Na2SeO3在Fe电极上还原和吸附机理

采用循环伏安法、恒电势电解法、恒电流阶跃法及交流阻抗法研究Na2SeO3提高锌锰合金电沉积电流效率的作用机理.证明在锌锰合金电沉积的条件下，Na2SeO3 阴极被还原为Se32－并吸附在阴极表面上，从而阻止了氢原子在阴极表面的吸附，因而减少了氢离子的阴极还原.拟定了Na2SeO3的反应和吸附机理，用交流阻抗法进一步证明了所拟机理的正确性.     

Na2O2和SO2反应原理的实验探索

高中化学(必修)第一册分别简单介绍了有关Na2O2和SO2的一些知识，但没有涉及Na2O2与SO2之间如何反应的问题。为此，已有一些同志作了实验研究，文章认为Na2O2和SO2反应生成Na2O2，但在实验设计过程中没有验证是否产生O2，没有检验生成物中是否存在SO3^2-。     

四元体系Ns2B4O7—Na2CO3—NaHCO3—NaBO2—H2O多温（0—45℃）溶度研究

报道了四元体系Ns2B4O7-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-NaBO2-H2O在0，15，25，35及45℃时的等温溶度，通过数据拟合等温截面无变点溶度数据与温度的关系，给出了相应的溶度－温度关系式，绘出了该体系0－45℃时的多温关系图，这些结果有助于揭示含硼碱湖的固体盐矿成因，给出了有关盐卤存在的反应2Na2CO3＋Na2B4O7 H2O=4NaBO2 2NaHCO3的相化学揭示。     

La2O3对Ni/γ-Al2O3甲烷化催化剂的助催化作用

我国将稀土作为助剂引入镍基甲烷化催化剂,大大提高了催化剂的活性和热稳定性,并已投入工业应用［1－3］．稀土对不同镍催化剂反应性能及其作用机理的研究已有一些报导［3－7］．谢有畅等观察到镍负载在经单层La2O3改性的γ－Al2O3表面,其晶粒要比没有La2O3时小得多．Rotgerink等认为添加La后反应速率的增加不只是由于几何效应,而是La对甲烷化本身有促进作用,单位镍表面的活性是随La含量不同而改变的,活性增加的同时表观活化能也增加［5］．作为助剂的La2O3在氢还原和反应过程中的变化及其作用的研究和讨论较少,目前一般认为添…     

聚乙二醇对振荡反应的影响

前文［1］曾指出，生物体系的化学振荡反应实际上是产生于水溶胶之中（包括高分子溶液及表面活性剂溶液）．作为反应介质，水溶胶对生物体系的周期现象有着不可忽略的重要作用．因此，要模拟生物体系的化学振荡就不能不考虑溶胶对振荡反应的影响．前文［2，3］报道了表面活性剂TritonX－100（简称TX－100），TritonX－305等对振荡反应的影响．为了解聚乙二醇类表面活性剂中EO链的作用及高分子溶液对振荡反应的特征影响，我们选用高分子聚乙二醇（PEG）作为添加剂，考虑由于它的加入而引起振荡反应的变化．为了减少PEG中自由羟基的还原…     

1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯-阴离子表面活性剂-季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂显色反应及其应用

在三乙醇胺介质中,新试剂1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(HDNPAPT)与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂及阴离子表面活性剂(AS)反应显色,形成三元络合物.研究了显色体系的条件实验,建立了测定阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBOSO_3Na)、十二烷基磺酸钠(DOSO_3Na)和十二烷基硫酸钠(DSO_4Na)的方法,表观摩尔吸光系数均达10~4以上.方法已应用于环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂的测定.     

Na_2WO_4催化H_2O_2氧化环己烯合成己二酸反应研究

以Na2WO4为催化剂,H2O2(30wt.%)为氧化剂,考察了环己烯合成己二酸过程中反应条件的影响。采用单因素实验确定最佳的反应条件:反应体系的物料比为Na2WO4·2H2O∶H3PO4∶H2O2∶C6H10=5∶20∶400∶100(mmol比),Na2WO4与H2O2加热回流温度为60℃,加热回流时间为30 min,反应温度为102℃,反应时间为2 h,此时己二酸的产率最高为63%。采用正交实验法确定影响己二酸产率的三个主要因素顺序为:反应温度Na2WO4与H2O2加热回流时间Na2WO4与H2O2加热回流温度。     

氧化型谷胱甘肽对还原型谷胱甘肽清除自由基的协同作用

利用分光光度法和基质辅助飞行质谱法研究了谷胱甘肽对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)自由基的清除作用.通过比较不同浓度和不同配比的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)以及Na2SeO3混合溶液的自由基清除率,发现GSH/GSSG的配比对自由基清除率有明显影响.当GSH/GSSG的配比大于50∶ 1时,自由基清除率比同浓度的GSH大,且自由基清除率随GSH和GSSG的绝对浓度的增加而明显增加,说明适量的GSSG可协同催化GSH清除自由基过程.质谱测定结果表明: 此协同作用与GSSG 参与自由基清除过程中的自由基反应有关.Na2SeO3对GSH的清除自由基的影响主要是通过与GSH反应生成GSSG来调控GSH/GSSG配比的结果.通过测定和分析一定配比的GSH+GSSG混合溶液与DPPH作用前后的质谱图,提出了少量的GSSG共存下,GSH催化清除DPPH自由基的作用机理.     

Al2O3负载镍基催化剂上CO2氢甲烷化研究

通过对Ni/Al2O3及添加CeO2的Ni/Al2O3催化剂上CO2氢甲烷化反应的研究发现，在反应过程中，该体系的催化剂上并不产生CO，添ＣeO2后能显著提高甲烷产率，原位漫反射红外光谱研究发现，甲烷可通过表面ＣＯ２^-物种加氢或表面甲酸盐加氢两种途径产生，且第二种途径更有效，添加 CeO2可通过在较低温度时形成较多的表面甲酸盐来提高ＣＯ２的甲烷化活性。     

Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-NaBO2-H2O四元体系的等温溶度

测定了四元体系Na2B4O7 Na2CO3 NaHCO3 NaBO2 H2O在25 、 35及45 ℃时的等温溶度和饱和溶液的折光率,绘制了相应的溶度图和组成 折光率图.体系在35和45 ℃时有异成分化合物－天然碱（Na2CO3•NaHCO3•2H2O）生成.这些结果有助于揭示含硼碱湖的固体盐矿成因,对有关盐卤存在的反应2Na2CO3＋Na2B4O7＋H2O=4NaBO2＋2NaHCO3,揭示了相化学规律.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Syntheses,Spectroscopic Studies,and Crystal Structures of Me2Sn(O2PPh2)2, Ph2Pb(O2PMe2)2, and Ph2Pb(O2PPh2)2

Me₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 1 ), Ph₂Pb(O₂PMe₂)₂ ( 2 ), and Ph₂Pb(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 3 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me₂SnCl₂ or Ph₃PbCl with the corresponding diorganophosphinic acid in methanol. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the diorganophosphinate groups behave as double bridges between the metal atoms leading to polymeric ring‐chain structures with M₂O₄P₂ (M = Pb, Sn) eight‐membered rings. The organic groups bonded to the metal atoms are in trans‐position in the resulting octahedral arrangement around the metal atoms. The IR and the mass spectra were reported and discussed.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.