变形、弯扭耦合以及翘曲剪应力影响的空间任意开闭口薄壁截面梁单元. 通过引入单元内部结点,对弯曲转角和翘曲角采用三节点Lagrange独立插值的方法,考虑了剪切变形和翘曲剪应力的影响并避免了横向剪切锁死问题;借助载荷作用下薄壁梁的截面运动分析,在位移和应变方程中考虑了弯扭耦合的影响. 通过数值算例将该单元的计算结果与理论解以及商用有限元软件和其他文献中的数值解进行对比和验证,结果对比表明该薄壁梁单元具有良好的精度和收敛性.     

剪切弯曲下短深梁位移数值计算精度的研究

分析了短深梁位移的基本解，评述了有限元解法中关于高次分布力简化为节点力的问题。使用虚功原理和位移线性插值推导了满足二次分布力作用的精确节点力分配公式。通过矩形截面悬臂梁自由终端受集中载荷的算例，阐明了提高短深梁位移计算精度的途径。     

ANALYSIS OF 3-D NOTCHED/CRACKED STRUCTURES BY USING EXTENDED BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD 1)

在线弹性理论中,三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构尖端区域存在多重应力奇异性,常规数值方法不易求解. 本文提出和建立了三维扩展边界元法 (XBEM),用于分析三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场. 先将三维线弹性 V 形切口/裂纹结构分为尖端小扇形柱和挖去小扇形柱后的外围结构. 尖端小扇形柱内的位移函数采用自尖端径向距离 $r$ 的渐近级数展开式表达,其中尖端区域的应力奇异指数、位移和应力特征角函数通过插值矩阵法获得. 而级数展开式各项的幅值系数作为基本未知量. 挖去扇形域后的外围结构采用常规边界元法分析. 两者方程联立求解可获得三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整的位移和应力场,包括切口/裂纹尖端区域精细的应力场. 扩展边界元法具有半解析法特征,适用于一般三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整位移场和应力场的分析,其解可精细描述从尖端区域到整体结构区域的完整应力场. 作者研制了三维扩展边界元法程序,文中给出了两个算例,通过计算结果分析,表明了扩展边界元法求解三维 V 形切口/裂纹结构完整应力场的准确性和有效性.     

Out-of-plane responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load

For the cases of using the finite curved beam elements and taking the effects of both the shear deformation and rotary inertias into consideration, the literature regarding either free or forced vibration analysis of the curved beams is rare. Thus, this paper tries to determine the dynamic responses of a circular curved Timoshenko beam due to a moving load using the curved beam elements. By taking account of the effect of shear deformation and that of rotary inertias due to bending and torsional vibrations, the stiffness matrix and the mass matrix of the curved beam element were obtained from the force–displacement relations and the kinetic energy equations, respectively. Since all the element property matrices for the curved beam element are derived based on the local polar coordinate system (rather than the local Cartesian one), their coefficients are invariant for any curved beam element with constant radius of curvature and subtended angle and one does not need to transform the property matrices of each curved beam element from the local coordinate system to the global one to achieve the overall property matrices for the entire curved beam structure before they are assembled. The availability of the presented approach has been verified by both the existing analytical solutions for the entire continuum curved beam and the numerical solutions for the entire discretized curved beam composed of the conventional straight beam elements based on either the consistent-mass model or the lumped-mass model. In addition to the typical circular curved beams, a hybrid curved beam composed of one curved-beam segment and two identical straight-beam segments subjected to a moving load was also studied. Influence on the dynamic responses of the curved beams of the slenderness ratio, moving-load speed, shear deformation and rotary inertias was investigated.