离散元法及其耦合算法的研究综述

介绍了离散单元法的基本理论及其研究现状,以及离散单元法与有限单元法、边界单元法、界面单元法等数值计算方法耦合的研究现状和最新进展,并讨论了离散单元法今后的发展趋势及亟待解决的问题.     

对估算金属切口强度的能量法与Neuber法的比较

估算金属切口的强度时,人们一般采用以Neuber准则为理论基础的Neuber法,或以Moski及Glinka的等效能量密度法为理论基础的能量法．本文以弹塑性幂硬化材料为研究对象,将两种方法得到的结果与实验结果进行了比较,发现Neuber法总是低估切口强度,而大多数情况下,能量法却高估切口强度,并且总的来说,能量法的精度高于Neuber法的精度;能量法的可靠性高于Neuber法的可靠性．     

确定应力强度因子的光弹性法与焦散线法

以光弹性法及焦散线法的基本原理为基础,对两种方法在确定应力强度因子方面进行了比较。发现对于纯I型裂纹问题,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度;对于I－Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题,就张开型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度,而就滑移型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度高于焦散线法的精度。     

试谈微机汉字库的建库方法及其基本程序

本文介绍了各种微机汉字库的造字建库方法和基本程序,所给出的6个IBMBASICA造字源程序,都是行之有效的。本文介绍的造字建库方法包括点阵汉字的点阵法、单模法和双模法、通用向量汉字的点阵法、转换法、单模法和双模法以及AutoCAD汉字的格栅法和移植法。最后,本文提供了绘图汉字库的开发过程。     

Wilson-θ法两种积分格式的稳定性探讨

Wilson-θ法分为加速度未经过和经过动力平衡方程修正的Wilson-θ①法和Wilson-θ②法;推导了单自由庹体系的Wilson-θ①、②法的状态传递算子,由传递算子的谱半径来判断Wilson-θ①、②法的稳定性.计算结果表明:Wilson-θ①法的稳定性是无条件的,Wilson-θ②法的稳定性不是无条件的;并给出了Wilson-θ②法的稳定范围.     

疲劳短裂纹扩展速率的电测技术

木文研究了间接直流电位法(IDC法)和交流电位法(AC法)用于监测疲劳短裂纹扩展速率的有关技术问题。文中提出了一种用电磁场边界元法对电位法进行标定的理论标定方法。研究了有关的试验标定方法。并对IDC法和AC法的适用范围、灵敏度和稳定性等做了详细的比较分析。     

从钓鱼竿的变形看逐段分析求和法

本文从钓鱼竿的变形分析引入逐段分析求和法,进而得出逐段分析求和法的具体应用方法,即逐段刚化法或逐段软化法.然后,讨论了应用逐段分析求和法的前提条件,以及它与叠加法的本质区别.最后基于从离散到连续的逐步逼近,解释了逐段分析求和法与积分法的内在联系.启发学生在进行该部分内容的学习时,除了能够熟练掌握逐段分析求和法的具体应用...     

微分求积法的特性及其改进

微分求积法已在科学和工程计算中得到了广泛应用。然而,有关时域微分求积法的数值稳定性、计算精度即阶数等基本特性,仍缺乏系统性的分析结论。依据微分求积法的基本原理,推导证明了微分求积法的权系数矩阵满足V-变换这一重要特性;利用微分求积法和隐式Runge-Kutta法的等值性,证明了时域微分求积法是A-稳定、s级s阶的数值方法。在此基础上,为进一步提高传统微分求积法的计算精度,利用待定系数法和Padé逼近,推导出了一类新的s级2s阶的微分求积法。数值计算对比结果验证了所提出的新微分求积法比传统的微分求积法具有更高的计算精度。     

粗糙表面分维计算的立方体覆盖法

针对三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法在计算粗糙表面分形维数中存在的问题,提出了计算粗糙表面分维的立方体覆盖法,对计算结果进行了对比分析,并进一步对表面分维计算中的有关理论问题进行了分析,发现立方体覆盖法作为一种几何意义上的覆盖法,并计算结果比三角形棱柱表面积法和投影覆盖法更接近实际。     

光学干涉计量中的位相测量方法

对光学干涉计量中常用的位相测量方法进行了综述,包括时间相移法、空间相移法、空间载波相移法和Fourier变换法以及位相展开问题。     

Elastodynamic Green’s function for reinforced concrete beams

A semi-analytical solution procedure for three dimensional wave propagation in reinforced concrete (RC) beams has been presented in this paper. Elastodynamic Green’s function has been derived by employing the compatibility conditions and utilizing the symmetry conditions at the loaded cross section. Numerical procedure developed for the Green’s function has been validated using results available in the literature for an infinite laminated composite plate. Three-dimensional wave propagation analysis has been performed for reinforced concrete beam sections of T and L shapes which are common forms of structural elements. Steel reinforcement has been modeled in the finite element mesh. Effect of corrosion has also been included in the finite element model. Green’s function for reinforced concrete sections affected by corrosion of steel unit normalized frequency has been evaluated for illustration. Accuracy of the solution technique has been evaluated in terms of the percentage error in energy balance between the input energy of the applied unit load and the output energy carried by the propagating wave modes. The percentage error has been found to be negligible in all the cases considered here. A simple and accurate numerical method has been presented here as a tool to evaluate Green’s function for RC beams and can be used to detect corrosion.     

High-order theory for arched structures and its application for the study of the electrostatically actuated MEMS devices

A high-order theory for arched rods and beams based on expansion of the two-dimensional (2D) equations of elasticity into Legendre’s polynomials series has been developed. The 2D equations of elasticity have been expanded into Legendre’s polynomials series in terms of a thickness coordinate. Thereby, all equations of elasticity including Hooke’s law have been transformed to corresponding equations for coefficients of Legendre’s polynomials expansion. Then system of differential equations in term of displacements and boundary conditions for the coefficients of Legendre’s polynomials expansion coefficients has been obtained. Cases of the first and second approximations have been considered in details. For obtained boundary-value problems, a finite element method has been used and numerical calculations have been done with COMSOL Multiphysics and MATLAB. Developed theory has been applied for study pull-in instability and stress–strain state of the electrostatically actuated micro-electro-mechanical Systems.     

Bifurcation analysis of an electro-statically actuated micro-beam in the presence of centrifugal forces

In this paper, the influence of centrifugal forces on the stability of an electro-statically actuated clamped–clamped micro-beam has been investigated. The non-dimensional governing static and dynamic equations have been linearized using the step by step linearization method (SSLM), then, a Galerkin-based reduced order model has been used to solve the linearized equations. For constant value of a bias DC voltage and different values of angular velocity the equilibrium points of the corresponding autonomous system including stable center points, unstable saddle points and singular points have been obtained using the equivalent mass-spring model. Subsequently the bifurcation diagram has been depicted using the obtained fixed point. The static pull-in voltage value for different values of angular velocity and the static pull-in angular velocity for different values of bias voltage have been calculated. The obtained results are validated using results of previous studies and a good agreement has been observed. The effect of the centrifugal force on the fixed points has been studied using the phase portraits of the system for different initial conditions. Moreover, the effects of centrifugal forces on the dynamic pull-in behavior have been investigated using time histories and phase portraits for different angular velocities.     

A high-order theory for functionally graded axially symmetric cylindrical shells

A high-order theory for functionally graded axially symmetric cylindrical shell based on expansion of the axially symmetric equations of elasticity for functionally graded materials into Legendre polynomials series has been developed. The axially symmetric equations of elasticity have been expanded into Legendre polynomials series in terms of a thickness coordinate. In the same way, functions that describe functionally graded relations has been also expanded. Thereby, all equations of elasticity including Hook’s law have been transformed to corresponding equations for coefficients of Legendre polynomials expansion. Then system of differential equations in terms of displacements and boundary conditions for the coefficients of Legendre polynomials expansion coefficients has been obtained. Cases of the first and second approximations have been considered in more details. For obtained boundary-value problems’ solution, a finite element has been used and numerical calculations have been done with COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS and MATLAB.     

Rotating a pendulum with an electromechanical excitation

The objective of this paper is showing investigation of pendulum rotations via vertical, non-linear electromechanical excitation generated using a RLC-circuit-powered solenoid, which is originally built for an electro-vibro-impact mechanism. Various non-linear phenomena of pendulum dynamics, namely period-1 rotation, period-1 oscillation and period-2 oscillation, have been observed experimentally from the proposed apparatus. A mathematical model has been developed for the experimental rig and the system parameters have also been identified for the mathematical model. Finally, numerical results have been generated using the developed mathematical model and identified parameters, and their correlations with experimental observations have been discussed.     

Numerical Analysis of Coupled Stokes/Darcy Flows in Industrial Filtrations

Free flow channel confined by porous walls is a feature of many of the natural and industrial settings. Viscous flows adjacent to saturated porous medium occur in cross-flow and dead-end filtrations employed primarily in pharmaceutical and chemical industries for solid–liquid or gas–solid separations. Various mathematical models have been put forward to describe the conjugate flow dynamics based on theoretical grounds and experimental evidence. Despite this fact, there still exists a wide scope for extensive research in numerical solutions of these coupled models when applied to problems with industrial relevance. The present work aims towards the numerical analysis of coupled free/porous flow dynamics in the context of industrial filtration systems. The free flow dynamics has been expressed by the Stokes equations for the creeping, laminar flow regime whereas the flow behaviour in very low permeability porous media has been represented by the conventional Darcy equation. The combined free/porous fluid dynamical behaviour has been simulated using a mixed finite element formulation based on the standard Galerkin technique. A nodal replacement technique has been developed for the direct linking of Stokes and Darcy flow regimes which alleviates specification of any additional constraint at the free/porous interface. The simulated flow and pressure fields have been found for flow domains with different geometries which represent prototypes of actual industrial filtration equipment. Results have been obtained for varying values of permeability of the porous medium for generalised Newtonian fluids obeying the power law model. A series of numerical experiments has been performed in order to validate the coupled flow model. The developed model has been examined for its flexibility in dealing with complex geometrical domains and found to be generic in delivering convergent, stable and theoretically consistent results. The validity and accuracy of the simulated results has been affirmed by comparing with available experimental data.     

High frequency scattering due to a pair of time-harmonic antiplane forces on the faces of a finite interface crack between dissimilar anisotropic materials

The high-frequency elastodynamic problem involving the excitation of an interface crack of finite width lying between two dissimilar anisotropic elastic half-planes has been analyzed. The crack surface is excited by a pair of time-harmonic antiplane line sources situated at the middle of the cracked surface. The problem has first been reduced to one with the interface crack lying between two dissimilar isotropic elastic half-planes by a transformation of relevant co-ordinates and parameters. The problem has then been formulated as an extended Wiener–Hopf equation (cf. Noble, 1958) and the asymptotic solution for high-frequency has been derived. The expression for the stress intensity factor at the crack tips has been derived and the numerical results for different pairs of materials have been presented graphically.     

Buoyancy-dominated laminar convection and radiation transfer in rod arrays

Laminar combined free and forced convection together with radiation transfer in flow of steam at 68 bar through rods in triangular and square arrays have been investigated numerically. The pitch to diameter ratio has been varied from 1.2 to 2.0. Heat transfer results have been obtained for both up and down forced flow influenced by bouyancy with and without the effects of variable thermophysical fluid properties. The Rosseland diffusion approximation has been used for radiative transfer. First- and second-orde r density changes have been investigated.     

Nonlinear vibrations of axially moving multi-supported strings having non-ideal support conditions

In this study, nonlinear vibrations of an axially moving multi-supported string have been investigated. The main difference of this study from the others is in that there are non-ideal supports allowing minimal deflections between ideal supports at both ends of the string. Nonlinear equations of the motion and boundary conditions have been obtained using Hamilton’s Principle. Dependence of the equations of motion and boundary conditions on geometry and material of the string have been eliminated by non-dimensionalizing. Method of multiple scales, a perturbation technique, has been employed for solving the equations of motion. Axial velocity has been assumed a harmonically varying function about a constant value. Axially moving string has been investigated in three regions. Vibrations have been examined for three different cases of the velocity variation frequency. Stability has been analyzed and stability boundaries have been established for the principal parametric resonance case. Effects of the non-ideal support conditions on stability boundaries and vibration amplitudes have been investigated.

     

Analysis of vibrations in a nonhomogeneous thermoelastic thin annular disk under dynamic pressure

The forced vibration analysis of nonhomogeneous thermoelastic, isotropic, thin annular disk under periodic and exponential types of axisymmetric dynamic pressures applied on its inner boundary has been performed and analytical benchmark solution has been obtained. The material has been assumed to have inhomogeneity according to a simple power law in the radial coordinate. The present analysis has been worked out in the context of generalized theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time. The two coupled partial differential equations have been clubbed and solved by employing Laplace transform technique to obtain the solution for radial displacement and temperature change in the space domain. In order to obtain the solution in physical domain, the inversion of the transform has been carried out by using residue calculus. The radial displacement, radial stress, circumferential stress, and temperature change have been computed numerically for copper material annular disk. The numerically computed results have been presented graphically to demonstrate the effect of two different types of dynamic pressure in reference to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous material disk. The results for homogeneous material disk have been deduced and validated with that available in literature. The closed-form solution obtained here is interesting and allows further parametric studies of nonhomogeneous structures.